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Articles 211 - 240 of 476

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Antarctic Peninsula Mysticete Whales: Conservation And Research, Gregory Schofield Stone Jan 1989

Antarctic Peninsula Mysticete Whales: Conservation And Research, Gregory Schofield Stone

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper reports original research from two recent studies in the Antarctic Peninsula area, reviews past sighting information and policies affecting mysticete whales, and recommends future research. Due to poor management by the International Whaling Commission, mysticete whales are among the most severely depleted species groups in the Antarctic. The combined total Antarctic harvest from 1920 to 19867 for blue Balaenoptera musculus, fin B. physalus, sei B. borealis, minke B. acutorostrata and humpback Megaptera novaeangliae whales was over one million animals. The effect of this hunting pressure is the dominant factor determing the present status of Antarctic …

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North Carolina Ports: A Search For Identity, Clifford S. Sharpe Jan 1989

North Carolina Ports: A Search For Identity, Clifford S. Sharpe

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

North Carolina's development in colonial times and in the early stages of statehood was greatly affected by her coastline. An abundant coastline did not translate into an abundance of good ports, in fact, difficult coastal and inland navigation hampered early commercial development. North Carolina's barrier islands and numerous inlets served as a haven for pirates in colonial days, for privateers during the Revolution, and later defied the North's blockade during the Civil War. There were several attempts by individuals to encourage maritime trade in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Shortly after World War II the state mobilized to …

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Geographical Constraints To Soviet Maritime Power, Brian Needham Jan 1989

Geographical Constraints To Soviet Maritime Power, Brian Needham

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The aim of this paper is to identify the geographical constraints to Soviet marine power, assess their impact and explore alternatives that may be considered to reduce their detrimental effects. The paper will provide a background by addressing the recent history, status and current missions of the Soviet Navy, which is the vehicle for maritime power. The nature of the geographical constraints will then be discussed before assessing individually the impacts on the four Soviet Fleets: Northern, Baltic, Black Sea, and Pacific. Finally, some alternatives will be explored to counter the vulnerability of maritime power to those geographic constraints. It …

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Mobile Deployable Bases And Ports: A Study For Interim Requirements, William Glenn Moore Jan 1989

Mobile Deployable Bases And Ports: A Study For Interim Requirements, William Glenn Moore

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Logistics is an age old problem that has been the key to the greatest victories and defeats in history. Maritime support of wartime land campaigns as well as conflicts at sea, has been the answer to that problem even as far back in history as the ancient Greek Empire. Throughout the ages however the lesson that seems to be learned and relearned, the hard way, is that of logistic support. Today the United States is faced with what, to some seems to be an overwhelming problem in logistic support overseas, particularly in the maritime transportation and support arena. The U.S. …

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Perceptions Of The Texas State And Federal Closures Among Inshore Shrimpers In Galveston Bay, Texas And Calcasieu Lake, Louisiana, Nina H. Garfield Jan 1989

Perceptions Of The Texas State And Federal Closures Among Inshore Shrimpers In Galveston Bay, Texas And Calcasieu Lake, Louisiana, Nina H. Garfield

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The inshore shrimp fisheries along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico represent a significant portion of the total shrimp harvest in the Gulf. The shrimp harvest is allocated to the offshore and inshore fisheries through the use of season closures. In 1981, the Gulf of Mexico Regional Fisheries Management Council began implementing a policy known as the Texas Closure; a seasonal closure of the waters of the Federal Conservation Zone concurrent with the traditional season closure of the state waters of Texas. One impact of the Texas Closure on the offshore fishery has been fleet displacement from Texas to …

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An Analysis Of The Academic Fleet Insurance Program, Emma Rose Dieter Aug 1988

An Analysis Of The Academic Fleet Insurance Program, Emma Rose Dieter

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The academic research fleet is experiencing an increase in the cost of operations. Some members of the fleet are feeling a dramatic rise in operational costs in the area of marine insurance and a decrease in the availability of insurance. The academic fleet is referred to as the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) fleet. It is composed of 25 ships which are operated by 18 institutions. The vessels are owned outright or operated under a charter party agreement from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The National Science Foundation and ONR are also the …

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Problems And Opportunities For The Republic Of China In Regard To Distant Water Tuna Fisheries, Chih-I Sha May 1988

