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University of Rhode Island

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Articles 331 - 360 of 476

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

The Rhode Island Quahogger: Candidate For The List Of Endangered Species?, James M. Korney Apr 1981

The Rhode Island Quahogger: Candidate For The List Of Endangered Species?, James M. Korney

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

It is the hypothesis of this paper that today the livelihood of the independent Narragansett Bay quahogger is faced with two potentially dangerous threats; water pollution in upper Narragansett Bay and the prospect of an expanding aquaculture industry in the lower bay. Unless the state of Rhode Island properly interprets and enforces existing state legislation to protect the quahoggers interests, his very livelihood will be jeoprodized. This paper will examine the legal, political, economic, and environmental affects of water pollution in upper Narragansett Bay and an expanding aquaculture industry in the lower bay in their relation to the Rhode Island …

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The Impact Of The Federal Water Pollution Control Act On The Discharge Of Sanitary Waste From United States Navy Ships, William G. Fidyk Apr 1981

The Impact Of The Federal Water Pollution Control Act On The Discharge Of Sanitary Waste From United States Navy Ships, William G. Fidyk

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

During the late 1960's and early 1970's several significant pieces of environmental legislation were enacted. These pieces of legislation were designed to restore, improve, preserve and protect our natural resources. The legislation with the most impact on the United State Navy and Naval vessels has been the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. In order to meet the statutory requirements of the Clean Water Act, the United States Navy had to embark on a program to: modify existing vessels with Marine Sanitation Devices (MSD's) and install such devices on new construction ships.

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Municipal Sewage Treatment: Problems And Considerations, George R. Johnson Apr 1981

Municipal Sewage Treatment: Problems And Considerations, George R. Johnson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The coastal areas are vital to the economic and physical well being of the United States. Virtually every facet of our way of life is related in some fashion to these coastal areas. Ocean borne transportation moves not only vast quantities of raw materials, but also many of the intermediate and final products that are then manufactured to their related market areas. Fisheries provide vast amounts of food and employment for many of our people. In addition, the coasts are a continuing source of enjoyment and recreation for millions of our citizens. Coastal waters provide much of the water necessary …

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The Viability Of Imported Liquified Natural Gas As An Energy Resource, Richard L. Dick Apr 1981

The Viability Of Imported Liquified Natural Gas As An Energy Resource, Richard L. Dick

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

As the United States enters the 1980's, the need for secure and efficient energy sources is rapidly moving to the forefront of our foreign and domestic policies. It is apparent that our existence, as well as that of our allies, is closely tied to the ability to secure energy resources. The importation of Liquified Natural Gas (LNG), by specially designed ships, from oil exporting nations to energy consuming nations has been a highly touted energy resource. United States importation of LNG is not a cost effective energy resource due to: (1) dependence on foreign sources, (2) transportation costs including "hidden" …

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International And U.S. Inland Navigation Rules And Lng Transport, Robert P. Garrett Apr 1981

International And U.S. Inland Navigation Rules And Lng Transport, Robert P. Garrett

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Involved in the extensive research that was required by this study included; a research of publications dealing with the engineering and construction of LNG vessels, review of tests conducted by the U.S. Coast guard and the U.S. Bureau of Mines dealing with the possible spill of LNG, establishment of the dangers of LNG, establishment of the U.S. Coast Guard Inland and International Rules of Navigation and how they relate to the safe navigation of LNG vessels, and recommendations for amendments and/or changes to the navigation rules to better ensure the safe navigation of LNG vessels.

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The Effect Of Deep Sea Bed Mining On Strategic Minerals And National Security, Gary R. Hammond Apr 1981

The Effect Of Deep Sea Bed Mining On Strategic Minerals And National Security, Gary R. Hammond

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Deep sea bed mining has been a topic of considerable debate since it became technically and economically viable as a mining venture in the mid 1960's. The availability of manganese nodules has been determined through costly "prospecting" operations and their existence in sufficient quantity and quality has been found to be adequate for the mining industry. Though the future of the nodule mining is undetermined, it is the purpose of this paper to determine its impact on the national management of its associated strategic minerals and national security.

