Organic Chemistry Commons^™

Analysis Of Ammunition By X-Ray Fluorescence, Michael W. Rapp, Teddy L. Townsend

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Nondestructive analysis of lead shotgun pellets by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) shows considerable promise in assignment of the identity of the ammunition source. X-ray fluorescence spectra of various shotgun pellets and of standard alloys were obtained using an energy-dispersive instrument and an Am-241 source. The correlation obtained between the precent antimony in the standard alloys and the intensity of the Ka fluorescence peak from antimony was excellent. Peak areas from antimony in shotgun pellets were measured and compared to calibration plots from the standard alloys. The method was capable of distinguishing among lead-based alloys, such as ammunition, with antimony content as …

Reaction Of Titanocene Dichloride With Acetylenedicarboxylate, Tanya L. Hagler, Mark Draganjac, Paul M. Nave, J. Ed Bennett, Farooq Kahn, Robert Engelken, Gerard Williams, Chris Poole, Kwok Fai Yu

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The reaction of Cp2TiCl2 with either the mono- or dipotassium salt of acetylenedicarboxylic acid (ADC) gives high yields of an insoluble orange product. The insoluble compound shows potential semiconductor behavior, as evidenced by an apparent bandgap in the orange region of the visible spectrum. Under N2 ,the compound decomposes at 238° C, eventually losing approximately 46% total mass up to 1350° C. The exothermic decomposition in air, beginning at 235° C, results in the formation of titanium oxides.

Boron Phosphate And Aluminum Phosphate Aerogels, David A. Lindquist, Steven M. Poindexter, Sterling S. Rooke, D. Ritchie Stockdale, Kirk B. Babb, Alison L. Smoot, William E. Young

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Anhydrous sol-gel condensation of triethyl phosphate [(CH3CH2O)3PO] with boron trichloride (BCL3 ) or triethyl aluminum [(CH3CH2 ) 3A1] in organic solvents, led to formation of metallophosphate gels. The pore fluid of the gels was removed under supercritical conditions in a pressurized vessel to form aerogels. The aerogels were then calcined at progressively higher temperatures to produce high surface area phosphates. Since the initial gel reagent mixtures contained several NMR active nuclei, the condensation chemistry prior to the gel point was monitored by solution nB NMR. The surface areas, distribution of pore sizes, and total pore volumes of the aerogel products …

Hammett Correlations Of Half-Wave Reduction Potentials In A Series Of N-(Aryl Substituted)-Dichloronicotinamides, Cecil C. Persons, Ali U. Shaikh, Julie Shiflett, Frank L. Setliff

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Excellent correlations of Hammett substituent constants (sigmaR) of a series of N-(R-substituted aryl) -2,6-, 2,5-, and 5,6- dichloronicotinamides with polarographic half-wave potentials were observed. Although the correlations demonstrate that all three series of amides experience comparable sensitivity to the R groups at the carbonyl reduction site, the relative ease of reduction varies according to the chlorine substitution pattern on the pyridine ring. These differences are suggested to be due to combinations of mesomeric, inductive, and field effects which operate differently in the three systems. Correlation analysis also revealed that Hammett heteroatomic replacement constants previously determined by NMR studies are valid …

Ultrasound Assisted Oxidative Cleavage Of Alpha-Keto, Alpha-Hydroxy And Alpha-Halo Ketones By Superoxide, Yi Hong Cao, A. Toland, Dominic T.C. Yang

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Development Of New Methods For Coal Sulfer Forms & Sulfur In Ash Determination, Robert Forsythe

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The development of new procedures to determine the amount and/or types of sulfur in coal and coal products is an ongoing process for coal scientists This development is driven by the problems and inconveniences of the current ASTM methods In this thesis, the work done at Western Kentucky University in the development of two new sulfur determination procedures will be described. The first procedure can be used as an alternative method for coal sulfur forms analysis with results comparable to the ASTM method. This procedure involves heating the coal samples at 365°C and 440°C for thirty minutes to selectively remove …

The Isolation And Identification Of Polyphenolics From Grape Seeds And Their Activity Towards Specific Cell Lines, Joseph A. Reddy

