Chemistry Commons^™

Measurements Of Excess O3, Co2, Co, Ch4, C2h4, C2h2, Hcn, No, Nh3, Hcooh, Ch3cooh, Hcho, And Ch3oh In 1997 Alaskan Biomass Burning Plumes By Airborne Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Aftir), Jon G. Goode, Robert J. Yokelson, Darold E. Ward, Ronald A. Susott, Ronald E. Babbitt, Mary Ann Davies, Wei Min Hao

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

We used an airborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (AFTIR), coupled to a flow-through, air-sampling cell, on a King Air B-90 to make in situ trace gas measurements in isolated smoke plumes from four, large, boreal zone wildfires in interior Alaska during June 1997. AFTIR spectra acquired near the source of the smoke plumes yielded excess mixing ratios for 13 of the most common trace gases: water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, nitric oxide, formaldehyde, acetic acid, formic acid, methanol, ethylene, acetylene, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide. Emission ratios to carbon monoxide for formaldehyde, acetic acid, and methanol were 2.2±0.4%, 1.3±0.4%, and …

High Efficiency Separation Of Microbial Aggregates Using Capillary Electrophoresis, J. M. Schneiderheinze, Daniel W. Armstrong, G. Schulte, David J. Westenberg

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Recent advances in the technique of capillary electrophoresis have demonstrated fast, highly efficient separation of mixtures of intact microbes. This paper describes the application of this technique for the separation of microbial aggregates of Micrococcus luteus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or Alcaligenes faecalis. The aggregates of these microbes were resolved into several highly efficient peaks with analysis times under 10 min and efficiencies approaching 1 000 000 plates m-1 in some cases. A reproducible relationship was found between the electrophoretic mobility and the aggregation number or size of the cluster under a given set of experimental conditions. Often, cellular aggregation was reversible …

Investigations On The Use Of Ion Mobility Spectrometry For Clinical Chemistry Applications, Henri Parson Patten

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

The major objective of this research is to examine ion mobility spectrometry as a rapid screening tool for specific application to clinical chemistry research and laboratory use. Methodology was developed for target analytes representing several classes of physiologically active substances, including anesthetics, illicit drugs, and their metabolites. The IMS characteristics of animal tissues and other compounds such as amino acids and proteins were determined. Quality assurance and control procedures were developed for specific quality data objectives. Criteria were established relating to use of IMS for assessing the precision and accuracy of data, qualitative screening, and semi-quantitative analyses.

It was found …

Studies On The Roles Of Atp In Nitrogenase Catalysis, Wei Wu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrogenase is the enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of nitrogen to ammonia in a reaction requiring MgATP hydrolysis. Two component proteins of nitrogenase are the iron protein (Fe protein) and the molybdenum-iron protein (MoFe protein).

Nitrogenase contains two nucleotide binding sites. During catalysis, the Fe protein binds two MgATP first. The conformational changes induced upon MgATP binding allow the Fe protein to associate with the MoFe protein. After the formation of the Fe protein-MoFe protein complex, a single electron is transferred from the Fe protein to the MoFe protein, an event that is coupled to MgATP hydrolysis in the Fe …

Fertilisers For Wine Grapes : An Information Package To Promote Efficient Fertiliser Practices, B. H. Goldspink, Neil Lantzke, Bob Paulin, Diana Louise Fisher, Colin Gordon, N. Cross, J M. Campbell-Clause

Bulletins 4000 -

No abstract provided.

Chromate Dissociation From Primer Paint In Simulated Lung Fluid, Tiffany J. R. Morgan

Theses and Dissertations

OSHA has proposed a new strontium chromate exposure standard that would potentially cause Air Force paint facilities to be in violation of the proposed standard if adopted. This proposed reduction make the continued use of chromate containing primer paints very difficult. There is currently no acceptable replacements for chromate containing primer paints on AF aircraft. This study suggests that paint particles with chromate bound in primer paint may be unavailable for bodily absorption if inhaled and a reduced standard for painting applications may be unnecessary. Primer paint overspray was collected into simulated lung fluid (SLF) and allowed 6 hr, 24 …