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Decision Analysis: A Systematic Approach To Environmental Impact Assessment, Richard E. Dodson Apr 1981

Decision Analysis: A Systematic Approach To Environmental Impact Assessment, Richard E. Dodson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The creation of the national Environmental Policy Act of 1969 was an explicit recognition by the congress for the need of a better management system to be used in environmental matters by all federal agencies. Section 102(2)(A) of the Act directs that a systematic, interdisciplinary approach be used in the planning and in the decision-making if the planned action may have an impact on the environment. While the council on Environmental Quality, which was created under the Act, has revised its regulations recently pertaining to the structure and format of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS), it has yet to articulate how …

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Impact Of Unclos Iii On U. S. Naval Operations, Timothy Michael Ahern Jan 1981

Impact Of Unclos Iii On U. S. Naval Operations, Timothy Michael Ahern

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper briefly summarizes the development of the Third United Nations Law of the Sea Conference (UNCLOS III)and the influence that national security had on its development.The missions of the navy as promulgated by Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Elmo Zumwalt are: Strategic Deterrence;Sea Control; Projection of Force Ashore; and Naval Presence. The effect of the Draft Convention, InformalText (DC IT) provisions in five areas are discussed. These areas are: Transit of International Straits; Archipelagos;the Territorial Sea; the Exclusive Economic Zone; and the Deep Seabed.

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The Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act: Legality And Necessity The U.S. Perspective, Thomas P. Beatty Jan 1981

The Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act: Legality And Necessity The U.S. Perspective, Thomas P. Beatty

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In June of 1980, the President of the United States signed into law the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act, a piece of national legislation that will most definitely have international repercussions. The developing nations of the world are strongly opposed to unilateralism on the part of any nation, contending the minerals of the deep seabed belong to all nations and, therefore, the benefit from the exploitation of those minerals should likewise be shared by all nations. Why then, against such firm opposition from the less developed countries of the world, did the United States opt for unilateralism instead of …

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Unesco's Spines Information System: A Resource In Marine Policy Documentation, Mary Jane Beardsley Jan 1981

Unesco's Spines Information System: A Resource In Marine Policy Documentation, Mary Jane Beardsley

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Science and Technology Policies Information Exchange System (SPINES) was developed by UNESCO during the last decade. Intended to be a global system, its basic value to marine policy planners lay in its potential to align ocean policy information in context with other science policies and to align the ocean policies of one nation with those of the rest of the world. SPINES progressed from a feasibility study, to a five-year pilot project, 1977-1982. Important investigations were made of science policy research in 19 countries and 4 continents. A unique thesaurus was published in 1976 collecting, for the first time, …

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Maritime Boundary Disputes As A Constraint To The Commercialization Of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion In The Caribbean Sea, Philip Erwin Haring Jan 1981

Maritime Boundary Disputes As A Constraint To The Commercialization Of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion In The Caribbean Sea, Philip Erwin Haring

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This thesis is an examination of the effect which the commercialization of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) will have on the delimitation of maritime boundaries in the Caribbean, and the extent to which boundary disputes will reduce the area available for OTEC facility deployment there. The first chapter is a discussion of OTEC and the prospects for commercialization in the next ten to fifteen years. The second chapter is an analysis of the development of the international law of the sea, and how that evolution has stabilized in recent years establishing a jurisdictional regime in which coastal states control the …

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U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers Public Interest Review: An Evaluation Of Implementation Effectiveness, Sharon Kelberg Jan 1981

U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers Public Interest Review: An Evaluation Of Implementation Effectiveness, Sharon Kelberg

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is authorized to permit or deny dredge and fill activities in the nation's coastal and wetland regions. Originally, responsible only for the maintenance of navigation, the Corps considered only navigational requirements in decisions to grant or deny permits. Now, however, the Corps must demonstrate, that the "public interest" is served as well. This study examines the scope of the public interest and attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the program in a particularly controversial project. The initial phase provides evaluation criteria necessary to analyze the application of the public interest review. The second phase …

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Tank Vessel Safety Regulations: The Role Of Maritime Education And Training In The United States, John B. Noll Jan 1981