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Grape seed extract is being marketed in France for cardiovascular use and skin care. The active constituents of both these drugs are certain polyphenols called procyanidins. A similar seed extract has now been obtained from Virginia Chardonnay grape seeds. Ten of the major components in this extract have been isolated in their pure form by the semi-preparative HPLC separation on a YMC ODS-AQ (Octadecylsilane-AQ) column. The ODS-Aq column has been shown to have a better resolving capacity compared to the Spherisorb ODS (Octadecylsilane) column previously described in the literature. This has been attributed to the ODSAQ support which has both …

The Cytotoxic Effect Of Tropical Plants On Human And Rat Hepatoma Cells, Mark Tafazoli

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.

Investigation Of Electron Transfer From Carbonylmetallate Anions To Electron Acceptors, Joseph Kofi Agyin

Masters Theses

This study investigated electron transfer potential of the carbonyl-metallate anions cyclopentadienylirondicarbonyl and methylcyclopentadienyliron-dicarbonyl anions to the electron acceptors 2,2-dinitropropane, 1,1-dinitrocyclohexane, $\alpha$,p-dinitrocumene, methyl cyclopentadienyl-mercury(II) chloride and iodide.

The findings from this study indicated that: (a) the expected products could not be obtained from reactions of the anions with the dinitro-substrates, and (b) the mercurials reacted with the anions but the expected products, (ferrocene and methylferrocene), was the minor product and an unexpected (methyl) cyclopentadienylirondicarbonylmercury(II)-chloride or iodide was the major product.

Suppression Of The Oxidation Of S(Iv) In Rainwater, David M. Chittenden Ii

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Microscale Preparation Of Pyrocatechol: The Use Of Sodium Percarbonate In The Dakin Reaction, T. Evans Yamazaki, Dominic T.C. Yang

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Determination Of Hammett Pyridine 3-Aza And 4-Aza Replacement Constants By 1h Nmr Studies Of Amide Systems, Frank L. Setliff, Nikhil G. Soman, Alan D. Toland

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Values for Hammett pyridine 3-aza and 4-aza replacement constants were obtained by correlation of the amide proton chemical shifts (in DMSO) of some N-(3-pyridyl)-and N-(4-pyridyl)-dichloronicotinamides, benzamides and acetamides with those of their N-(substituted phenyl) amide analogs using standard Hammett a values

Rapid Reduction Of Nitrate Ion In Rain Water, David M. Chittenden Ii

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Of Symmetric And "Mixed-Ligand" Homocyclopentadienyl Ruthenocenes, John Adjeiku Amanfu

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Viscosities Of Vegetable Oils And Fatty Acids, Hossein Noureddini, B. C. Teoh, L. Davis Clements

Papers in Biomaterials

Data for viscosity as a function of temperature from 24 to 110°C (75 to 230°F) have been measured for a number of vegetable oils (crambe, rapeseed, corn, soybean, milk- coconut, lesquerella) and eight fatty acids in the from Cg to CZZ The viscosity measurements were performed according to ASTM test methods D 445 and D 446. Several correlations were fitted to the experimental data. Correlation constants for the best fit are presented. The range of temperature in which the correlations are valid is from 24°C (75°F), or the melting point of the substance, to 110°C (230°F). The correlation constants are …

Synthesis Of Organometallic Polymers, Po-Chang Chiang

Masters Theses

By the middle of the nineteenth century, organic chemists found high molecular weight compounds as by-products of some of their experiments. These compounds were thought of as products of a failed reaction. It was not until sixty years ago that the first polymers were deliberately synthesized. Today polymers are used in almost every facet of life and they are becoming more important with each passing day.

