Organic Chemistry Commons^™

Water Purification Through Ion Exchange, Brittany Webb

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

Water purification through ion exchange is the process of removing undesired contaminates from water through the exchange of ions between two electrolytes. Clinoptilolite is used as an exchange site.

Basic Features Of A Cell Electroporation Model: Illustrative Behavior For Two Very Different Pulses, Reuben S. Son, Kyle C. Smith, Thiruvallur R. Gowrishankar, P. Thomas Vernier, James C. Weaver

Bioelectrics Publications

Science increasingly involves complex modeling. Here we describe a model for cell electroporation in which membrane properties are dynamically modified by poration. Spatial scales range from cell membrane thickness (5 nm) to a typical mammalian cell radius (10 μm), and can be used with idealized and experimental pulse waveforms. The model consists of traditional passive components and additional active components representing nonequilibrium processes. Model responses include measurable quantities: transmembrane voltage, membrane electrical conductance, and solute transport rates and amounts for the representative "long" and "short" pulses. The long pulse-1.5 kV/cm, 100 μs-evolves two pore subpopulations with a valley at ~5 …

Advances In Functionalized Ionic Liquids As Reagents And Scavengers In Organic Synthesis, Manoj Kumar Muthyala, Kavya Velisetti, Keykavous Parang, Anil Kumar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Functionalized ionic liquids (FILs) synthesized with specific desired chemical properties have shown promising results in various areas of organic synthesis. In supported organic synthesis, FILs have become known as a new alternative to commonly used PEG and fluorous soluble supports. This review summarizes the progress of recent development in the synthesis of functionalized ionic liquids with emphasis on their applications as reagents and scavengers in organic synthesis.

Is Your Wine Breathing Too Much?, Madison L. Cooper

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster compares two studies on oxygen concentration in wine, one by Dr. Milena Lambri and the other by Nikolaos Kontoudakis. This is a poster for the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College

How Environmental Conditions Affect Cattle Diets, Kalynne R. Ewerks

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, outlines a study that shows that protein content in animal feed is decreased by increased temperatures and briefly identifies measures that might be taken to counteract an impact on food supply.

Murchison Chondrite, Marisol Chirinos

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

Murchson Chondrite is a carbonaceous meteorite that fell in a small town called Murchson in Victoria, Australia, on September 28, 1969. It is believed to be one of the most primitive meteorites to fall on earth. Amino acides found in Murchison differ in structures from amino acids found on Earth. While the carbon atom in the carboxylic acid and amion group of biological terrestrial amino acids have a hydrogen atom attached to it, the Murchison's amino acids have a methyl group instead.

Spectroscopic Characterization Of Dissolved Organic Matter: Insights Into The Linkage Between Sources And Chemical Composition, Xiaoyan Cao

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation investigated the chemical structure of DOM by advanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) techniques, as well as isotopic measurements and UV-visible spectroscopy, to shed light on the linkages between DOM sources and DOM composition. Unique and extensive sets of DOM samples studied here were isolated from various aquatic systems, covering end-member environments in which DOM is considered either microbially derived or terrestrially derived, and areas in which DOM has characteristics intermediate between the two end members. Important insights into specific site-related questions were also gained such as …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Sugar Based Low Molecular Weight Gelators And The Preparation Of Chiral Sulfinamides, Hari Prasad Reddy Mangunuru

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) have received considerable attention in the field of chemistry from last few decades. These compounds form self-assembled fibrous networks like micelles, cylindrical, sheets, fibers, layers and so on. The fibrous network entraps the solvent and forms gel, because of the self-assembly phenomenon and their demonstrated potential uses in a variety of areas, ranging from environmental to medicinal applications.