Tank Vessel Safety Regulations: The Role Of Maritime Education And Training In The United States, John B. Noll

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper examines the major details of the STCW Convention and the Maritime Education Act and their inter-relationships to the American Merchant Marine training pipeline. The various programs which provide entry-level, selected advanced, continuing education and refresher training for our tanker personnel are discussed. The educational value and current status of the utilization of shore-based simulators for "equivalency training" is examined in light of the increased sea training requirements presented in the STCW Convention. The inherent benefit of a well-balanced mix of simulator training and at-sea experience for the safe, professional operation of our Merchant Marine by the "human element" …

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A Comparison Of Global Conventions Concerned With Controlling Ship-Borne Pollution On The High Seas, Robert F. Ogurek Jan 1981

A Comparison Of Global Conventions Concerned With Controlling Ship-Borne Pollution On The High Seas, Robert F. Ogurek

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper will compare the global conventions concerned with controlling ship-borne pollution, noting the major differences in regulations concerned with the prevention, control and reporting of pollution incidents, as well as the enforcement provisions of these conventions. Section I of this paper will be a discussion of the provisions made in the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea Draft Convention on the Law of the Sea (not yet in force) concerning ship-borne pollution. Section II will be a discussion of the major global conventions, both those presently in force and those yet to enter into force, …

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Promotion Of Distant-Water Fishing Industry In Taiwan, Dah-Wen Shieh Jan 1981

Promotion Of Distant-Water Fishing Industry In Taiwan, Dah-Wen Shieh

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The growth of distant-water fishing industry in Taiwan has been steady during the period from 1965-1973. However, since 1973, the slow expansion of distant-water fisheries has been reflected in both the production side and the decreasing catch per unit effort. The increasing operation costs and the shrinking fishing grounds are mainly attributable to the limitation of distant-water fishing industry. The small scale of fishing companies with small-sized vessels also resulted in the inefficient operation in this highly competitive business. For Taiwan, distant-water fishing is not only a means of meeting general protein requirements for its population but also an important …

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Beach Protection And Restoral Techniques And Their Application To The Rhode Island Coast, Dennis J. Stockwell Jan 1981

Beach Protection And Restoral Techniques And Their Application To The Rhode Island Coast, Dennis J. Stockwell

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

It is the purpose of this paper to investigate the techniques and designs for beach protection today, and to show that efforts are largely motivated by the economic value involved. The primary cause of beach erosion will be addressed through a discussion of coastal processes. The construction and purposes of the common engineering structures will be explored along with examples of the materials presently being used. The east-coast beaches of Florida with their traditional recreational lure will provide good examples of large-scale efforts to protect high-cost waterfront investments. Rhode Island shoreline varies considerably along its length and is also chiefly …

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Auctions As An Alternate Method Of Selling Fish In New England, Martin J. Vincent Jan 1981

Auctions As An Alternate Method Of Selling Fish In New England, Martin J. Vincent

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Selling fish at the landings stage by auction, as opposed to the current practices of selling to middlemen and through cooperatives, has been proposed by several authors. They suggest that fishermen would receive higher prices and that auction competition would improve fish quality.The aim of this study was to compile the rules and procedures of existing fish auctions, and to explore their effect on price formation. This would provide a basis for any who wished to determine the applicability of fish auctions in particular ports. While the findings are relevant to all fish auctions, special emphasis was placed on the …

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Regional Planning On The South Shore: A Proposal For Improving Coastal Resources Management In Rhode Island, Thomas R. Ouellette Jan 1981

Regional Planning On The South Shore: A Proposal For Improving Coastal Resources Management In Rhode Island, Thomas R. Ouellette

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Rhode Island coast is distinguished by estuaries and brackish ponds, sand dunes and barrier beaches, fertile agricultural soils and productive wildlife habitats. The state's coastal zone includes both the urban waterfront of Providence and the traditional rural environment of Washing and Newport Counties. Because of Rhode Island's small area (less than that of the average county in the United States: and high population density, the state's shoreline is in great demand by nearly all of its residents. Many are either dependent economically upon, or enjoy the recreational use of, the resources of the coast. However, the people of Rhode …

