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Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

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Articles 121 - 150 of 397

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

The Impact Of The Capital Construction Fund On The Rhode Island Commercial Fishing Industry, Paul R. Helland Jan 1990

The Impact Of The Capital Construction Fund On The Rhode Island Commercial Fishing Industry, Paul R. Helland

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The impact of the Capital Construction Fund, a tax deferral program utilized for the construction of fishing vessels, is examined in the context of Rhode Island's fishing industry. It was believed that the Capital Construction Fund contributed to overcapitalization, was an incentive to purchase a vessel, and was mainly used by individuals targeting underutilized species. Indicators of capitalization such as number, size, and ages of vessels owned were gathered from the owners of vessels home-ported in Rhode Island during personal interviews. Response of those that have used the Program were separated from those who have not. A frequency analysis was …

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The Effect Of Industrial Development On The Sediment Contamination Of Apponaug Cove, A Historical Analysis, Marina Havan-Orumieh Jan 1990

The Effect Of Industrial Development On The Sediment Contamination Of Apponaug Cove, A Historical Analysis, Marina Havan-Orumieh

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Sediment cores have long been used to formulate the chronology of environmental contamination. This paper will investigate the utility of sediment cores in determining the chronology of trace metal contamination in Apponaug Cove, Rhode Island. A meter-long sediment core taken from the Cove was analyzed for chromium, copper, lead, zinc and nickel as well as organic pollutants coprostanol, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, benzotriazole and clorobenzotriazole. The core represents a close to 200 year record of sediments in Apponaug Cove. The cultural/economic changes in the Watershed in addition to environmental laws composed in the State and Federal levels which may have correlated with …

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The Case Of Rose Island: An Example Of Conflicting Goals And Competing Jurisdictions In Coastal Zone Development, Thomas James Gibson May 1989

The Case Of Rose Island: An Example Of Conflicting Goals And Competing Jurisdictions In Coastal Zone Development, Thomas James Gibson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the methods and tactics employed at the local level by all of the participants in the resolution of a controversial coastal development issue. It is the author's goal to present a case study of a proposal that had progressed at least through the local level of the approval process and study the mechanism to see if it produces a socially desirable result. Resolution of the final form that the development of Rose Island will take is no closer today than it was in the Spring of 1986, so this paper necessarily has …

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The Adjustment Of Taiwan, Roc, Fisheries To Coordinate With The Extending National Fisheries Jurisdiction, Teh-Yung Chan May 1989

The Adjustment Of Taiwan, Roc, Fisheries To Coordinate With The Extending National Fisheries Jurisdiction, Teh-Yung Chan

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The establishment by coastal states of 12-mile territorial seas and 200-mile EEZs or fisheries Conservation Zones (FCZs) has resulted in tremendous impacts on Taiwan inshore fisheries and distant-water fisheries. The ROC has to adjust its approach to fisheries in the face of the new international fisheries challenge. Through the adjusted measures, it has successfully achieved increases in her fisheries production in recent years. The purpose of this study is to examine the problems that have occurred or may occur to the Taiwan ROC fisheries industry as a consequence of the establishment of national EEZs. An area of particular concern to …

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The United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea, And Canadian Official Development Assistance, Lennox O'Riley Hinds May 1989

The United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea, And Canadian Official Development Assistance, Lennox O'Riley Hinds

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to examine the needs of developing states created by the 1982 U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea and the capability of the above cited Canadian aid agencies to provide needed assistance. To achieve the above objective the articles of the Third Convention of the Law of the Sea will be analyzed to establish requirements that coastal states must satisfy when the convention comes into force. Next, the mandates, policies, and programs of the aforementioned agencies will be examined to ascertain their potential to assist developing countries meet their obligations under UNCLOS III. …

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Environmental Management Planning And The Special Area Management Process, Timothy P. Dillingham Jan 1989

Environmental Management Planning And The Special Area Management Process, Timothy P. Dillingham

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Within coastal areas, growing numbers of resource users, increasingly divergent resources use demands, and loss of indigenous resources combine to exert tremendous pressures on these areas. The Narrow River is a unique estuary located on the coast of southern Rhode Island. The estuary has experienced a decline in water quality over the last 20 years, primarily attributable to poor development practices and improper disposal of on-site sewage. Increasing levels of development have begun to bring about further changes in the watershed, including alteration of scenic values, conversion and loss of wildlife habitat, additional sources of pollution inputs and increasing conflict …