Sugars are good starting materials to synthesize the new class of LMWG's, because these are different from some expensive materials, these are natural products. We have synthesized and characterized the LMGS's based on D-glucose and D …

Synthesis Of Peptide-Α-Phenylthioesters Using A Solid Support With A Photoreactive Nitroindoline Moiety, Andrew Pardo

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Peptide-alpha-phenylthioesters are particularly reactive starting materials for Native Chemical Ligation. Here we present a new photochemical method for the synThesis of peptide-alpha-phenylthioesters under neutral reaction conditions with various C-terminal amino acids. The peptides were synthesized by Fmoc strategy on Sieber amide resin with a photoreactive nitroindoline linker. After cleavage of the photoreactive and fully protected peptide from the beads with dilute trifluoroacetic acid an auxiliary nucleophile such as N-hydroxybenzotriazole or N-hydroxysuccinimide is used to photochemically generate the activated peptide ester in situ. Then thiophenol is introduced in the dark. This new method enabled us to synthesize peptide-alpha-phenylthioesters up to 21 …

Ru/C: A Simple Heterogeneous Catalyst For The Amination Of Azoles Under Ligand Free Conditions, K. Harsha Vardhan Reddy, B. S.P. Anil Kumar, V. Prakash Reddy, R. Uday Kumar, Y. V.D. Nageswar

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

A ligand free Ru/C-catalyzed amination of 2-halo azoles with a broad scope of aminating reagents has been developed. A variety of 2-aminoazole derivatives were synthesized in moderate to good yields by utilizing this protocol. The methodology is operationally simple and not sensitive to air and moisture. It provides potentially useful products by using an inexpensive and recyclable catalytic system under ligand free conditions without significant loss of its catalytic activity up to four cycles. This journal is

Science Classics, Mark Masthay

Chemistry Faculty Publications

An essay on the impact of the works in the Imprints and Impressions: Milestones in Human Progress, an exhibition of rare books from the collection of Stuart Rose. Exhibition was held Sept. 29-Nov. 9, 2014, at the University of Dayton.

Electronic Effects In Oxidation Reactions Utilizing Dinuclear Copper Complexes With The Bis[3-(2-Hydroxybenzylideneamino)Phenyl] Sulfone Ligand, Armando M. Guidote Jr, Ronald L. Reyes, Riyo Kashihara, Yasuhiko Kurusu, Yoshihiro Masuyama

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Copper acetate and the ligands bis[3-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylideneamino)phenyl] sulfone and bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)phenyl] sulfone were reacted to form the complexes with 2:1 copper:ligand ratio, Cu2[B(t-Bu) (OMe)BAPS](µ-OCH3)2 (4) and with 2:2 copper:ligand ratio, Cu2[B(t-Bu)2BAPS]2 (5), respectively. Structures of 4 and 5 were determined based on IR, UV-Vis, and FAB-MS data in comparison with previously characterized related copper complexes. The two complexes 4 and 5 were utilized in the oxidation of the substrates 2,4- and 2,6-di-tertbutylphenol (dtbp) at -50C with H2O2 in CH2Cl2. The coupling products are preferred in both cases. For 2,4-dtbp, yields of 4,600% and 7,200% of 3,3’,5,5’-tetra-tert-butyl-2,2’- biphenol were achieved with the use …

Low Speed Current Bearing Anti-Force Waves, M. Hemmati, W. P. Childs, H. Shojaei, H. Morris

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

For theoretical investigation of electrical breakdown of a gas, we apply a one-dimensional, steady profile, constant velocity, three-component (electrons, ions and neutral particles) fluid model. Our fluid model consists of the equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy, coupled with the Poison’s equation. The set of equations is referred to as the electron fluid dynamical equations (EFD). This investigation involves breakdown waves with a substantial current behind the wave front, and waves for which the electric field force on electrons is in the opposite direction of the wave propagation (anti-force waves – lightning return stroke). Therefore, the set of …

The Synthesis Of A Bisbenzothiophene (Bbt) Based Organic Semiconductor With Increased Function And Increased Solubility, Mary England

