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Articles 181 - 210 of 476

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Malaysia And The Law Of The Sea, Mohd Fadzil Shuhaimi Jan 1991

Malaysia And The Law Of The Sea, Mohd Fadzil Shuhaimi

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The new legal regime of the oceans has brought many changes in the Malacca Strait. The most recent one in the enactment of the Malaysian Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1984 as corollary to its proclamation on the Exclusive Economic Zone in 1980. A year later, the Fisheries Act 1985 was enacted by Malaysia as a result of increasing needs to address new issues in fisheries protection and management in the Malaysian fisheries waters. The conclusion of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, among other things, has improvised the concept of transit passage in the straits …

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The Impact Of Tourism On Block Island, Thomas Green Jan 1991

The Impact Of Tourism On Block Island, Thomas Green

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This thesis examines the impacts of tourism on the residents of Block Island. More specifically the study seeks to identify the specific areas of concern, as perceived by the residents, in three major areas of impact: economic, social and environmental. It was hypothesized that the residents of Block Island, a mature tourist destination area, had formulated perceptions of the impacts of tourism and that these perceptions, if analyzed, would identify protection of the environment and threats to the Island's lifestyle as major concerns. Factor analysis was employed to analyze survey responses from residents on questions regarding tourism on Block Island. …

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U.S. Freedom Of Navigation Program, Robert P. Girrier May 1990

U.S. Freedom Of Navigation Program, Robert P. Girrier

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

For the last decade, the United States has been engaged in "Freedom of Navigation" exercises with ships and aircraft in sea areas of disputed jurisdiction. At times these exercises have evoked armed responses from the nations concerned. What has been the purpose of these precipitous activities on the part of the u.S.? What is the legal basis for this activity, and has it served the interests of the international community or the United States? This paper will examine the elements of international law pertaining to disputes rising from territorial sea claims and their impact on passage and overflight. It will …

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Dredging In The United States, Claude R. Newton Mar 1990

Dredging In The United States, Claude R. Newton

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The original intent of this paper was to examine the role of the United States Army Corps of Engineers and their monopolistic hold on the dredging industry in the United States. How did the Corps of Engineers become the experts in this maritime environment? Why did not the Navy acquire this marine related related activity? to the naive observer, it may seem more logical to have this aspect of marine activity in the hands of the United States Navy, or even the United States Coast Guard. To have this seemingly marine activity under the control of the U.S. Army seems …

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The 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agreement: A Model Of Intergovernmental And Multi-State Cooperation In Estuary/Coastal Resource Management, John F. Faltus Jan 1990

The 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agreement: A Model Of Intergovernmental And Multi-State Cooperation In Estuary/Coastal Resource Management, John F. Faltus

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The 1980s witnessed an increased awareness of the problems of estuary and coastal water pollution. The medical waste problems of 1988 heightened public awareness of this problem and showed that coastal pollution is not just isolated but rather is a regional problem which requires regional solutions. During the 1980x the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the States of Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia worked together to forge two agreements, one in 1983, and more significantly a broader agreement in 1987, in which they agreed to work together to develop specific goals and objectives to address and solve …

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Should The Ports Of New Orleans And Mobile Be United Under A Single Port Authority, Charles E. Dorsett Jan 1990

Should The Ports Of New Orleans And Mobile Be United Under A Single Port Authority, Charles E. Dorsett

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

United States ports along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico are engaged in fierce competition among themselves to attract existing and future trade. This competition has served to force modernization and expansion of facilities in all the ports. The effort is running into the billions of dollars and there are concerns that there is too much duplication of costly facilities. The Port of New Orleans benefits from its location at the southern terminus of the Mississippi River System. Until five years ago it was the sole significant transhipment node between the nation's midsection and its customers and suppliers. In …

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Fisheries Development And Its Role For Alleviating Nutritional Deficiency In Mauritania, Dia Mamadou Abdoul Jan 1990

Fisheries Development And Its Role For Alleviating Nutritional Deficiency In Mauritania, Dia Mamadou Abdoul