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A Site-Specific Need Assessment For Ocean Incineration At The North Atlantic Incineration Site (Nais), Lynne H. Macdonald Jan 1989

A Site-Specific Need Assessment For Ocean Incineration At The North Atlantic Incineration Site (Nais), Lynne H. Macdonald

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This thesis examines the problems of hazardous wastes in the United States-and the problems their disposal present, in particular. Ocean incineration, one of the very few methods available to destroy many highly toxic wastes, is presented as a viable, necessary means to destroy liquid organochlorine wastes. Next, the international and federal regulations governing ocean incineration and the current status of ocean incineration in the United States are reviewed. A site-specific assessment for determining the need for ocean incineration is developed as an alternative to the two currently contended approaches (nationwide versus permit-by-permit need assessments). This site-specific need assessment evaluates the …

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Enforcement In The Exclusive Economic Zone: Harmonizing National Legislation With Special Reference To Asean States, Rayner Stuel Galid Jan 1989

Enforcement In The Exclusive Economic Zone: Harmonizing National Legislation With Special Reference To Asean States, Rayner Stuel Galid

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The 1982 Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provides only broad guidelines for many matters. One such area is in the provision of enforcement rights to the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Thus, the specifics have to be worked out by the concerned nations in their domestic legislation. This expansive latitude may occasion the lack of uniformity in coastal States' EEZ laws and regulations. These different legislation may foster incompatible enforcement policies on the part of the coastal States which in turn may cause international friction. Harmonization of laws is the deliberate alignment …

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Intergovernmental Relations And Ocs Oil And Gas Development, Gretchen Honan Jan 1989

Intergovernmental Relations And Ocs Oil And Gas Development, Gretchen Honan

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Oil and gas exploration and development in federal waters off the coast of California have been a source of conflict between federal and state governments for a number of years. More recently local governments and local citizenry have joined in the battle to prevent development of outer continental shelf (OCS) oil and gas reserves. Between 1985 and 1986 the passage of thirteen local land use initiatives prohibiting or requiring voter approval of onshore facilities to service offshore platforms occurred. These initiatives reflect growing local dissatisfaction with the present legislative structure governing OCS development. From their perspective the existing OCS development …

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The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty, Susan Ware Jan 1989

The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty, Susan Ware

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty was opened for signature on August 5, 1985, on the 40th Anniversary of the Bombing of Hiroshima. The Treaty prohibits Party states from controlling or assisting in the manufacture of nuclear explosive devices and from allowing devices not in their control stationing within their territory or land space. The Protocols to the Treaty enjoin the nuclear weapon sates and the states with territories within the Zone to adhere to the principles of the Treaty and to refrain from control or use of any nuclear explosive devices within the Zone. The principle concern of …

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Formulation Of A Management Scheme For The Swordfish Fishery Of The Eastern Caribbean, Harold F. Upton Jan 1989

Formulation Of A Management Scheme For The Swordfish Fishery Of The Eastern Caribbean, Harold F. Upton

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

During the 1983 season, two U.S. longline vessels initiated the first attempts at the commercial exploitation of swordfish in the Eastern Caribbean. In 1986, the number of U.S. vessels participating in the fishery surpassed 40 with landings of nearly two million pounds per season. The sudden influx of participants and technology to the region has resulted in a variety of user conflicts and associated policy issues. Major areas of concern involve the conservation of a heavily exploited resource and the distribution of benefits which accrue from resource exploitation among the resource-adjacent island states and U.S. fishing operations. This study examines …

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Socioeconomic Aspects Of Small-Scale Commercial Fisheries Development In The Republic Of The Marshall Islands, Cheryl Ann Mandich Jan 1989

Socioeconomic Aspects Of Small-Scale Commercial Fisheries Development In The Republic Of The Marshall Islands, Cheryl Ann Mandich

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study examines the sociocultural aspects of fishery development in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. It is based upon field research conducted through interviews with indigenous fisherfolk, business people, and expatriates. The Marshall Islands were selected because they have a limited economic base, yet have abundant fishery resources which have considerable potential to generate foreign exchange. Many studies focus on the technical aspects of fishery resource development. However, none address the sociocultural factors that influence its success. This thesis demonstrates that several aspects of Marshallese fishing society, some of which correspond to characteristics of the peasantry identified by Rogers …