Senior Honors Theses

Organic semiconductors are growing in applications for use in modern technology.¹ The main interest in these molecules can be attributed to their low cost (compared to silicon) and their ability to be used on flexible substrates. There are four features that make a good organic semiconductor. First, the molecule should be conjugated, having alternating single and double bonds (lone electron pairs act similarly to double bonds). Secondly, the molecule should be planar, or flat, in shape. Thirdly, the molecule should have a narrow band gap to increase the overall conductivity. Lastly, the molecule should be soluble to ease application. …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Fluorophores For The Detection Of Lanthanides And Actinides, Robinson I. Roacho

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

A series of fluorophores based in the boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) family were synthesized and characterized. These fluorophores have the capacity of being introduced to a carbamoyl methyl phosphine oxide (CMPO) lanthanide/actinide extractant. These blue, green and red emission fluorophores show high thermal/moisture stability and high fluorescence efficiencies. The fluorescence intensity seems to be dependent on the restricted rotation about the C(8)-C bond in 8-Ph-BODIPY. By taking advantage of this feature, a hydroxyl- containing BODIPY with high fluorescence intensity was synthesized to be incorporated to a CMPO carboxylic acid via esterification. Unfortunately, we did not observe an optical response upon the …

Isomerase Activity Of Candida Rugosa Lipase In Conversion Of Racemic Ibuprofen To (S)-Ibuprofen, Saideh Sadat Mortazavi

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The Candida rugosa lipase-catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of racemic ibuprofen methyl ester was optimal at pH 7.6 to produce (S)-ibuprofen in 72 hours. The concentration of various buffers for these reactions ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 M. The commercial lipase was found to be acidic altering the final pH of the reaction mixtures. Dimethylformamide co-solvent maintained the reaction pH better than dimethylsulfoxide, with evidence of the latter functioning as an oxidizing agent. Lower concentrations of ibuprofen methyl ester and higher stirring rates led to faster conversions. The minimal amount of lipase needed was 20 mg/mL buffer. Reaction of (R)-ibuprofen methyl …

Investigations Towards Synthesis Of Cinnamaldehyde Semicarbazone Derivatives And Their Photochromicity By Modifying The Ring, The Linker, And The Semicarbazone, Xiao Xiao

Masters Theses

Cinnamaldehyde semicarbazone was varied in three ways, by altering the ring, the conjugated linker, and the semicarbazone, to investigate how changing the structure affects the photochomicity. The synthesis of 7 hetero- and 2 polycyclic- aromatic semicarbazone variants involved three steps, (a Wittig reaction, hydrolysis, and condensation to the semicarbazone) with cumulative yields of 15% to 52%. Generally, the pyridine series gave lower yields than other synthesized semicarbazones. The Wittig reaction gave cis/trans mixtures in ratios of 2 : 1 to 1 : 7 for the 6 acetals, except for the 3 that went directly to the aldehyde, due to the …

Electrode And Electrolyte Additives For Lifetime Extension In Lithium-Ion Batteries, Kishore Anand Narayana

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most commonly used type of rechargeable batteries with a global market estimated at $11 billion, which is predicted to grow to $60 billion by 2020. The global commercialization of Li-ion batteries is impeded by issues such as poor cycle life (5000 cycles achieved in some LIBs) in high energy and power density applications because of the rising internal resistance due to aging and safety concerns such as overcharge which ultimately leads to thermal runaway and explosions. A battery’s performance mainly depends on external factors such as electrode thickness and degree of compacting, and the type …

Visible-Light Photocatalyzed Cross-Linking Of Diacetylene Ligands By Quantum Dots To Improve Their Aqueous Colloidal Stability, Marion G. Götz, Hiroko Takeuchi, Matthew J. Goldfogel, Julia M. Warren, Brandon D. Fennel, Colin D. Heyes

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Ligand cross-linking is known to improve the colloidal stability of nanoparticles, particularly in aqueous solutions. However, most cross-linking is performed chemically, in which it is difficult to limit interparticle cross-linking, unless performed at low concentrations. Photochemical cross-linking is a promising approach but usually requires ultraviolet (UV) light to initiate. Using such high-energy photons can be harmful to systems in which the ligand–nanoparticle bond is fairly weak, as is the case for the commonly used semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Here, we introduce a novel approach to cross-link thiolated ligands on QDs by utilizing the photocatalytic activity of QDs upon absorbing visible …