Problems And Opportunities For The Republic Of China In Regard To Distant Water Tuna Fisheries, Chih-I Sha

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The extension of fishery jurisdiction out to 200 miles from the baselines used to measure the territorial sea by most of the coastal states was the dominant event in global fisheries during the decade of the 1970s. In principle, under extended jurisdiction, the coastal states have the authority to eliminate economic waste and to reduce excessive fishing pressure; on the other hand, the distant water fishing states will have to curtail their fishing activities from the traditional fishing grounds off the coastal states. The Republic of China is a typical distant water fishing state, and is seriously impacted by the …

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Extended Maritime Jurisdiction And Indonesian Fisheries Development, Hardjono Jan 1988

Extended Maritime Jurisdiction And Indonesian Fisheries Development, Hardjono

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

With the declaration of the Indonesian EEZ by Presidential Decree on 21 March 1980, Indonesia has acquired a vast area of approximately 5.8 million sq. km. of sea water and opportunity to manage and utilize fisheries resources in the new extended areas of jurisdiction. The EEZ is giving many more potential fishing resources and greater opportunities to exploit its available fishery resources with responsibilities to conserve the resources. By exercising a high degree of its authority within the EEZ, Indonesia can gain more benefits from the use of fishery resources than before the declaration. However, the benefits may not be …

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The Impact Of Public Policy On Portland's Waterfront, John G. Ferland Jan 1988

The Impact Of Public Policy On Portland's Waterfront, John G. Ferland

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In May, 1987, Portland voters approved by a 2-to-1 margin a referendum preventing non-marine development along its waterfront for at least five years. It has become clear that the vote was not just a Portland waterfront issue. To many, the vote was a statement of no confidence in growth regulations and unhappiness with the pace of development throughout the Greater Portland region. The vote illustrated that there is no consensus on Greater Portland's future. For Portland's waterfront, a lack of consensus is nothing new. Portland has debated waterfront policy in fits and starts for most of the 20th century. As …

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A Case For The Decentralization Of Tuna Management: The East Pacific Tuna Fishery, Mark Alexander Murray-Brown Jan 1988

A Case For The Decentralization Of Tuna Management: The East Pacific Tuna Fishery, Mark Alexander Murray-Brown

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The east pacific tuna fishery has been a highly controversial industry due to a variety of biological, economic and political factors. Tuna are a highly migratory species and are known to move across areas of the ocean that are claimed by different nations. The high economic value of the tuna fishery has enhanced the dispute over the positioning of many of these national boundaries. During the middle of the twentieth century international fishery organizations were created in an attempt to resolve many of the issues. The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) was created to make management recommendations to maintain the …

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Dredging Management: A Comparative Analysis Of Mid-Sized U.S. North Atlantic Ports, Matthew H. Masters Jan 1988

Dredging Management: A Comparative Analysis Of Mid-Sized U.S. North Atlantic Ports, Matthew H. Masters

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Dredging management within the states of Rhode Island, Maine and Connecticut is examined through an analysis of the ports of Providence, Portland, and New Haven. These ports were selected from a field of 30 Atlantic Coast ports through a multivariate statistical analysis, based on similarities in size, function and geography. Each port's dredging history was compiled to illustrate the frequency and magnitude of dredging activity among the three states. Pertinent state laws, regulations and policies regarding dredging and dredged material disposal were reviewed in an attempt to identify similarities and differences. It was believed that differences among each state's regulatory …

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The Relationship Between Perceptions Of Gentrification And Waterfront Revitalization Policies, Noreen Merainer Jan 1988

The Relationship Between Perceptions Of Gentrification And Waterfront Revitalization Policies, Noreen Merainer

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This thesis examines the waterfront revitalization experience in Jersey City, N.J. In particular, the issue of gentrification, as perceived by the city administration, was examined to determine its impact on current city policies. A direct relationship between perceptions of gentrification and waterfront revitalization policies is suggested based on data obtained from detailed interviews and city documents.