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A High School Curriculum In Marine Environmental Issues: "The Sea - Use And Abuse" Part Ii, Martha J. Zimmerman Jan 1981

A High School Curriculum In Marine Environmental Issues: "The Sea - Use And Abuse" Part Ii, Martha J. Zimmerman

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

To the Student: As we progress into the 1980's, you will become more aware of a number of marine related environmental issues. Many of these complex marine issues will be decided within the political sphere of our society. These are not isolated issues, but rather complicated ones which impact a wide section of our economic and social lives. The issues we are discussing include: land use (especially in the coastal zone), the city of facilities (e.g. sewer treatment plants, power plants, nuclear power plants), and the drilling for oil and gas and minerals on submerged and continental shelf areas. Port …

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A High School Curriculum In Marine Environmental Issues: "The Sea - Use And Abuse" Part I, Martha J. Zimmerman Jan 1981

A High School Curriculum In Marine Environmental Issues: "The Sea - Use And Abuse" Part I, Martha J. Zimmerman

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

To the Teacher: The materials presented and developed in this learning activity packet involve dynamic, complex, and persistent environmental issues concerning man's interaction with the oceans and the marine environment. As we progress into the 1980's, many decisions effecting the marine world will be made within the political sphere. These decisions will have wide-spreading impacts into the economic and social areas as well. Some consequences will be observed immediately, and others perhaps more serious, defiant of detection, and in some instances even hazardous, may have delayed results. The complex interrelationships of land and oceanic environments, the fragility of the marine …

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Residential Development And Coastal Flood Plain Management In Rhode Island: Its History, Present Status And Future Options, William R. Gordon Jr. Jan 1981

Residential Development And Coastal Flood Plain Management In Rhode Island: Its History, Present Status And Future Options, William R. Gordon Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

It is the objective of this major paper to examine and assess the present status and future orientation of flood plain management in Rhode Island. The primary focus of this paper will address floodproofing (Building Code Regulations) of structures as a preventative measure against flood damages. Floodproofing, as an exercise of local police power, is applicable to desired uses of the flood plain; such as residential, recreational and commercial structures. Emphasis will be extended to recreational and residential buildings.

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Trace Metal Pollution In Narragansett Bay: A Case Study Of The Rhode Island Quahog Fishery, Scott W. Horsley Jan 1981

Trace Metal Pollution In Narragansett Bay: A Case Study Of The Rhode Island Quahog Fishery, Scott W. Horsley

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper was written with two objectives in mind: to provide information relevant to the protection of the quahog fishery and the protection of human health. Both are threatened as hundreds of millions of gallons of industrial effluents and sewage treatment plant discharges enter Narragansett Bay daily. The implications of trace metal pollution with respect to the quahog fishery have received little attention to date. The purpose of this paper is to assemble scientific, legal, and socioeconomic information in a fashion which will direct future research and management attempts in an effective manner.

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Technical And Legal Considerations Immanent In The Disposal Of Commercial Nuclear Waste, Margaret D. Davidson Aug 1980

Technical And Legal Considerations Immanent In The Disposal Of Commercial Nuclear Waste, Margaret D. Davidson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

There is, currently, a flurry of activity as the present Administration, along with the United States Department of Energy and the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, struggles to develop a comprehensive national program for the management and disposal of radioactive wastes. The first section of the paper deals with some of the inherent technical issues. This includes a review of the origin of nuclear wastes; the hazards of the wastes, including impacts upon the biological environment; and the extent of the state of the art for disposing of such wastes. The second section is an attempt to review the scope …

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The Future Of Coastal Zone Management: The 1980 Amendments, Kenneth J. Buckland May 1980

The Future Of Coastal Zone Management: The 1980 Amendments, Kenneth J. Buckland

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (P.L.98-583) is currently being questioned on its validity, purpose, funding, wording, and accomplishments in carrying out national policies for the benefit of the U.S. coastal zones. All the legislation promulgated for management of coastal resources, the agencies involved in coastal zone management, and the groups participating in these actions have been challenged in recent months and have subsequently been evolving in their functions. What remedies are available and how they could be realized through the present federal laws and organizational structure are areas which must be discussed now if we are to …