Evaluating N-Benzylgalactonoamidines As Putative Transition State Analogs For Β-Galactoside Hydrolysis, Qui-Hua Fan, Susanne Striegler, Rebekah Langston, James Barnett

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Experimental evidence is provided for p-methylbenzyl-D-galactonoamidine to function as a true transition state analog for the enzymatic hydrolysis of aryl-β-D-galactopyranosides by β-galactosidase (A. oryzae). The compound exhibits inhibition constants in the low nanomolar concentration range (12–56 nM) for a selection of substrates. Along these lines, a streamlined synthetic method based on phase-transfer catalysis was optimized to afford the required variety of new aryl-β-D-galactopyranosides. Last, the stability of the galactonoamidines under the assay conditions was confirmed.

Investigations Into The Fluorescent Covalent Labeling Of Biomolecules Utilizing Rhodamine Dyes, Electrophilic Leaving Groups And Mrna Display., Susan D. Selaya

Theses and Dissertations

The discovery of a method by which proteins of interest can selectively be labeled with a probe of choice intracellularly is a longstanding goal in chemical biology research. Conventional labeling techniques have utilized large domain tags but despite the development of small labeling molecules there have been no short peptide sequences known to covalently label a small molecule without the aid of an enzymatic process or metal chelation. We aimed to find a sequence of nucleophilic peptides that reacted covalently and specifically with electrophilic small labeling molecules using mRNA display. Our goal was to show that an electrophilic small labeling …

Probing The Human Estrogen Receptor-Α Binding Requirements For Phenolic Mono- And Di-Hydroxyl Compounds: A Combined Synthesis, Binding And Docking Study, Christopher Mccullough, Terrence S. Neumann, Jayapal Reddy Gone, Zhengjie He, Christian Herrild, Julie Lukesh, Rajesh K. Pandey, William A. Donaldson, Daniel S. Sem

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Various estrogen analogs were synthesized and tested for binding to human ERα using a fluorescence polarization displacement assay. Binding affinity and orientation were also predicted using docking calculations. Docking was able to accurately predict relative binding affinity and orientation for estradiol, but only if a tightly bound water molecule bridging Arg394/Glu353 is present. Di-hydroxyl compounds sometimes bind in two orientations, which are flipped in terms of relative positioning of their hydroxyl groups. Di-hydroxyl compounds were predicted to bind with their aliphatic hydroxyl group interacting with His524 in ERα. One nonsteroid-based dihdroxyl compound was 1000-fold specific for ERβ over ERα, and …

Deuterium Tracer Study Of The Mechanism Of Iron Catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Yunxin Liao

Online Theses and Dissertations

The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) was invented in 1920s, shortly after its invention, it became an important way to produce synthetic fuels. The FTS is also an important way to understand the origin of life. Even though the FTS has been used to produce liquid fuels commercially for a relatively long time, the mechanism of FTS is still unclear, a mechanism can explain all the experimental observations has not been discovered yet.

By conducting H2/D2 switching experiments we found that there was an inverse isotope effect in the Fe catalyzed FTS. The rate of hydrocarbon production was increased when syngas H2/CO …

Visible Light Mediated Intermolecular [3 + 2] Annulation Of Cyclopropylanilines With Alkynes, Theresa H. Nguyen, Soumitra Maity, Nan Zheng

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Intermolecular [3 + 2] annulation of cyclopropylanilines with alkynes is realized using visible light photoredox catalysis, yielding a variety of cyclic allylic amines in fair to good yields. This method exhibits significant group tolerance particularly with heterocycles. It can also be used to prepare complex heterocycles such as fused indolines.