Characterization Of Chimeric Lipopolysaccharides From Escherichia Coli Strain Jm109 Transformed With Lipooligosaccharide Synthesis Genes (Lsg) From Haemophilus Influenzae, Nancy J. Phillips, T. J. Miller, J. J. Engstrom, William Melaugh, R. Mclaughlin, M A. Apicella, B W. Gibson

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Previously, we reported the expression of chimeric lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Escherichia coli strain JM109 (a K-12 strain) transformed with plasmids containing Haemophilus influenzae lipooligosaccharide synthesis genes (lsg) (Abu Kwaik, Y., McLaughlin, R. E., Apicella, M. A., and Spinola, S. M. (1991) Mol. Microbiol. 5, 2475–2480). In this current study, we have analyzed the O-deacylated LPS and free oligosaccharides from three transformants (designated pGEMLOS-4, pGEMLOS- 5, and pGEMLOS-7) by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, electrospray ionization, and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, along with composition and linkage analyses. These data show that the chimeric LPS consist of the complete E. coli LPS core …

Cytotoxic Mab From Rheumatic Carditis Recognizes Heart Valves And Laminin, Jeffrey E. Galvin, Mark E. Hemric, Kent Ward, Madeleine W. Cunningham

Faculty Publications and Presentations

Anti-streptococcal antibodies cross-reactive with N-acetyl-bD-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and myosin are present in the sera of patients with rheumatic fever (RF). However, their role in tissue injury is not clear. In this study, we show that anti-GlcNAc/anti-myosin mAb 3.B6 from a rheumatic carditis patient was cytotoxic for human endothelial cell lines and reacted with human valvular endothelium and underlying basement membrane. Reactivity of mAb 3.B6 with the valve was inhibited by human cardiac myosin > laminin > GlcNAc. The mAb 3.B6 epitopes were localized in fragments of human cardiac myosin, including heavy meromyosin (HMM), the S1 subfragment, and two light meromyosin (LMM) peptides containing …

Theories Of The Origin And Early Evolution Of Life, David A. Dewitt

Faculty Publications and Presentations

After the theory of spontaneous generation was discredited, only religious explanations were offered to explain the origin of life. Alexander Oparin (1894-1980), an atheist, suggested that natural chemical reactions produced biological molecules that came together to form the first living thing. Later, Stanley Miller tested this hypothesis and produced chemical "building blocks" but not life itself. In spite of much progress, there is still no clear consensus on how life originated on Earth. Some scientists are even looking to outer space for the origin of life.

Isolation And Identification Of Sterols In Palm Oil And Their Analysis By Gc Adn Gc-Ms, Ai Chen Han

Student Works (2000-2009)

The unsaponifiablc matters were separated from crude palm oil, crude palm kernel oil, and crude palm fibre oil. The sterol fractions were isolated by preparative thin layer chromatography and were then analysed by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Qualitative separations of sterols are illustrated. Tables are presented showing the sterol composition determined in the oi ls, values obtained for individual contents are in broad agreement with other published results There were no major differences between crude palm oil, crude palm kernel oil and crude palm fibre oil with respect to their sterols oomposition. P-sitosterol was found as the …

Method Development And Validation For Drug Analysis By Hplc Gc-Ms, Yann Jen Goh

Student Works (2000-2009)

Enalapril and its metabolite Enalaprilat were determined by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - MS) and high - performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For HPLC, the detection limit of enalapril and enalaprilat was 10n g/ml in methanol, whereas for the GC - MS, the detection limit was 6.25ng/ml in plasma. These methods were compared and GC - MS was selected for routine analysis. Enalapril and Enalaprilat in plasma were extracted and cleaned up by using Sep - Pak C 18. Enalapril and Enalaprilat were detected after reaction with diazomethane and were identified by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry as methyl …

Method Development By Hplc For Separation Of Various Hydrocarbon Groups In Coal Samples From Batu Arang, Selangor, Yong Chee Hui Audrey

Student Works (2000-2009)