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Enforcement Of State Coastal Resources Management Regulations: The Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council, David W. Kaiser Jan 1988

Enforcement Of State Coastal Resources Management Regulations: The Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council, David W. Kaiser

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper examines the adequacy of the enforcement efforts of the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council (CRMC) in carrying out the rules and regulations of the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Program (CRMP). This analysis describes the Federal and State mandates and contributions to the enforcement of the Rhode Island CRMP, determines the legitimacy of the CRMC through Superior Court cases, examines CRMC enforcement activities, and determines the compliance to CRMC cease and desist orders. The research finds that the CRMC has not enforced its regulatory responsibilities well. Actual compliance to cease and desist orders was only 41%. It …

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The Dynamic Balance Between Experts And The Public In The Assessment Of Hazards: Ocean Incineration - The U.S. Experience, Sally J. Spadaro Jan 1988

The Dynamic Balance Between Experts And The Public In The Assessment Of Hazards: Ocean Incineration - The U.S. Experience, Sally J. Spadaro

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Understanding environmental threats posed as a byproduct of technology has become an important role for our federal governmental agencies. This study examined environmental hazard assessment in theory and in practice. Discussion established the unique nature of environmental hazard assessment as compared to financial or natural hazard assessment. This first section examined advantages and shortcomings of four methods to judge the tolerability of environmental hazards: Natural Baselines, Risk/Cost/Benefit Analysis, Revealed Preferences, and Expressed Preferences. The differences in perspectives between expert risk assessors and the lay public was highlighted. For the case of ocean incineration of hazardous wastes the dilemma faced by …

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An Analysis Of Offshore Safety During Oil And Gas Operations On The Outer Continental Shelf, James H. Collins Jan 1988

An Analysis Of Offshore Safety During Oil And Gas Operations On The Outer Continental Shelf, James H. Collins

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Trends in offshore fatalities and lost time accidents since the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act Amendments of 1978 need to be identified to allow an evaluation of the safety of offshore operations. Fatality and accident data between 1975 and 1985 are analyzed in the context of the Federal regulatory structure. The safety data generated for oil and gas drilling operations on the Outer Continental Shelf varies according to the source of the information. Modifications to accident reporting formats and data collection systems would benefit the offshore industry and the Government regulators in their efforts to improve operational safety. A major …

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Academically-Sponsored Coastal Research Vessels In The New England Region: An Assessment Of Current Management And Implications For The Future, Brendan B. Mcavoy Jan 1988

Academically-Sponsored Coastal Research Vessels In The New England Region: An Assessment Of Current Management And Implications For The Future, Brendan B. Mcavoy

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In New England an informal communications network exists between coastal research vessel operating institutions. Vessel scheduling and operational support has been identified as adequate for the current amount of research being conducted within the region. However, societal shift towards coastal regions is prompting an increase in attention to research within the coastal zone. Current and pending federal initiatives are responding to this increased research need. This, in turn, is beginning to impose greater demands on coastal vessel sea-time. Therefore, a strengthening of the region's inter-institutional communications network may be warranted for the future in order to better coordinate coastal research …

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Wastewater Management Alternatives For The Salt Pond Region Of Westerly, Rhode Island (With Special Emphasis On The Winnapaug Pond Watershed), John R. King Dec 1987

Wastewater Management Alternatives For The Salt Pond Region Of Westerly, Rhode Island (With Special Emphasis On The Winnapaug Pond Watershed), John R. King

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

As people move toward the coasts in growing numbers, the coastal zone is faced with ever increasing development pressures. The Town of Westerly, Rhode Island is experiencing many of the problems associated with these pressures. In order to expand a motel in the Misquamicut section of Westerly, the current owner of the property has proposed to extend city sewer lines to this area at his own cost. Afterward the line would be turned over to the town. While extension of sewer lines may relieve some local septic system failure problems, it could also spur more rapid and extensive growth. Over-development …

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United States Military Bases In The Philippines: Their Strategic Importance And Options For Relocation, William D. Barker Jun 1987

United States Military Bases In The Philippines: Their Strategic Importance And Options For Relocation, William D. Barker

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The role of the Philippine bases in augmenting the Maritime Strategy of the United States Navy's regional mission of deterrence and sea lane protection is being closely scrutinized due to a leadership change in the Philippines and possible military budget cuts at home. This study evaluates the assets of the Subic Bay Naval Station, Cubi Point Naval Air Station, and Clark Air Force Base and the support provided by these bases to Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean/Persian Gulf. In the event of a peace-time loss of the bases, options for relocation of forces are evaluated. Historical development …

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Oil Spill Liability And Compensation: A Review Of The Existing Mechanisms And A Look At The Future, Gary A. Reiter May 1987