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Security of food supply is one of the greatest problems that Mauritania continues to face. Fisheries development, both artisanal and industrial, has the potential of providing an increased and reliable low-cost source of animal protein and it could also help to alleviate the problems of the agricultural sector. The main focus of this paper will be upon fisheries development in Mauritania and how it may contribute to alleviating malnutrition. The examination of Mauritania's fisheries policy, the significance of the political and economic context in which fishing policy was formulated, the effects that these different policies have on Mauritania's overall development …

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An Evaluation Of Noaa's Role In Ocean Dumping Policy Implementation, Kenneth W. Barton Jan 1990

An Evaluation Of Noaa's Role In Ocean Dumping Policy Implementation, Kenneth W. Barton

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Dumping of wastes into the ocean has gone on for years especially in the New York Bight. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is mandated by Title II of the Ocean Dumping Act of 1972 to investigate the effects of ocean dumping on the marine environment. However, there is a perception within Congress, the public and other agencies that NOAA is not meeting it's responsibilities with regard to ocean dumping research. The effectiveness of NOAA's ocean dumping policies and programs and the difficulties in implementation experienced by the agency are evaluated by applying George Edwards' theory of policy implementation. …

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An Underwater Science And Resource Database Management System And Proposed Applications To Marine Geographic Information Systems, Ivar Babb Jan 1990

An Underwater Science And Resource Database Management System And Proposed Applications To Marine Geographic Information Systems, Ivar Babb

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The National Undersea Research Program (NURP) is a federally-funded program that provides scientists with modern in situ technology that allows them to conduct research that goes beyond the constraints of traditional oceanographic methodology. NURP is comprised of five regional centers that administer underwater science, and through the principal investigators that are supported generate a vast quantity of diverse data. This data and information bank consists of the following: raw environmental data, logistical data, locational data, information about the scientists, video and still photograph documentation, and publication information. This paper describes the theory behind the implementation of a Database Management System …

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The Use Of Remote Sensing Techniques And Geographic Information Systems By Coastal Managers In Rhode Island, Margaret H. Sano Jan 1990

The Use Of Remote Sensing Techniques And Geographic Information Systems By Coastal Managers In Rhode Island, Margaret H. Sano

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Planners and managers must understand the physical and anthropogenic changes taking place within the coastal zone to provide effective management. Remote sensing techniques and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are excellent tools for contributing data and analytical capabilities to identify possible conflicts within the coastal zone. This study examines the potential and actual use of these technologies by coastal managers within Rhode Island. Potential usage is discussed in terms of the range of data available and the feasibility of using the data for coastal problems. Also, GIS capabilities in Rhode Island are explored. Finally a survey designed to measure the actual …

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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: (Otec) Outlook For The Future, John M. Kroft Jan 1990

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: (Otec) Outlook For The Future, John M. Kroft

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The temperature differential between the tropical ocean surface and deep waters represents tremendous energy potential. Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems represent an environmentally sound method to extract that energy resource. Included in this paper is a review of the history of OTEC, basic thermodynamic principles involved and major components of the system. The three basic types of OTEC systems are discussed, citing the various advantages and disadvantages of each. The resource extent and possible environmental impacts are examined from the U. S. perspective. After reviewing the conflicting ocean use interest involved, comparative cost calculations of energy types, and the …

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The Canadian-American Dispute Over Dixon Entrance, Mary Kathleen Morrissey Jan 1990

The Canadian-American Dispute Over Dixon Entrance, Mary Kathleen Morrissey

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The body of water between the southern tip of Alaska's panhandle and British Columbia's Queen Charlotte islands, known as Dixon Entrance, is one of four external maritime boundaries between the United States and Canada. This particular boundary has been an area of dispute ever since it was established and settlement does not appear to be imminent. yet, this dispute continues to create poor management of fish stocks, trade disruption, feelings of frustration among fishermen of both nations, and in general, it remains a thorn in the side of United States-Canadian relations. In this paper I intend to review the history …

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Maritime Boundaries Of India - A Case Study, Piyali Talukdar Jan 1990

Maritime Boundaries Of India - A Case Study, Piyali Talukdar

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study examines the present status of the maritime boundaries of India in the context of applicable international laws related to boundary definition. As a developing nation with a long coastline and large Exclusive Economic Zone, it is important for India to define its boundary limits for better utilization and management of its marine resources. India has maritime boundaries with seven different nations; the geographical setting, political relationships and economic importances are different in each case, making each situation unique. Since appreciation of factors such as geographical, geophysical, resource potentials, etc. can help to realize the shape of the present …