A preliminary work involving method development for normal stationary phase (silica) pennits the high-performance liquid chromatographic separation or aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) classes. The Soxhlet extraction method was applied on the coal rock samples and normal phase (silica) short column clean-up separation from highly polymeric material in the coal extract. Method developed on analytical and preparative normal phase silica HPLC columns were to fractionate coal rock extracts, isocratic elution of hexane: ethyl acetate (95 :5, V:V) was found to be quite a good mobile phase. An alternative fractionation method, preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC), was also investigated to separate …

Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Analysis Of Captopril And Its Application In Pharmacokinetic Studies In Healthy Subjects, Zamri Chik

Student Works (2000-2009)

Captopril is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of the angiotensin-convening enzyme (ACE). This enzyme converts angiotensin I, a relatively inactive decapeptide, to angiotensin II , a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor substance. Captopril is widely used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. This drug, which contains a sulphydryl group binds readily to albumin and to other plasma proteins. Captopril is unstable in blood and plasma ex vivo because of the reactivity of sulphydryl group which results in oxidation and rapid formation of disulphides. Therefore a fixative or a stabiliser must be added to each blood sample immediately following collection. …

Emissions Of Formaldehyde, Acetic Acid, Methanol, And Other Trace Gases From Biomass Fires In North Carolina Measured By Airborne Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Robert J. Yokelson, Jon G. Goode, Darold E. Ward, Ronald A. Susott, Ronald E. Babbitt, D. D. Wade, Issac T. Bertschi, David W. T. Griffith, Wei Min Hao

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Biomass burning is an important source of many trace gases in the global troposphere. We have constructed an airborne trace gas measurement system consisting of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) coupled to a “flow-through” multipass cell (AFTIR) and installed it on a U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service King Air B-90. The first measurements with the new system were conducted in North Carolina during April 1997 on large, isolated biomass fire plumes. Simultaneous measurements included Global Positioning System (GPS); airborne sonde; particle light scattering, CO, and CO₂; and integrated filter and canister samples. AFTIR spectra acquired within …

Bulletin 4385 - Control Of Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Medfly) In Commercial Orchards, Sonya Broughton, Francis De Lima

Bulletins 4000 -

The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) is thought to originate from tropical Africa. It is a pest in many areas of the world including Western Australia. It was first detected at Claremont in 1895 and is now found as far south as Esperance and as far north as Derby. The main area of infestation extends from Carnarvon to Bunbury.

Medfly is known to infest over 200 fruit and vegetable species. In Western Australia, stone fruit, pome fruit, citrus, guavas, figs and loquats are particularly susceptible.

Trace Gas Emissions From Laboratory Biomass Fires Measured By Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Fires In Grass And Surface Fuels, Jon G. Goode, Robert J. Yokelson, Ronald A. Susott, Darold E. Ward

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The trace gas emissions from six biomass fires, including three grass fires, were measured using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer coupled to an open-path, multipass cell (OP-FTIR). The quantified emissions consisted of carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, water vapor, carbon monoxide, methane, ammonia, ethylene, acetylene, isobutene, methanol, acetic acid, formic acid, formaldehyde, and hydroxyacetaldehyde. By including grass fires in this study we have now measured smoke composition from fires in each major vegetation class. The emission ratios of the oxygenated compounds, formaldehyde, methanol, and acetic acid, were 1–2% of CO in the grass fires, similar to our other laboratory and …

Micromagnetics Simulation Of Nanoshaped Iron Elements: Comparison With Experiment, Ngocnga Dao, S. R. Homer, Scott L. Whittenburg

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

A micromagnetics simulation has been conducted on nanostructured magnetic elements of iron in order to investigate the effect of the shape of the element on magnetic properties, such as domain formation and hysteresis loops. These results are compared with recent experimental studies. The results display an impressive agreement with both the experimentally observed magnetic domains in individual particles as well as the shape of the hysteresis loops. The simulation results then explain features in the hysteresis loops in terms of vortice formation and motion.