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State - Federal Relations In The Siting Of Nuclear Power Plants: Towards Greater State Authority, Walter A. Cooper May 1980

State - Federal Relations In The Siting Of Nuclear Power Plants: Towards Greater State Authority, Walter A. Cooper

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The accident at the Three Mile Island (TMI), Pennsylvania nuclear powered electrical generating plant on March 28, 1979 has promoted a great deal of concern and interest in the future of nuclear power in the United States. Such concern is manifested by the unofficial moratorium imposed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) on the granting of new permits for the construction and operation of nuclear plants until the problems presented by the accident at TMI have been addressed. The NRC felt that the accident, at the very least, warranted consideration of a formal moratorium on plant licensing. Although a formal …

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High Value Fishery: Vessel-Harvest Helicopter Landing, Roger F. Scott Apr 1980

High Value Fishery: Vessel-Harvest Helicopter Landing, Roger F. Scott

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to examine the feasibility of using helicopters to move high value fish from the offshore fishing fleet at sea, to market distribution locations. To accomplish this purpose, data was collected on the high value swordfish species, ex-vessel, $1.50 per pound, and used to compare three basic options. Two Sikorsky helicopters were considered in the options tested; the light lift S58T, and the medium lift S61. The data shows the S58T to dominate the S61 in all comparisons. An underlying assumption of the analysis is that the fish landed by helicopter will demand a premium …

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An Investigation Into A New England Fisheries Development Project: Towards The Expansion Of The Whiting Fishery, J. H. Kaelin Apr 1980

An Investigation Into A New England Fisheries Development Project: Towards The Expansion Of The Whiting Fishery, J. H. Kaelin

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In 1973, the New England Fishery Development Program (NEFDP), an industry/government partnership was formed to offset a portion of the economic decline of the New England fishing industry while encouraging the development of underutilized species and nontraditional fishery products. The purpose of this paper is to examine one of the NEFDP's development projects and to comment on its apparent success. This paper attempts to determine if domestic processors can be expected to produce whiting fillet blocks that can compete in the market place with foreign imports. Several aspects of the problem are favorably resolved-an abundant whiting resource is available; the …

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Puerto Rico's Political Status And Its Right To A Territorial Sea And Exclusive Economic Zone, Sandra M. Laureano Apr 1980

Puerto Rico's Political Status And Its Right To A Territorial Sea And Exclusive Economic Zone, Sandra M. Laureano

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

When, in 1973, preliminary seismic studies were made in Puerto Rico, in order to site a nuclear plant, possible hydrocarbon deposits were delineated. This gave rise to the controversy of Puerto Rico's right to its offshore resources. How far out does Puerto Rico's right extend? Puerto Rico's right to a territorial sea and an exclusive economic zone should be defined by international law standards. The controversy, in the context of Puerto Rico's status question, is what this paper is about.

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Ward V. Coleman, Cert. Granted (Sub Nom. United States V. Ward): A Fifth Amendment Problem In The Enforcement Of The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, Mark Cohen Apr 1980

Ward V. Coleman, Cert. Granted (Sub Nom. United States V. Ward): A Fifth Amendment Problem In The Enforcement Of The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, Mark Cohen

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

On March 23, 1975 oil leaked out of an oil retention pit at a drilling site owned by L.O. Ward. Ward was an Oklahoma wildcatter and the owner and operator of L.O. Ward Oil and Gas Operations. The spilled oil ran down a gully and into Boggie Creek. Boggie Creek is a tributary of the navigable Arkansas River. The discharge of oil from Ward's property therefore amounted to the discharge of a harmful quantity of oil within the meaning of Section 1321 (b)(3) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and also a harmful quantity within the meaning of regulations …

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Navies And The Straits Regime, Farid Fiuzi Apr 1980

Navies And The Straits Regime, Farid Fiuzi

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The aim of this paper is to study the potential conflicts surrounding access and mobility of the naval forces through the straits, and look at sea-power implications of eventual solution. All these would be difficult to appreciate if they were to be considered in isolation from the main currents of the Law of the Sea and naval history, and naval strategy.

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