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Articles 451 - 476 of 476
Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Containerships: A Point Of Departure Or A Panacea?, Dale S. Brown Jr.
Containerships: A Point Of Departure Or A Panacea?, Dale S. Brown Jr.
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
The advent of containerships has revolutionized the world’s shipping industry. In the United States’ struggle to compete for world markets and to improve military logistical support, it must keep abreast of current innovations in sea transport. An examination of the role played by containerships in this new technology must include the exploration of certain key questions. What is the best way to utilize this form of transport? What characteristics should these ships have? What are the best container sizes? Should the ships be self-sustaining, or should they call at ports with discharging facilities? How should companies determine legal problems concerning …
A Draft Proposal For The Management Of The Offshore Sand And Gravel Deposits Of The State Of Rhode Island: Guidelines And Model Regulatory Legislation, Malcoolm Johnston Grant
A Draft Proposal For The Management Of The Offshore Sand And Gravel Deposits Of The State Of Rhode Island: Guidelines And Model Regulatory Legislation, Malcoolm Johnston Grant
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
The Coastal Resources Management Council is charged with broad responsibility to "develop resource management plans compatible with the needs of the people of Rhode Island, while preserving and enhancing as far as possible the natural qualities of the marine environment." The proper function of coastal management is to maximize the options open to the people of Rhode Island in the development of their coastal resources. This goal can best be realized by providing for the resolution of developmental conflicts before they materialize. Uncontrolled past development and consequent unanticipated use conflicts of many types have already seriously compromised Rhode Island's ability …
Naval And Merchant Fleet Coordination: A New Maritime Strategy, W. Gibson Carter
Naval And Merchant Fleet Coordination: A New Maritime Strategy, W. Gibson Carter
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
The military sealift requirements of the Department of Defense and the cooperation of the Merchant Marine in times of crises, national emergencies and wars are well known. The current trend toward increasing international trade; problems of inadequate U.S. flag commercial shipping fleet and further reductions in the size of the active and reserve naval fleets, require that some cooperative effort be considered in a normal peacetime environment as well as in a crisis role. The majority of the ships of the U.S. Navy and Merchant Marine are well over twenty years old and are inefficient and uneconomical to operate. Positive …
Government Oil Policy And Its Effect On Domestic & Offshore Oil Production, James Owers
Government Oil Policy And Its Effect On Domestic & Offshore Oil Production, James Owers
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
To date the petroleum industry is second only to the Department of Defense in its stimulation of ocean technology. By the end of 1968, American petroleum companies had invested over 13 billion dollars on the continental shelves of the United States. The development of submersibles, man in the sea, instruments, seismic surveys, mapping and charting, and development of ocean structures and engineering have all been profoundly effected by this massive injection of capital. It is obviously of interest, therefore, to consider policies which affect offshore oil exploration and development. This paper is confined to analyzing three such economic policies in …
Underwater Search And Rescue For Non-Military Submersibles, Peter A. Joseph
Underwater Search And Rescue For Non-Military Submersibles, Peter A. Joseph
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
A system of underwater search and rescue for non-military submersibles utilizing a helicopter delivered rescue submersible is proposed. In the last 10 years there has been a substantial increase in manned underwater endeavors. This expansion is expected to continue with increasingly greater emphasis in the recreational field. The necessity to overcome the relatively short iife support of the small recreation submersible dictates a rapid response. This system should be capable of providing the lift necessary to rescue the entrapped personnel by bringing the submersible to the surface. At the present time the Coast Guard must rely on other submersible operators …
Obstacles To Economic Progress In Ethiopia's Red Sea Coast And Gulf Of Aden, Abraham Alemayehu
Obstacles To Economic Progress In Ethiopia's Red Sea Coast And Gulf Of Aden, Abraham Alemayehu
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
Ethiopia is a coastal state whose overall economic progress has been and still is being affected by a number of coastal and related obstacles. This paper will attempt to discuss each and every one of these obstacles and other relevant aspects in order to justify as much as possible Ethiopia's lack of progress in economic development. By no means these are not the only obstacles responsible for affecting the country's entire economic progress. The obstacles that I would like to present here are only those which are more or less directly related to maritime, geographical and geopolitical problems on the …
The U.S. Merchant Fleet: Patterns For The Seventies (U), Glenn Edward Whisler Jr.