Induced Changes In Solvent Structure By Phospholipid Monolayer Formation At A Liquid–Liquid Interface, R. A. Walker, D. E. Gragson, G. L. Richmond

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy has been used in conjunction with dynamic surface tension measurements to study formation of a 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine (DLPC) monolayer at a water–carbon tetrachloride interface. Surface tension measurements show that an aqueous solution of liquid crystalline phosphocholine vesicles (4.5 μM DLPC) requires several hours to form a tightly packed, fully equilibrated monolayer of DLPC monomers. Vibrational spectra of the interfacial region at different stages in the monolayer formation process indicate that the solvent structure undergoes dramatic re-organization as the monolayer forms. Initial adsorption of DLPC monomers severely disrupts the interfacial hydrogen bonding. Intensity in the OH …

Media Coverage Of Epa's Draft Dioxin Reassessment Report, Sharon M. Friedman, Megan A. Fitzpatrick, Brenda P. Egolf

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Using content analysis, the authors examine the utility of news media in democratic decision making.

The Mean Spherical Approximation For A Dipolar Yukawa Fluid, Douglas Henderson, Dezso Boda, Istvan Szalai, Kwong-Yu Chan

Faculty Publications

The dipolar hard sphere fluid (DHSF) is a useful model of a polar fluid. However, the DHSF lacks a vapor–liquid transition due to the formation of chain-like structures. Such chains are not characteristic of real polar fluids. A more realistic model of a polar fluid is obtained by adding a Lennard–Jones potential to the intermolecular potential. Very similar results are obtained by adding a Yukawa potential, instead of the Lennard–Jones potential. We call this fluid the dipolar Yukawa fluid (DYF). We show that an analytical solution of the mean spherical approximation (MSA) can be obtained for the DYF. Thus, the …

Reductive Dehydroxy Coupling Of 2-(Hydroxymethyl)Indenes To Prepare Ethano-Bridged Bis(2-Indenyl) Ansa-Titanocenes, Hasan Palandoken, Justin K. Wyatt, Shawn R. Hitchcock, Marilyn M. Olmstead, Michael H. Nantz

Chemistry and Biochemistry

New examples of ansa-titanocenes derived from 1,2-bis(2-indenyl)ethane have been prepared. The titanium-mediated reductive coupling of 2-(hydroxymethyl)indenes provided a convenient method for substrate dimerization. Alkyl substitution of the indene ring at C(3) improved the regioselectivity of the reductive coupling to provide the ethylene bis(2-indenyl)ansa-ligands in 29–62% yield.

Monte Carlo Study Of The Capacitance Of The Double Layer In A Model Molten Salt, Douglas Henderson, Dezso Boda, Kwong-Yu Chan

Faculty Publications

Monte Carlo simulations are reported for charged hard spheres at high density near a charged wall. This system is a simple model for a molten salt double layer. Unfortunately, the reduced temperatures that correspond to experiment are very small. This results in a large Boltzmann factor. As a result, we are unable to obtain meaningful results for such low values and report results only for moderately low values of the reduced temperature. Even so, our results should be a useful benchmark. Further, we are able to give a qualitative answer to an interesting question. We find that at low temperatures …

Bulletin 4357 - Fertilisers For Pastures On Sandy Soils Of The Swan Coastal Plain, K. W. Angell

Bulletins 4000 -

When newly cleared for agriculture, the sandy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain were acutely deficient in phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and the trace elements copper ( Cu) and zinc (Zn) and sometimes molybdenum (Mo). Phosphorus deficiency was overcome by applying single superphosphate. Trace element deficiencies were overcome by adding Cu, Zn and Mo to superphosphate during manufacture, allowing P, Cu, Zn and Mo to be applied to the pasture in the one operation.

It was subsequently found that low sulphur (S) and potassium (K) were limiting production and persistence of subterranean clover-based pastures on the sandy soils of the …

Relationship Between Udp-Glucose 4-Epimerase Activity And Oligoglucose Glycoforms In Two Strains Of Neisseria Meningitidis, F K. Lee, B W. Gibson, William Melaugh, A Zaleski, M A. Apicella