Oil Spill Liability And Compensation: A Review Of The Existing Mechanisms And A Look At The Future, Gary A. Reiter

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study provides an examination of the existing United States Federal laws and international regimes regarding oil spill liability and compensation, and the manner in which they have been implemented by regulation and policy. The presentation concludes with discussion of and arguments concerning various proposed Federal comprehensive liability and compensation legislation. Emphasis is placed on the unsuccessful legislative proposals of the 99th Congress and the effects that similar legislation, if passed by the 100th congress, may have on current response policies and Federal and state governments. In particular, the effects of the proposed legislation on state's sovereignty and response operations …

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The Military Sealift Command: Their Potential Role In Providing Military Logistic Support To The Persian Gulf, Kevin W. Nicholas Apr 1987

The Military Sealift Command: Their Potential Role In Providing Military Logistic Support To The Persian Gulf, Kevin W. Nicholas

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The ultimate goal of the U.S. Maritime Strategy is to project power into all the oceans of the world. By projecting power over this vast a geographic area, the U.S. is able to provide a deterrent force that will inhibit the development of a significant hostile military action, anywhere in the world. The ability to support this global peacekeeping force hinges on the capability of the U.S. to provide a strong logistic support organization. From a waterborne perspective, the Indian Ocean is the one geographic area of the world that presents the greatest logistic challenge. The U.S. Navy and the …

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The Exclusive Economic Zone: The Impact Of The 1982 Law Of The Sea Treaty On Worldwide U.S. Naval Operations, John C. Meyer Jan 1987

The Exclusive Economic Zone: The Impact Of The 1982 Law Of The Sea Treaty On Worldwide U.S. Naval Operations, John C. Meyer

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The focus of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) was on the development of an international legal regime for the peaceful use of the world's oceans. The maritime powers, particularly the United States, viewed this new regime in terms of preserving traditional high seas freedom of navigation and overflight, and limiting expanding coastal state claims over their adjacent water and airspace. Developing countries, emerging from a period of decolonization, sought to enhance their security and gain economic benefit from this new legal regime, through the seaward extension of claims to jurisdiction over what …

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Products Tanker Shipping And Shipbuilding, Di Jin Jan 1987

Products Tanker Shipping And Shipbuilding, Di Jin

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

First the entire products tanker market system, including the petroleum products market, products tanker shipping market and the products tanker shipbuilding market, is introduced. The relationship among principal elements is discussed. General information about petroleum products and products tankers is described. Then, the world petroleum products market and products tanker shipping market are examined referring to 1985 Drewry report. Finally, the analysis of products tanker shipbuilding market is made by analyzing the statistics of the products tankers ordered between 1980 and 1986 according to Fairplay orderbook. Major aspects, such as flag, owner, shipbuilder, vessel tonnage, dimensions, speed and engine, are …

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Tuna Fishery In The East Central Atlantic Region: The Feasibility Of Nigeria's Participation, Aderemi Olasupo Abioye Jan 1987

Tuna Fishery In The East Central Atlantic Region: The Feasibility Of Nigeria's Participation, Aderemi Olasupo Abioye

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Tuna fishery is widely practiced in the east central Atlantic region by many fleets of different nationality. Most of the catch is taken by distant-water fleets. The new Law of the Sea convention, which gives coastal states an exclusive economic zone with outer limit of 200 miles, now allows the coastal states to make the most use of the living resources in their waters. The surplus shall be allocated to other states in the region and those traditionally fishing in the area before. Nigeria with a population of about 100 million people spends substantial foreign exchange annually on the importation …

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Study Of The Ocean Transportation Of Chemicals, Joseph A. Meyertholen Jan 1987

Study Of The Ocean Transportation Of Chemicals, Joseph A. Meyertholen

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The growth of the chemical industry over the past 30 years has contributed significantly to the increased volume of hazardous cargo transported by ocean vessel. The properties of some chemicals in commerce, particularly intermediate products, are such that their movement represents a risk to society in terms of environmental damage, bodily injury, and carcinogenic effects that may not surface for years. This study traces the development of the ocean chemical transportation system with emphasis on the technology, management and regulatory regime that has evolved to control these risks. Selected incidents involving hazardous chemical cargoes are reviewed, highlighting the industry and …

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Balancing Conservation And Development In Maryland's Coastal Zone: A Program Evaluation, James G. Turek Jan 1987