The U.S. Merchant Fleet: Patterns For The Seventies (U), Glenn Edward Whisler Jr.
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
An analysis of recent U.S. maritime legislation in order to predict the possible effect it may have on our merchant fleet growth patterns for the seventies. Major attention is devoted to the Merchant Marine Act of 1970 which the Administration and Congress hopes will halt the continuing decline of the U.S. merchant fleet. The investigation is limited to the shipbuilding industry and is concerned primarily with government incentives, provided to both shipbuilders and shipowners, designed to stimulate new building programs. This study finds that the U.S. merchant fleet will experience a healthy growth during this decade as a result of …
The Navy And Aquidneck Island: A Study In The Coastal Zone, Paul Lewis Cohen
The Navy And Aquidneck Island: A Study In The Coastal Zone, Paul Lewis Cohen
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
Navy fleet operating bases are all located within the coastal zone; a unique area neither land nor sea. This paper opens with a brief review of the nature of the coastal zone, followed by a discussion of regulations pending in Congress and an example of one state's coastal zone legislation. Navy policies regarding environmental factors that must be considered in land use management are also discussed. Interactions of the U.S. Naval Base, Newport, and non-Navy interests with the coastal zone of Aquidneck Island are examined to develop a model for analysis of these relationships.
Concept Of Adjacency, Kenneth L. Wright Jr.
Concept Of Adjacency, Kenneth L. Wright Jr.
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
Adjacency, as used in the Law of the Sea, implies a defined area beyond the territorial sea applying to the superadjacent waters, the seabedand the subsoil. It also implies a relationship to the land. This paper is an examination of adjacency as a concept with particular emphasis placed on the possibilities of establishing the outer limits of an adjacent area. The concept of adjacency is addressed from historical,oceanographic, biological, geological and legal perspectives. An investigation into the State practice of projecting limited jurisdiction from shore into the sea by Britain and America is made to determine a possible genesis concerning …
The Impact On The Navy Of Public Concern With Control Of Pollution Of The Seas By Oil, Robert Augustus Fisher
The Impact On The Navy Of Public Concern With Control Of Pollution Of The Seas By Oil, Robert Augustus Fisher
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
It is difficult at best to evaluate the biological and chemical damages of oil pollution, but the physical effects are graphically evident in the blackened beaches and coastlines around the world and in the floating "tar-balls" found in mid-ocean. It is this dramatically visible effect that has stirred public concern. Thus, prevention of such damage is high on the list of priorities for both national and international concern. In the face of the ever increasing potential for pollution, President Nixon has pledged that federal agencies will take the lead in pollution abatement programs.