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A Less-Polluted Future For Boston Harbor?: Assessing Selected Impacts Of A Citizen Information Program, Enid Carol Kumin Jan 1989

A Less-Polluted Future For Boston Harbor?: Assessing Selected Impacts Of A Citizen Information Program, Enid Carol Kumin

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The demand for good public information is a need which many environmental groups are now attempting to fill. Programs are generally designed around a particular environmental issue. One such effort is the Boston Harbor "Sewer Tour" Program run by 'Save the Harbor/Save the Bay' in Boston, Massachusetts. The Sewer Tour Program addresses matters of water pollution control in the Metropolitan Boston area. The present study examines the impact of the Sewer Tour Program on participants and spillover effects on their communities. A mailed survey is used to collect the data. A framework for data analysis is drawn from psychological research …

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Stormwater Quality Management In Rhode Island, Elizabeth A. Scott Jan 1989

Stormwater Quality Management In Rhode Island, Elizabeth A. Scott

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study documents the threat that uncontrolled "urban" stormwater runoff poses to surface water quality and the inadequacy of existing regulations governing land use development in preventing further water quality degradation resulting from "urban" runoff. The study applies recent research findings from the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program and the experience of other state regulatory programs in evaluating management alternatives and proposing a strategy for Rhode Island. The documented impacts of "urban" stormwater runoff on water quality, including excesses in criteria for copper, lead, and coliform, and eutrophication, support the need for stormwater quality management. This need is made more evident …

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Sewage Discharge By Recreational Boats In R.I. Coastal Waters, Maureen E. Eldredge Jan 1989

Sewage Discharge By Recreational Boats In R.I. Coastal Waters, Maureen E. Eldredge

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Federal legislation regulating sewage from recreational boats has existed since 1972 (The Clean Water Act). Since that time the regulations have failed to prevent untreated sewage from boats from being discharged into the Nation's waterways. This has caused conflicts over water quality, particularly in shellfish growing areas. The regulatory system which exists to regulate sewage from recreational boats was analyzed for nine sources of possible regulatory failure. Seven of the nine were found to be operating. They include, lack of technology, lack of enforcement, lack of issue salience, negative attitudes on the part of the boaters, the economics of compliance, …

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Antarctic Peninsula Mysticete Whales: Conservation And Research, Gregory Schofield Stone Jan 1989

Antarctic Peninsula Mysticete Whales: Conservation And Research, Gregory Schofield Stone

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper reports original research from two recent studies in the Antarctic Peninsula area, reviews past sighting information and policies affecting mysticete whales, and recommends future research. Due to poor management by the International Whaling Commission, mysticete whales are among the most severely depleted species groups in the Antarctic. The combined total Antarctic harvest from 1920 to 19867 for blue Balaenoptera musculus, fin B. physalus, sei B. borealis, minke B. acutorostrata and humpback Megaptera novaeangliae whales was over one million animals. The effect of this hunting pressure is the dominant factor determing the present status of Antarctic …

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North Carolina Ports: A Search For Identity, Clifford S. Sharpe Jan 1989

North Carolina Ports: A Search For Identity, Clifford S. Sharpe

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

North Carolina's development in colonial times and in the early stages of statehood was greatly affected by her coastline. An abundant coastline did not translate into an abundance of good ports, in fact, difficult coastal and inland navigation hampered early commercial development. North Carolina's barrier islands and numerous inlets served as a haven for pirates in colonial days, for privateers during the Revolution, and later defied the North's blockade during the Civil War. There were several attempts by individuals to encourage maritime trade in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Shortly after World War II the state mobilized to …

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Geographical Constraints To Soviet Maritime Power, Brian Needham Jan 1989

Geographical Constraints To Soviet Maritime Power, Brian Needham

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The aim of this paper is to identify the geographical constraints to Soviet marine power, assess their impact and explore alternatives that may be considered to reduce their detrimental effects. The paper will provide a background by addressing the recent history, status and current missions of the Soviet Navy, which is the vehicle for maritime power. The nature of the geographical constraints will then be discussed before assessing individually the impacts on the four Soviet Fleets: Northern, Baltic, Black Sea, and Pacific. Finally, some alternatives will be explored to counter the vulnerability of maritime power to those geographic constraints. It …