Balancing Conservation And Development In Maryland's Coastal Zone: A Program Evaluation, James G. Turek

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

An evaluation of a federal regulatory program administered by the Baltimore District Corps of Engineers (COE), governing certain development activities in Maryland's coastal zone, was conducted to (1) identify cumulative development and wetland impact outcomes that occurred over a 5-year (1981-1985) period; and (2) assess a component of the decision-making process that resulted in these outcomes. This study focuses specifically on program coordination between the COE and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to evaluate how the process has been affected by (1) programmatic changes resultant of the Reagan Administration's regulatory reform; and (2) societal demands as indicated by changes …

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Boston-Halifax Ferry Service: Capturing An Existing Market, Melissa P. Madeira Jan 1987

Boston-Halifax Ferry Service: Capturing An Existing Market, Melissa P. Madeira

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The viability of a Boston to Halifax ferry service is examined in light of the existing vehicle traffic entering that Province from the United States. The current cruise ship industry is outlined and the role which the Port of Boston plays in this market describes the Port's incentive for instituting such a ferry service. Statistics provided by the Nova Scotia Department of Tourism show that a significant volume of vehicle traffic which enters Nova Scotia originates at points in the United States which are to the south and west of Boston. The existence of this traffic supports the assumption that …

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Maritime Boundaries Between Trinidad And Tobago/Venezuela/Barbados And Grenada - Its Impact On Offshore Oil, Patty Marajh Jan 1987

Maritime Boundaries Between Trinidad And Tobago/Venezuela/Barbados And Grenada - Its Impact On Offshore Oil, Patty Marajh

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The future of the economy of Trinidad and Tobago is heavily dependent upon the exploitation of the hydrocarbon resources in its continental shelf. Trinidad's geographical proximity to the Venezuelan mainland is relevant because both states share the same continental shelf in areas not delimited by the 1942 gulf of Paria Treaty. The continental shelves of Barbados and Grenada also intersect and these areas have not been delimited and defined by any agreement. The current expansion of the exploration and exploitation of crude oil and natural gas have raised several problems within recent years. This thesis will focus attention to the …

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Alternative Federal Outer Continental Shelf Oil And Gas Leasing Procedures: Lessons From Programs In Alabama And Texas, Christopher Watson Lynch Jan 1987

Alternative Federal Outer Continental Shelf Oil And Gas Leasing Procedures: Lessons From Programs In Alabama And Texas, Christopher Watson Lynch

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study is a comparative analysis of the offshore oil and gas leasing programs of Alabama, Texas, and the Federal government. It focuses upon the legal and political, rather than resource, technological, or economic problems that have left the Federal program with a record of unmet expectations and growing frustration. The long history of turmoil that has embroiled the Federal leasing program since the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill and Arab oil crises is reviewed. The leasing and regulatory programs of Alabama, Texas, and the Federal government are outlined. Alternatives to current Federal procedures, reflecting State practices, are considered, including …

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An Analysis Of The Massachusetts Inshore Lobster Fishery, Peter Robertson Hoar Jan 1987

An Analysis Of The Massachusetts Inshore Lobster Fishery, Peter Robertson Hoar

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this thesis was to explore the limited entry alternative of fishery management by examining the history of a particular limited entry scheme: the Massachusetts inshore commercial lobster fishery license limitation law. A review was made of existing limited entry theory, followed by a description of limited entry programs extant in U.S. fisheries. The legislative and political histories of the Massachusetts lobster fishery limited entry program was then examined. The limited entry law was then analyzed by comparing what actually occurred with what is supposed to occur according to limited entry theory. A quantitative analysis of changes in …

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The Exclusive Economic Zone-Considerations For Management With Special Reference To Developing Nations, John G. Catena Jan 1987

The Exclusive Economic Zone-Considerations For Management With Special Reference To Developing Nations, John G. Catena

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Having successfully initiated and developed the legal aspects of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) the challenge which now arises for the developing coastal nations is to implement an ocean management system to more fully realize the potential benefits of extended jurisdiction. This study discusses the needs and problems developing nations may encounter in developing such a management system and also considers the ways and means to meet these needs and overcome these problems. The study suggests that coastal nations should adopt an integrated three phased ocean policy process consisting of a (1) priority establishment phase (policy formulation) (2) strategic phase …

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