The Open Ocean Hydrofoil Ship: Will It Come Of Age?, Stephen W. Mcganka
The Open Ocean Hydrofoil Ship: Will It Come Of Age?, Stephen W. Mcganka
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
Problems encountered during development of the hydrofoil ship have restricted exploitation of its unique characteristics in an open ocean environment. An examination of pertinent physical and technical constraints is undertaken to assess their impact upon the future. The focus of this examination is centered upon the evolution of the fully submerged foil type ship during the past decade with emphasis upon the commitment directed toward its development by the United States Government. The developmental process induced by this commitment is found to be impeded by physical and technical factors, but organizational and traditional constraints are also instrumental in retarding progress. …
The Role Of Compulsory Sealanes In Resolving Multiple-Use Conflict On The Continental Shelf, Alfred P. Manning
The Role Of Compulsory Sealanes In Resolving Multiple-Use Conflict On The Continental Shelf, Alfred P. Manning
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
An analysis of the nature of multiple-use conflict on the continental shelf developed with particular emphasis on the involvement of ocean transportation and offshore oil recovery. The wide-ranging effects which offshore marine accidents may have on coastal residents is discussed. Trends indicate a growth in the level of conflict stemming from competition between those wishing to use the same ocean space for the same purpose, the same ocean space for different purposes, and different but related ocean space for incompatible purposes. Ocean transportation is identified as the single common element in all three conflict categories. Restriction on traditional concepts of …
The United States Navy And An International Seabed Regime (U), Theodore E. Newark
The United States Navy And An International Seabed Regime (U), Theodore E. Newark
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
The paper proposes to briefly outline the Navy's general role as one element of this nation's overall seapower. The expanding sources of conflicting interest in uses of the sea are examined along with the barely visible form which debates are presently giving toward the creation of an international regime for the peaceful exploration and exploitation of the natural resources of the seabed and its subsoil, located beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Naval adjustment to the requirements expected to derive from new aspects of the evolving changes to present law of the sea are analyzed and recommendations are drawn in …
Oceanic Disposal Of Radioactive Wastes: Effects And Proposals, Billy M. Ervin
Oceanic Disposal Of Radioactive Wastes: Effects And Proposals, Billy M. Ervin
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
An investigation of the effects of radioactive waste disposal into the oceans pursued by an examination of the hazards involved, the present sources of radioactive wastes and future prospects. The longevity of many radioactive elements, coupled with the awesome consequences to which even a slight miscalculation may lead, are convincing arguments for the most conservative approach to the problem of disposal of radioactive wastes. Present day disposal of radioactive wastes in the oceans, while significant, have not yet had major discernible effects on man or marine life. However, with the worldwide explosion of electrical power demand and the increasing use …
A Functional Analysis Of The Naval Weather Service System, Charles P. Pfarrer Jr.
A Functional Analysis Of The Naval Weather Service System, Charles P. Pfarrer Jr.
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Naval Weather Service system by defining its functions; for the available literature does not convey the concept of interacting elements contributing to the operation of the larger whole. This paper concentrates on articulating the contributions of the related actions to the Naval Weather Service system. The aim is for clarity of exposition. The purpose is to get across the big picture. Int introspective format ensues formally from the rational foundations of the conceptual mode of inquiry. This paper addresses the Naval Weather Service system and not the scientific and technological process …
The Effects Of A Twelve Mile Limit For The Territorial Sea, Richard J. Brennan
The Effects Of A Twelve Mile Limit For The Territorial Sea, Richard J. Brennan
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
A treaty setting the limit of territorial waters at twelve miles will probably be negotiated and accepted by most nations in the near future. In areas not involving straits, this limit will have both beneficial and harmful effects, but it appears to be the best solution that can be achieved. However, in order to ensure that confidence in the free use of the oceans is maintained, the United States should attempt to have included in the treaty a provision for a channel of high seas through international straits. Agreement to such a provision will be difficult to obtain and if …
Planning Aspects Of Pollution Control, Donald T. Cannell
Planning Aspects Of Pollution Control, Donald T. Cannell
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
Pollution control and abatement has become a national social goal but improvement impeded by lack of adequate resource allocation. The uncertainties of technology, financing, nature, politics, law and institutionalism must be evaluated by corporate and government planners to find long-run solutions. The evaluation of the sensitivity of planning recommendations to the uncertainty involved in this multi-variate problem, along with national economic shifts caused by alternative abatement funding programs is critical in formulating the “best” plan to ensure success of the national program.