This research project focused on synthesizing conducting organometallic polymers. By linking aromatic rings with transition metals, the resultant polymers should have good electrical conductivity because of the interaction of (a) the p electrons on …

Reactions Of Dicarbonyl Compounds With Wittig & Wittig-Horner Reagents, Sadiah Eltayeb Makky

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Biodegradation Of Crude Oil By Marine Higher Fungi, Brian J. Dyer

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Four experiments were performed to determine the ability of marine higher fungi to grow in and degrade crude oil. Eight species, previously determined to be hydrocarbonoclastic, were grown in artificial sea water medium (ASM) and southern Louisiana crude oil. The dry mycelial weights were measured and consumption of crude oil was measured gravimetrically. The two species with the best growth, Corollospora maritima and Zalerion maritimum, were grown in ASM containing crude oil spiked with three known hydrocarbons. To this was added glucose (0.15%) and incubated 49 days to test for possible cometabolism of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons remaining in the growth …

Hammett Correlations In The 1H Nmr Spectra Of Some N-Arlydihalonicotinamides, Frank L. Setliff, Nikhil G. Soman, Jody Z. Caldwell, Debra L. Rogers

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Excellent linear correlations of amide proton chemical shifts (Snh) (in DMSO-d6 ) with Hammett substituent constants (5) for a series of 4-substituted anilides of four dihalonicotinic acid systems were observed. Dihalonicotinanilides with chlorine in the pyridine 2 - position exhibited a more positive slope in a Hammett plot of S^H vs - aR- where R is the substituent in the 4 position of the benzene ring. This observation is explained in terms of the inductive effect of chlorine which results in a slightly more acidic amide proton, which in turn causes an enhanced hydrogen bonding tendency to solvent. Four disubstituted …

1-Ferrocenyl-1-Cyclopropyl Cation: The First Long-Lived Cyclopropyl Cation, G. K.Surya Prakash, Herwig Buchholz, V. Prakash Reddy, Armin De Meijere, George A. Olah

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

New Reaction Conditions For The Synthesis Of Wieland-Miescher Ketone, Jonathan J. Bates

Presidential Scholars Theses (1990 – 2006)

Natural products chemistry is a very important field of chemistry to chemists, biochemists, and biologists. The ability to synthesize a naturally occurring chemical in the laboratory is necessary for some experiments. Often it is difficult to isolate a large quantity of a compound from its natural source when needed for certain experiments. Established procedures for artificial synthesis of this compound can produce higher yields. Sometimes, the function of a natural product is tested by observing the behavior of analogues in the same biological system. The differences in behavior can be related to differences in structure . Since such analogues are …

Model For The Co Poisoning Of Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts. Synthesis And Structure Of {Ru(Co)[Pph2sc12h7)]2cl2}.2ch2br2, Mark Draganjac, Thomas B. Rauchfuss, Arnold L. Rheingold

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The treatment of {Ru[(PPh2SC12H7)]2Cl2} with CO at ambient conditions results, after work up, in the isolation of the monocarbonylated species {Ru(CO)[(PPh2SC12H7)]2Cl2}, I. Crystals of I(C51H38Br4Cl20P2RuS2; F.W. = 1284.6) are triclinic; Ppa= 11.587(3), b = 13.010(4), c = 17.309(4) A, a = 93.32(2)°, p = 106.51(2)°, y = 91.29(2)°; Z= 2; V=2495(1) A';d^,. = 1.709 gem 1 X(MoKa) = 0.71073 A, = 37.7 cm 1 ;R =0.0748; Rw = 0.0714 for 4141 unique reflections. The geometry about the Ru(II) center is pseudooctahedral, with the phosphine ligands in the trans configuration. The Ru-S bond distance is 2.425(3) A.

4-Substituted Anilides Of 2,6- And 5,6- Dichlorolicotinic Acid. Potential Agricultural Agents, Frank L. Setliff, Nikhil G. Soman

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A series of 4-substituted anilides of 2,6- and 5,6 dichloronicotinic acid were prepared. The acids were first converted to their acid chlorides, which were in turn treated with the appropriate 4-substituted aniline in chloroform. A total of 16 anilides was thus prepared, and their structures confirmed. These compounds were prepared for testing as possible herbicidal, pesticidal or fungicidal agents

Scf-Mo And Monte Carlo Calculations Of Poly (Dimethylsiloxane), Shannon H. Brownfield, Jerry A. Darsey