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Fishermen, Dealers And The Auction System: A Case Study Of Rabo De Peixe, Sao Miguel, Azores, Carlos Teixeira Jan 1990

Fishermen, Dealers And The Auction System: A Case Study Of Rabo De Peixe, Sao Miguel, Azores, Carlos Teixeira

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This thesis presents an examination of the fish auction system in the Azores and three New England ports; Boston, New Bedford and Portland. On the island of Sao Miguel, the village of Rabo de Peixe was selected as a case study where a survey of local fishermen and dealers was conducted. Data obtained through interviews provided some insights into the socio-economic status of local fishermen and how they perceive infrastructure improvements, government support and changes in the auction system. Most importantly, an attempt is made in this study to compare the organizational and administrative aspects of U.S. auction systems in …

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Conflict Of Use At Moonstone Beach (R.I.); Nude Bathing At A National Wildlife Refuge, Marielena Scanlon Jan 1990

Conflict Of Use At Moonstone Beach (R.I.); Nude Bathing At A National Wildlife Refuge, Marielena Scanlon

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Nude bathing in the coastal zone has become a challenging issue for coastal managers. This thesis focuses on the conflicts involving public uses of a beach on a national wildlife refuge. The beach is nesting habitat for the piping plover (Charadrius melodus), a species listed as threatened on the federal Endangered Species List. The beach has also been traditionally used by nude bathers. The study consists of six parts: a brief natural history of the piping plover; management problems of federal refuges; the history and political conflicts relevant to the recreational use of this beach; an analysis of the users …

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The Impact Of The Capital Construction Fund On The Rhode Island Commercial Fishing Industry, Paul R. Helland Jan 1990

The Impact Of The Capital Construction Fund On The Rhode Island Commercial Fishing Industry, Paul R. Helland

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The impact of the Capital Construction Fund, a tax deferral program utilized for the construction of fishing vessels, is examined in the context of Rhode Island's fishing industry. It was believed that the Capital Construction Fund contributed to overcapitalization, was an incentive to purchase a vessel, and was mainly used by individuals targeting underutilized species. Indicators of capitalization such as number, size, and ages of vessels owned were gathered from the owners of vessels home-ported in Rhode Island during personal interviews. Response of those that have used the Program were separated from those who have not. A frequency analysis was …

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The Effect Of Industrial Development On The Sediment Contamination Of Apponaug Cove, A Historical Analysis, Marina Havan-Orumieh Jan 1990

The Effect Of Industrial Development On The Sediment Contamination Of Apponaug Cove, A Historical Analysis, Marina Havan-Orumieh

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Sediment cores have long been used to formulate the chronology of environmental contamination. This paper will investigate the utility of sediment cores in determining the chronology of trace metal contamination in Apponaug Cove, Rhode Island. A meter-long sediment core taken from the Cove was analyzed for chromium, copper, lead, zinc and nickel as well as organic pollutants coprostanol, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, benzotriazole and clorobenzotriazole. The core represents a close to 200 year record of sediments in Apponaug Cove. The cultural/economic changes in the Watershed in addition to environmental laws composed in the State and Federal levels which may have correlated with …

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The Case Of Rose Island: An Example Of Conflicting Goals And Competing Jurisdictions In Coastal Zone Development, Thomas James Gibson May 1989

The Case Of Rose Island: An Example Of Conflicting Goals And Competing Jurisdictions In Coastal Zone Development, Thomas James Gibson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the methods and tactics employed at the local level by all of the participants in the resolution of a controversial coastal development issue. It is the author's goal to present a case study of a proposal that had progressed at least through the local level of the approval process and study the mechanism to see if it produces a socially desirable result. Resolution of the final form that the development of Rose Island will take is no closer today than it was in the Spring of 1986, so this paper necessarily has …

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The Adjustment Of Taiwan, Roc, Fisheries To Coordinate With The Extending National Fisheries Jurisdiction, Teh-Yung Chan May 1989

The Adjustment Of Taiwan, Roc, Fisheries To Coordinate With The Extending National Fisheries Jurisdiction, Teh-Yung Chan