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Mobile Deployable Bases And Ports: A Study For Interim Requirements, William Glenn Moore Jan 1989

Mobile Deployable Bases And Ports: A Study For Interim Requirements, William Glenn Moore

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Logistics is an age old problem that has been the key to the greatest victories and defeats in history. Maritime support of wartime land campaigns as well as conflicts at sea, has been the answer to that problem even as far back in history as the ancient Greek Empire. Throughout the ages however the lesson that seems to be learned and relearned, the hard way, is that of logistic support. Today the United States is faced with what, to some seems to be an overwhelming problem in logistic support overseas, particularly in the maritime transportation and support arena. The U.S. …

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Perceptions Of The Texas State And Federal Closures Among Inshore Shrimpers In Galveston Bay, Texas And Calcasieu Lake, Louisiana, Nina H. Garfield Jan 1989

Perceptions Of The Texas State And Federal Closures Among Inshore Shrimpers In Galveston Bay, Texas And Calcasieu Lake, Louisiana, Nina H. Garfield

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The inshore shrimp fisheries along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico represent a significant portion of the total shrimp harvest in the Gulf. The shrimp harvest is allocated to the offshore and inshore fisheries through the use of season closures. In 1981, the Gulf of Mexico Regional Fisheries Management Council began implementing a policy known as the Texas Closure; a seasonal closure of the waters of the Federal Conservation Zone concurrent with the traditional season closure of the state waters of Texas. One impact of the Texas Closure on the offshore fishery has been fleet displacement from Texas to …

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An Analysis Of The Academic Fleet Insurance Program, Emma Rose Dieter Aug 1988

An Analysis Of The Academic Fleet Insurance Program, Emma Rose Dieter

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The academic research fleet is experiencing an increase in the cost of operations. Some members of the fleet are feeling a dramatic rise in operational costs in the area of marine insurance and a decrease in the availability of insurance. The academic fleet is referred to as the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) fleet. It is composed of 25 ships which are operated by 18 institutions. The vessels are owned outright or operated under a charter party agreement from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The National Science Foundation and ONR are also the …

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Problems And Opportunities For The Republic Of China In Regard To Distant Water Tuna Fisheries, Chih-I Sha May 1988

Problems And Opportunities For The Republic Of China In Regard To Distant Water Tuna Fisheries, Chih-I Sha

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The extension of fishery jurisdiction out to 200 miles from the baselines used to measure the territorial sea by most of the coastal states was the dominant event in global fisheries during the decade of the 1970s. In principle, under extended jurisdiction, the coastal states have the authority to eliminate economic waste and to reduce excessive fishing pressure; on the other hand, the distant water fishing states will have to curtail their fishing activities from the traditional fishing grounds off the coastal states. The Republic of China is a typical distant water fishing state, and is seriously impacted by the …

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Extended Maritime Jurisdiction And Indonesian Fisheries Development, Hardjono Jan 1988

Extended Maritime Jurisdiction And Indonesian Fisheries Development, Hardjono

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

With the declaration of the Indonesian EEZ by Presidential Decree on 21 March 1980, Indonesia has acquired a vast area of approximately 5.8 million sq. km. of sea water and opportunity to manage and utilize fisheries resources in the new extended areas of jurisdiction. The EEZ is giving many more potential fishing resources and greater opportunities to exploit its available fishery resources with responsibilities to conserve the resources. By exercising a high degree of its authority within the EEZ, Indonesia can gain more benefits from the use of fishery resources than before the declaration. However, the benefits may not be …

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The Impact Of Public Policy On Portland's Waterfront, John G. Ferland Jan 1988

The Impact Of Public Policy On Portland's Waterfront, John G. Ferland

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In May, 1987, Portland voters approved by a 2-to-1 margin a referendum preventing non-marine development along its waterfront for at least five years. It has become clear that the vote was not just a Portland waterfront issue. To many, the vote was a statement of no confidence in growth regulations and unhappiness with the pace of development throughout the Greater Portland region. The vote illustrated that there is no consensus on Greater Portland's future. For Portland's waterfront, a lack of consensus is nothing new. Portland has debated waterfront policy in fits and starts for most of the 20th century. As …