Synthesis Of Novel Azetidines, Amber Thaxton

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

Azetidine is a four-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring that has recently received a great deal of attention as a molecular scaffold for the design and preparation of biologically active compounds. Structure-activity studies employing functionalized azetidines have led to the development of variety of drug molecules and clinical candidates encompassing a broad spectrum of biological activities.

Herein, the synthesis a novel series of 3-aryl-3-arylmethoxyazetidines is described. Selected 3-aryl-3-arylmethoxyazetidines were evaluated for their binding affinity to multiple monoaminergic transporters for the potential treatment of methamphetamine addiction. It was discovered that this scaffold exhibits high binding affinity (nM) for both the serotonin and dopamine …

The Spontaneous Formation Of Selenium Nanoparticles On Gallic Acid Assemblies And Their Antioxidant Properties, Stacey Barnaby Fcrh '11, Nazmul Sarker Fcrh '13, Aaron Dowdell Fcrh '12, Ipsita Bannerjee

The Fordham Undergraduate Research Journal

Gallic acid (GA) is a naturally occurring plant phenol known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this work, we probed the molecular self-assembly of GA for the development of GA based nanocomposites for potential device fabrications and enhanced antioxidant applications. We found that the formation of GA nanostructures was pH dependent. Further, we examined the interactions of selenite with GA and subsequently examined the biomimetic formation of selenium (Se) nanoparticles. We found that in the presence of selenite, the yield of nanofibers was significantly higher, and selenium nanoparticle coated nanofibers were formed. The ability of the nanocomposites to scavenge …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Manganese Pyridazyl Complexes, Sana Shah

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Heterocyclic’s and their fused-ring derivatives have been of interest for their use in electronic materials due to their ease of production, synthetic versatility, and low cost compared to traditional inorganic materials like silicon. Pyridazines have been found to be useful in catalysis gas storage, polymeric sensors and biological mimetics. When a transition-metal is fused into a synthesized pyridazine, unique properties such as conductivity and optics are allowed. In this work, synthesized pyridazine complexes will be analyzed by mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, imaging, x-ray crystallography, and infrared spectroscopy. We are interested in synthesizing organometallic pyridazines and manganese pyridazyl …

Molecular Level Interaction Of Human Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 (Hfgf-1) With Phloridzin, Rammohan Paripelly

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of growth factors which includes twenty three proteins. FGFs work as modulators for various cellular activities like mitosis, differentiation and survival. Among the FGF family, human fibroblast growth factor-1 (hFGF-1), which is also known as acidic fibroblast growth factor, is a potent angiogenic agent, involved in the formation of new blood vessels in various tissues. hFGF-1 is regarded as a prototype of the FGF family. It serves as one of the potential targets in tumor inhibition and obesity due to its involvement in new blood vessel formation in cancerous regions and adipose tissues. …

Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters And Metal Thiophosphates As Lubricant Additives, David W. Johnson, John E. Hils

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Phosphate esters, thiophosphate esters and metal thiophosphates have been used as lubricant additives for over 50 years. While their use has been extensive, a detailed knowledge of how they work has been a much more recent development. In this paper, the use of phosphate esters and thiophosphate esters as anti-wear or extreme pressure additives is reviewed with an emphasis on their mechanism of action. The review includes the use of alkyl phosphates, triaryl phosphates and metal containing thiophosphate esters. The mechanisms of these materials interacting with a range of iron and steel based bearing material are examined.

Lipid Production By Microalgae Treating Municipal Wastewater, James Edward Kelley

Master's Theses

Microalgae hold much promise as a feedstock in liquid biofuel production. Lipid content of microalgae cells range from 30-80% dry weight of biomass. It is projected that microalgae can produce between 1,000-6,500 gallons/acre/year of oil. Currently, production of industrial algae operates in open raceway ponds that use minimal capital and energy inputs to culture algae. Raceway ponds can also be used to grow microalgae from municipal waste streams. Although high biomass productivity can be achieved in these systems, there remains a large production gap between large volumes of biomass cultivation and high lipid content from microalgae cells. Low lipid content …