The Historic End Of Closed Seas, James Edward Grise
The Historic End Of Closed Seas, James Edward Grise
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
The purpose of this paper is to consider the rather vague claims to closed seas by the Soviet Union and to determine what direction these claims are taking. The first part of the paper deals with the history and development of the closed seas concept and expands it into the present day claims in this area. It attempts to show how some of the past claims have remained over the years and how some of the others have progressed to claims of historic waters. In the final section an attempt is made to show some method for resolving some of …
Natural Sovereignty On The High Seas, Thomas Arthur Marnane
Natural Sovereignty On The High Seas, Thomas Arthur Marnane
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
The purpose of this paper is to examine a current dispute involving resources in the sea, determine the issues involved, and hypothesize a solution. Specifically, the dispute chosen involves Latin American claims to extensive sovereign fishery rights in adjacent coastal waters and objections to these claims. The United States and the parties to a declaration made in Santiago, Chile, in 1882, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru, have been chosen as most representative of the opposing positions. The International Court of Justice, primarily utilizing as a framework for analysis the dicta, findings, and opinions in their February 1969 Judgment in the North …
Recommendations For A United States Position Regarding Delimitation Of The Outer Boundary Of The "Legal" Continental Shelves, Brian K. Hannula
Recommendations For A United States Position Regarding Delimitation Of The Outer Boundary Of The "Legal" Continental Shelves, Brian K. Hannula
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
The Convention on the Continental Shelf has come under attack because it does not establish a precise outer boundary for the "legal" continental shelf. It is the author's opinion that the United States should propose or support a revision of the Convention which would rectify this situation. A suitable delimitation proposal must have considerable domestic support and should represent the best compromise between opposing domestic views. A proposed revision of the Convention must, also, have strong international support if it is to be adopted. Each nation will determine a preferred delimitation which depends on the configuration of its own continental …
Strategic And Related Considerations In The Development Of A Northwest Passage, Norman E. Larsen
Strategic And Related Considerations In The Development Of A Northwest Passage, Norman E. Larsen
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
Environmental factors which have impeded activity in the Arctic, in the past, remain significant barriers to the development of the Northwest Passage. Consequently, enormous capital as well as bilateral planning and cooperation between United States and Canadian public and private agencies will be required if significant progress is to be achieved. The resource wealth of the Arctic promises the economic incentives essential to the eventual development of a transportation system to permit exploitation of these resources. Development of a commercially feasible Northwest Passage is both economically and strategically desirable. However, immense physical and engineering problems remain to be solved.
The Impact Of Conflicting Uses Of The Coastal Zone On Naval Planning And Policy, Thomas M. Ward Jr.
The Impact Of Conflicting Uses Of The Coastal Zone On Naval Planning And Policy, Thomas M. Ward Jr.
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
A brief review of the origin of the Navy's coastal real estate holdings and a method of approach to analysis of the present conflicts of multiple use of the coastal zone isused to assess the needs for continued use of these holdingsand provide valid arguments for retention of those that are required. The study also presents a method of analysis that could provide a means for anticipating or resolving conflicting uses of Navy held real estate. The pressure created by an increasing population combined with a reduction of the armed forces necessitates a review of all Navy coastal zone property …
The Ocean Resource: A Scenario For Its Control, Ronald Poitras
The Ocean Resource: A Scenario For Its Control, Ronald Poitras
Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers
As man expands his horizons on planet earth, he is beginning to turn increasingly to the oceans as a source of resources, and at a pace commensurate with the growth of his needs and his technical ability. Traditionally the deep sea has always been a "no man's land," an unlimited source of space to be traversed and used infrequently. A scarcity of natural resources and an abundance of human extensions (i.e. technology) are together making deep ocean seclusion a thing of the past. Increasing use of a particular resource is a limited space sooner or later implies an increasing need …
Abnormal Vapor Densities, Minnie Elizabeth Rice
Abnormal Vapor Densities, Minnie Elizabeth Rice
Student and Lippitt Prize Essays
This essay questions Italian chemist Avogadro’s hypothesis about vapor densities, ultimately coming to the conclusion that Avogadro’s law is open to objection.
Determination Of Atmospheric Constituents, Ralph Ordway Brooks
Determination Of Atmospheric Constituents, Ralph Ordway Brooks
Student and Lippitt Prize Essays
Discusses the elements of the atmosphere and its researchers, including, but not limited to, Black, Priestley, Scheele, Canvendish and Lavoisier.
Tides, Robert Spink Reynolds
Tides, Robert Spink Reynolds
Student and Lippitt Prize Essays
Explores the ocean tide phenomenon and the influences on tide patterns.