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A Case For The Decentralization Of Tuna Management: The East Pacific Tuna Fishery, Mark Alexander Murray-Brown Jan 1988

A Case For The Decentralization Of Tuna Management: The East Pacific Tuna Fishery, Mark Alexander Murray-Brown

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The east pacific tuna fishery has been a highly controversial industry due to a variety of biological, economic and political factors. Tuna are a highly migratory species and are known to move across areas of the ocean that are claimed by different nations. The high economic value of the tuna fishery has enhanced the dispute over the positioning of many of these national boundaries. During the middle of the twentieth century international fishery organizations were created in an attempt to resolve many of the issues. The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) was created to make management recommendations to maintain the …

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Dredging Management: A Comparative Analysis Of Mid-Sized U.S. North Atlantic Ports, Matthew H. Masters Jan 1988

Dredging Management: A Comparative Analysis Of Mid-Sized U.S. North Atlantic Ports, Matthew H. Masters

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Dredging management within the states of Rhode Island, Maine and Connecticut is examined through an analysis of the ports of Providence, Portland, and New Haven. These ports were selected from a field of 30 Atlantic Coast ports through a multivariate statistical analysis, based on similarities in size, function and geography. Each port's dredging history was compiled to illustrate the frequency and magnitude of dredging activity among the three states. Pertinent state laws, regulations and policies regarding dredging and dredged material disposal were reviewed in an attempt to identify similarities and differences. It was believed that differences among each state's regulatory …

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The Relationship Between Perceptions Of Gentrification And Waterfront Revitalization Policies, Noreen Merainer Jan 1988

The Relationship Between Perceptions Of Gentrification And Waterfront Revitalization Policies, Noreen Merainer

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This thesis examines the waterfront revitalization experience in Jersey City, N.J. In particular, the issue of gentrification, as perceived by the city administration, was examined to determine its impact on current city policies. A direct relationship between perceptions of gentrification and waterfront revitalization policies is suggested based on data obtained from detailed interviews and city documents.

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Enforcement Of State Coastal Resources Management Regulations: The Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council, David W. Kaiser Jan 1988

Enforcement Of State Coastal Resources Management Regulations: The Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council, David W. Kaiser

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper examines the adequacy of the enforcement efforts of the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council (CRMC) in carrying out the rules and regulations of the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Program (CRMP). This analysis describes the Federal and State mandates and contributions to the enforcement of the Rhode Island CRMP, determines the legitimacy of the CRMC through Superior Court cases, examines CRMC enforcement activities, and determines the compliance to CRMC cease and desist orders. The research finds that the CRMC has not enforced its regulatory responsibilities well. Actual compliance to cease and desist orders was only 41%. It …

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The Dynamic Balance Between Experts And The Public In The Assessment Of Hazards: Ocean Incineration - The U.S. Experience, Sally J. Spadaro Jan 1988

The Dynamic Balance Between Experts And The Public In The Assessment Of Hazards: Ocean Incineration - The U.S. Experience, Sally J. Spadaro

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Understanding environmental threats posed as a byproduct of technology has become an important role for our federal governmental agencies. This study examined environmental hazard assessment in theory and in practice. Discussion established the unique nature of environmental hazard assessment as compared to financial or natural hazard assessment. This first section examined advantages and shortcomings of four methods to judge the tolerability of environmental hazards: Natural Baselines, Risk/Cost/Benefit Analysis, Revealed Preferences, and Expressed Preferences. The differences in perspectives between expert risk assessors and the lay public was highlighted. For the case of ocean incineration of hazardous wastes the dilemma faced by …

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An Analysis Of Offshore Safety During Oil And Gas Operations On The Outer Continental Shelf, James H. Collins Jan 1988

An Analysis Of Offshore Safety During Oil And Gas Operations On The Outer Continental Shelf, James H. Collins

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Trends in offshore fatalities and lost time accidents since the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act Amendments of 1978 need to be identified to allow an evaluation of the safety of offshore operations. Fatality and accident data between 1975 and 1985 are analyzed in the context of the Federal regulatory structure. The safety data generated for oil and gas drilling operations on the Outer Continental Shelf varies according to the source of the information. Modifications to accident reporting formats and data collection systems would benefit the offshore industry and the Government regulators in their efforts to improve operational safety. A major …

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