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from Neisseria meningitidis has demonstrated considerable microheterogeneity in the variable region of LOS due to the presence of novel glycoforms. As a step toward understanding the basis for the expression of these novel glycoforms, we have examined the LOS structures and UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (epimerase) activity levels in two strains (NMB and MA-1) and their respective galE mutants. Strain NMB was found to have low epimerase activity and to contain multiple glycoforms, some of which appear to contain only glucose sugars. The galE mutant had only the oligoglucose glycoforms. Strain MA-1 had higher …

Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress In Erythrocyte Membranes Of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Nigerians, Gbolahan W. Okunade, Odutayo O. Odunuge, Olufunso O. Olorunsogo

Faculty Publications

The presence of higher level of endogenous free radical reaction products in the erythrocyte ghost membrane (EGM) of Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects compared with that of normal healthy controls has been demonstrated. The EGMs of NIDDM subjects were also shown to be more susceptible to exogenously generated oxidative stress than those of normal healthy individuals. The decreased level of reactive thiol groups in the EGM of NIDDM individuals supported this observation. We propose that the presence of significant levels of non-heme iron in the EGM of NIDDM subjects is an indication of the potential for iron-catalysed production of hydroxy …

Reversal Of Sodium Arsenite Inhibition Of Rat Liver Microsomal Ca2+ Pumping Atpase By Vitamin C, Odutayo O. Odunuge, Gbolahan W. Okunade, Olufunso O. Olorunsogo

Faculty Publications

Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), at 10% of its median lethal dose, was administered to rats with and without vitamin C pretreatment. Liver microsomal fraction was isolated and the activity of Ca2+-ATPase was assayed. Sodium arsenite was found to inhibit the activity of the liver microsomal Ca2+-ATPase to 50% to that of control rats. The specific activity of the enzyme in rats administered sodium arsenite with vitamin C pretreatment was not significantly different from that of control rats.

Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Expression In Plants, Katherine M. Schmid

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Pants [sic] are transformed with a bacterial cyclopropane fatty acid synthase gene to produce lipids containing cyclopropane fatty acids. Using this technology dihydrosterculate is produced in oilseed crops such as rape.

A Biogeochemical Comparison Of Fossil (Carboniferous) And Modern Crustose Red Algae, Michael A. Kruge, John E. Utgaard, William Ferry

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The nature of the contribution of the various types of algae to sedimentary organic matter continues to be a topic of research interest. Crustose red algae have however received less attention than other types. The fossil calcareous red algae (Rhodophyta) analyzed in this study are two relatively unrecrystallized specimens of Parachaetetes (Family Solenoporacea) from the lower part of the Ste. Genevieve Formation (Carboniferous, Visean) in Union County, Illinois, USA. They occurred in the patch reef phase of a small carbonate mudmound-patchreef. The three modern specimens (collected and identified by F. Collier) are the crustose algae Lithothamnion, Clathromorphum and Phymatolithon …

Some Aspects Of The Adsorption Of A Lennard-Jones Gas On A Rough Surface, Douglas Henderson, Pawel Bryk, Stefan Sokolowski

Faculty Publications

We study the adsorption, including wetting, of a Lennard-Jones gas on a rough surface consisting of rough layer on a smooth substrate with which the gas interacts via a 9-3 potential. The rough layer is two molecular diameters thick and consists of a disordered quenched matrix of hard spheres. As well as interacting with the other matrix spheres by the hard-sphere potential, the matrix molecules interact with the gas molecules by the hard-sphere potential. Hence, on average, the degree to which the gas molecules can approach the substrate depends only on the density of the matrix layer. The density of …

New Polyether Toxins From Shellfish And Marine Phytoplankton: Isolation Studies And Development Of Analytical Methods, Alan G. Bishop

Theses

There are three classes of polyether toxins responsible for Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) world-wide. The causative toxins are okadaic acid (OA) and derivatives (DTXs), pectenotoxins (PTXs) and yessotoxins (YTXs). The origin of these toxins are phytoplankton from Dinophysis or Prorocentrum spp. OA has been demonstrated for most outbreaks in Europe and more recently a new isomer DTX-2 has been reported in Ireland.

Marine phytoplankton biomass samples consisting predominantly of Dinophysis acuta, were acquired using a large double plankton net from waters off the South-west coast of Ireland. Analysis of unialgal samples using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and …