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Self-consistent-field molecular orbital calculations are being used more and more extensively in determining the energies and properties of various confirmations of polymers. We are using the semi-quantum mechanical procedure MNDO (moderate neglect of differential overlap) to obtain various rotational conformations states of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Before calculation of these states, the molecule is geometrically optimized by using the ab initio procedure Guassian 86 at the 3-21G basis set level. Generations of 144 rotational states by rotating about two bonds simultaneously in increments of 30° were created. A potential energy surface was created from which Monte Carlo generated several polymer characteristics including …

The Synthesis Of Chiral Building Blocks Using Beta-Hydroxy Sulfoxide Dianions, Carla M. Edwards

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Reductive Cleavage Of Cyclopentadienylmanganese Tricarbonyl, Mani S. Iyer

Masters Theses

Since the isolation of ferrocene in 1951, it has been shown to behave like benzene and may be acylated, sulfonated, metalated, and arylated. Like benzene, it also resists hydrogenation.

Daniel Trifan and Louis Nicholas (1957) were the first to show that ferrocene can be smoothly degraded by lithium and ethylamine. The isolation of free cyclopentadienyl ion on hydrolysis of the reaction mixture indicates that the cleavage leads initially to cyclopentadienyl lithium salt. A similar procedure applied to cyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl also resulted in the formation of cyclopentadienyl lithium salt. This, when added to ferrous chloride, gave ferrocene. This technique can be …

Reactions Of Aqueous Chlorine With Valine In Model Solutions And In Wastewater, Erika Forrer Mccormick

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Solutions of the amino acid valine were chlorinated to seven chlorine-to-nitrogen mole (Cl/N) ratios and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The chlorination products found were N-chlorovaline, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyronitrile, and N-chloroisobutyraldimine. Their product distribution depends on the level of chlorination and pH. The main products identified at the lower CI/N mole ratios were N-chlorovaline and isobutyraldehyde, whereas at the higher CI/N mole ratios isobutyronitrile and N-chloroisobutyraldimine were identified as the main products. The concentration and the chlorination products of valine in municipal wastewater were also determined. The chlorination products of …

Micellar Catalysis Of Hydrolysis Of Substituted Hydroxamic Acids With Perfluorooctanoic Acid, Zhongyuan He

Masters Theses

The work demonstrated the effects of differently located and substituted phenyl groups, as well as aliphatic groups in the hydroxamic acids, on micellar catalysis with perfluorooctanoic acid as the reactive counterion surfactant in aqueous acetonitrile solution.

Kinetic rate constant-surfactant concentration profiles for the decano-, 2,5-dimethylphenylaceto-, 4-isopropylphenylaceto-, 4-phenylbutano-, and 6-phenyl-hexanohydroxamic acids were examined and analysis on the data obtained were reported.

The pseudo-phase ion exchange (PPIE) model has been satisfactorily applied to explain the observed micellar effects.

Further investigation into more appropriately substituted hydroxamic acids is suggested in order to obtain a more complete set of data and further evaluation.

A Study Of The Reactions Of P-Dipiperidino Benzene And Its Synthesis From 1,4-Dicyano-1,4-Dipiperidinocyclohexane, Ilias Konstantinos Dorziotis

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Following a classical synthesis of PCP² Williams attempted to prepare l,4-diphenyl-1,4-dipiperidino cyclohexane 4¹ . This approach involved the preparation of 1,4- dicyano-1,4-dipiperidinocyclohexane 7 and the subsequent decyanation of the compound with phenylmagnesium bromide to produce 4. This attempt failed, however, as only the monophenylated product, 8, was thought to be obtained. This product had unique reactivity, producing a blue intermediate upon treatment with halogen in both aqueous and non aqueous media. The same intermediate was produced upon irradiation of a chloroform solution of this product with sunlight or UV light in a UV chamber, with the …

The Effect Of Nitrogen On Pastures And Subsequent Sheep Production., L. Cransberg

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 89MT1

Location: Mt Barker Research Station

To measure the effect of autumn/winter application on:

1. Pasture growth rates and composition

2. Sheep production using pregnant/lacting ewes.

Trial 89KA6

Management systems for sheep.

Location: Kojonup

To measure the effects of set stocking and strip (rotation) grazing on:

1. Pasture production, composition and quality.

2. Sheep production (liveweight, condition score, wool growth rate, fibre diameter strength and vegetable matter contamination).