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The establishment by coastal states of 12-mile territorial seas and 200-mile EEZs or fisheries Conservation Zones (FCZs) has resulted in tremendous impacts on Taiwan inshore fisheries and distant-water fisheries. The ROC has to adjust its approach to fisheries in the face of the new international fisheries challenge. Through the adjusted measures, it has successfully achieved increases in her fisheries production in recent years. The purpose of this study is to examine the problems that have occurred or may occur to the Taiwan ROC fisheries industry as a consequence of the establishment of national EEZs. An area of particular concern to …

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The United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea, And Canadian Official Development Assistance, Lennox O'Riley Hinds May 1989

The United Nations Convention On The Law Of The Sea, And Canadian Official Development Assistance, Lennox O'Riley Hinds

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to examine the needs of developing states created by the 1982 U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea and the capability of the above cited Canadian aid agencies to provide needed assistance. To achieve the above objective the articles of the Third Convention of the Law of the Sea will be analyzed to establish requirements that coastal states must satisfy when the convention comes into force. Next, the mandates, policies, and programs of the aforementioned agencies will be examined to ascertain their potential to assist developing countries meet their obligations under UNCLOS III. …

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Environmental Management Planning And The Special Area Management Process, Timothy P. Dillingham Jan 1989

Environmental Management Planning And The Special Area Management Process, Timothy P. Dillingham

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Within coastal areas, growing numbers of resource users, increasingly divergent resources use demands, and loss of indigenous resources combine to exert tremendous pressures on these areas. The Narrow River is a unique estuary located on the coast of southern Rhode Island. The estuary has experienced a decline in water quality over the last 20 years, primarily attributable to poor development practices and improper disposal of on-site sewage. Increasing levels of development have begun to bring about further changes in the watershed, including alteration of scenic values, conversion and loss of wildlife habitat, additional sources of pollution inputs and increasing conflict …

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A Site-Specific Need Assessment For Ocean Incineration At The North Atlantic Incineration Site (Nais), Lynne H. Macdonald Jan 1989

A Site-Specific Need Assessment For Ocean Incineration At The North Atlantic Incineration Site (Nais), Lynne H. Macdonald

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This thesis examines the problems of hazardous wastes in the United States-and the problems their disposal present, in particular. Ocean incineration, one of the very few methods available to destroy many highly toxic wastes, is presented as a viable, necessary means to destroy liquid organochlorine wastes. Next, the international and federal regulations governing ocean incineration and the current status of ocean incineration in the United States are reviewed. A site-specific assessment for determining the need for ocean incineration is developed as an alternative to the two currently contended approaches (nationwide versus permit-by-permit need assessments). This site-specific need assessment evaluates the …

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Enforcement In The Exclusive Economic Zone: Harmonizing National Legislation With Special Reference To Asean States, Rayner Stuel Galid Jan 1989

Enforcement In The Exclusive Economic Zone: Harmonizing National Legislation With Special Reference To Asean States, Rayner Stuel Galid

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The 1982 Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provides only broad guidelines for many matters. One such area is in the provision of enforcement rights to the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Thus, the specifics have to be worked out by the concerned nations in their domestic legislation. This expansive latitude may occasion the lack of uniformity in coastal States' EEZ laws and regulations. These different legislation may foster incompatible enforcement policies on the part of the coastal States which in turn may cause international friction. Harmonization of laws is the deliberate alignment …

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Intergovernmental Relations And Ocs Oil And Gas Development, Gretchen Honan Jan 1989

Intergovernmental Relations And Ocs Oil And Gas Development, Gretchen Honan

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Oil and gas exploration and development in federal waters off the coast of California have been a source of conflict between federal and state governments for a number of years. More recently local governments and local citizenry have joined in the battle to prevent development of outer continental shelf (OCS) oil and gas reserves. Between 1985 and 1986 the passage of thirteen local land use initiatives prohibiting or requiring voter approval of onshore facilities to service offshore platforms occurred. These initiatives reflect growing local dissatisfaction with the present legislative structure governing OCS development. From their perspective the existing OCS development …

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The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty, Susan Ware Jan 1989

The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty, Susan Ware

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty was opened for signature on August 5, 1985, on the 40th Anniversary of the Bombing of Hiroshima. The Treaty prohibits Party states from controlling or assisting in the manufacture of nuclear explosive devices and from allowing devices not in their control stationing within their territory or land space. The Protocols to the Treaty enjoin the nuclear weapon sates and the states with territories within the Zone to adhere to the principles of the Treaty and to refrain from control or use of any nuclear explosive devices within the Zone. The principle concern of …

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Formulation Of A Management Scheme For The Swordfish Fishery Of The Eastern Caribbean, Harold F. Upton Jan 1989

Formulation Of A Management Scheme For The Swordfish Fishery Of The Eastern Caribbean, Harold F. Upton

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

During the 1983 season, two U.S. longline vessels initiated the first attempts at the commercial exploitation of swordfish in the Eastern Caribbean. In 1986, the number of U.S. vessels participating in the fishery surpassed 40 with landings of nearly two million pounds per season. The sudden influx of participants and technology to the region has resulted in a variety of user conflicts and associated policy issues. Major areas of concern involve the conservation of a heavily exploited resource and the distribution of benefits which accrue from resource exploitation among the resource-adjacent island states and U.S. fishing operations. This study examines …

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Socioeconomic Aspects Of Small-Scale Commercial Fisheries Development In The Republic Of The Marshall Islands, Cheryl Ann Mandich Jan 1989

Socioeconomic Aspects Of Small-Scale Commercial Fisheries Development In The Republic Of The Marshall Islands, Cheryl Ann Mandich

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study examines the sociocultural aspects of fishery development in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. It is based upon field research conducted through interviews with indigenous fisherfolk, business people, and expatriates. The Marshall Islands were selected because they have a limited economic base, yet have abundant fishery resources which have considerable potential to generate foreign exchange. Many studies focus on the technical aspects of fishery resource development. However, none address the sociocultural factors that influence its success. This thesis demonstrates that several aspects of Marshallese fishing society, some of which correspond to characteristics of the peasantry identified by Rogers …

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A Less-Polluted Future For Boston Harbor?: Assessing Selected Impacts Of A Citizen Information Program, Enid Carol Kumin Jan 1989

A Less-Polluted Future For Boston Harbor?: Assessing Selected Impacts Of A Citizen Information Program, Enid Carol Kumin

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The demand for good public information is a need which many environmental groups are now attempting to fill. Programs are generally designed around a particular environmental issue. One such effort is the Boston Harbor "Sewer Tour" Program run by 'Save the Harbor/Save the Bay' in Boston, Massachusetts. The Sewer Tour Program addresses matters of water pollution control in the Metropolitan Boston area. The present study examines the impact of the Sewer Tour Program on participants and spillover effects on their communities. A mailed survey is used to collect the data. A framework for data analysis is drawn from psychological research …

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Stormwater Quality Management In Rhode Island, Elizabeth A. Scott Jan 1989

Stormwater Quality Management In Rhode Island, Elizabeth A. Scott

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study documents the threat that uncontrolled "urban" stormwater runoff poses to surface water quality and the inadequacy of existing regulations governing land use development in preventing further water quality degradation resulting from "urban" runoff. The study applies recent research findings from the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program and the experience of other state regulatory programs in evaluating management alternatives and proposing a strategy for Rhode Island. The documented impacts of "urban" stormwater runoff on water quality, including excesses in criteria for copper, lead, and coliform, and eutrophication, support the need for stormwater quality management. This need is made more evident …

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Sewage Discharge By Recreational Boats In R.I. Coastal Waters, Maureen E. Eldredge Jan 1989

Sewage Discharge By Recreational Boats In R.I. Coastal Waters, Maureen E. Eldredge

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Federal legislation regulating sewage from recreational boats has existed since 1972 (The Clean Water Act). Since that time the regulations have failed to prevent untreated sewage from boats from being discharged into the Nation's waterways. This has caused conflicts over water quality, particularly in shellfish growing areas. The regulatory system which exists to regulate sewage from recreational boats was analyzed for nine sources of possible regulatory failure. Seven of the nine were found to be operating. They include, lack of technology, lack of enforcement, lack of issue salience, negative attitudes on the part of the boaters, the economics of compliance, …

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