Chemistry Commons^™

Sharing The Salt Bowl: Counterion Identity Drives N-Alkyl Resorcinarene Affinity For Pyrophosphate In Water, Kwaku Twum, Seyed Iraj Sadraei, Jordan Feder, S. Maryamdokht Taimoory, Kari Rissanen, John F. Trant, Ngong Kodiah Beyeh

Chemistry and Biochemistry Publications

N-Alkyl ammonium resorcinarene chloride receptors, NARX4, have been shown to act as high-sensitivity detectors of pyrophosphate (PPi), a biomarker of disease, in aqueous media through the chloride-to-PPi exchange [NAR(Cl)4 to NARPPi]. The nature of the anion of the macrocyclic NARX4 (X = Cl−, Br−, triflate OTf−) receptor greatly influences the PPi-affinity in aqueous media. The binding affinity for [NAR (Cl)4] is 3.61 × 105 M−1, while the NAR (Br)4 and NAR (OTf)4 show stronger binding of 5.30 × 105 M−1, and 6.10 × 105 M−1, respectively. The effects of upper rim ammonium cation, –N+H2R substituents (R = 3-hydroxypropyl, cyclohexyl, …

High-Resolution Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structure Of Photosystem Ii From The Mesophilic Cyanobacterium, Synechocystis Sp. Pcc 6803, Christopher J. Gisriel, Jimin Wang, Jinchan Liu, David A. Flesher, Krystle M. Reiss, Hao-Li Huang, Ke R. Yang, William H. Armstrong, M. R. Gunner, Victor S. Batista, Richard J. Debus, Gary W. Brudvig

Publications and Research

Photosystem II (PSII) enables global-scale, light-driven water oxidation. Genetic manipulation of PSII from the mesophilic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has provided insights into the mechanism of water oxidation; however, the lack of a highresolution structure of oxygen-evolving PSII from this organism has limited the interpretation of biophysical data to models based on structures of thermophilic cyanobacterial PSII. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of PSII from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 at 1.93-Å resolution. A number of differences are observed relative to thermophilic PSII structures, including the following: the extrinsic subunit PsbQ is maintained, the C terminus of the …

The Phase Behavior Of Ubqln Proteins And Implications For Protein Quality Control, Yiran Yang

Dissertations - ALL

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are essential pathways for maintaining protein quality control (PQC) in cells. Misfolded proteins and large aggregates are cleared by UPS and autophagy signaled by ubiquitin (Ub) or polyubiquitin (polyUb) chains. Shuttle proteins facilitate cargo transporting by interacting with both ubiquitin and degradation machineries. Previously, our lab discovered that the shuttle protein Ubiquilin-2 (UBQLN2) is recruited to stress granules in cells and undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro. LLPS is a biophysical process by which proteins separate themselves from the surrounding aqueous solution by forming protein-rich droplets. The overarching goals of this work are …

Reaction Of Alkynyl- And Alkenyltrifluoroborates With Propargyldicobalt Cations: Alkynylation, Alkenylation, And Cyclopropanation Product Pathways, Brent St Onge, S. Maryamdokht Taimoory, Jeffrey Battersby, John F. Trant, James R. Green

Chemistry and Biochemistry Publications

The Lewis acid-mediated Nicholas reactions of propargyl acetate–Co2(CO)6 complexes with a series of potassium alkynyltrifluoroborates and potassium alkenyltrifluoroborates are described. Alkynyltrifluoroborates directly alkynylate the intermediate propargyldicobalt cations. In contrast, alkenyltrifluoroborates proceed through one of the three modes of dominant reactivity: C-2-substituted alkenyltrifluorobrates directly alkenylate, predominantly with the retention of stereochemistry. C-1-substituted alkenyltrifluoroborates alkenylate at C-2. Potassium vinyltrifluoroborate incorporates a cyclopropane at the site propargyl to alkynedicobalt. Computational analysis of these systems explains the differential modes of reactivity of alkenyltrifluoroborates and outlines the probable mechanisms for the formation of each product.

Protocol For Fabricating Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold Strain Sensors On Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Gloves For Wearable Electronics, Sara S. Mechael, Yunyun Wu, Yiting Chen, Tricia Breen Carmichael

Chemistry and Biochemistry Publications

This protocol describes the fabrication of patterned conductive gold films on nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) gloves for wearable strain sensors using electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) plating, a solution-based metallization technique. The resulting NBR/ENIG films are strain sensitive; resistance measurements of a patterned sensing array can be used to map human hand motions. This protocol also describes challenges related to the ENIG process and troubleshooting steps to achieve conformal gold films for strain sensing over a large working range. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mechael et al. (2021).

Characterization Of Landfill Leachate For Enhanced Metal Recovery, Hanna Fulford, Amisha Shah, Inez Hua, Nadezhda Zyaykina, Lori Hoagland, Alejandro Rodriguez Sanchez, Umut Bicim

Discovery Undergraduate Interdisciplinary Research Internship

Landfills contain a trove of valuable materials, such as critical, precious, and rare earth metals, that are integral to the United State’s economy and national security. The leachate that filters through landfills picks up these materials, which allows for the possibility of recovery. For this research, samples will be analyzed from landfills throughout the Midwestern United States to provide a baseline on water quality constituents, elements present, and microbial activity. Preliminary data for this study was acquired by analyzing samples of landfill leachate from a landfill in northern Indiana. pH readings indicate that the leachate is slightly basic. It also …

Visualizing Phytochemical-Protein Interaction Networks: Momordica Charantia And Cancer, Yumi L. Briones, Alexander T. Young, Fabian M. Dayrit, Armando Jerome De Jesus, Nina Rosario L. Rojas

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The in silico study of medicinal plants is a rapidly growing field. Techniques such as reverse screening and network pharmacology are used to study the complex cellular action of medicinal plants against disease. However, it is difficult to produce a meaningful visualization of phytochemical-protein interactions (PCPIs) in the cell. This study introduces a novel workflow combining various tools to visualize a PCPI network for a medicinal plant against a disease. The five steps are 1) phytochemical compilation, 2) reverse screening, 3) network building, 4) network visualization, and 5) evaluation. The output is a PCPI network that encodes multiple dimensions of …

Antimicrobial Activity Of Bacterial Virus Components: An Empirical Investigation Of The Killing Capacity Of Toxins From Burkholderia, Kyle Walny

Honors Projects

Given the growing issue in healthcare of antibiotic resistance, effective and safe alternative treatment methods are required. One of these possible alternative treatment methods is bacteriotoxins including bacteriocins and tailocins. The focus of this study is a bacteriotoxin from Burkholderia cenocepacia (ATCC 25608), which was induced for toxin using a modified UV light induction procedure and tested against a variety of Pseudomonas and Burkholderia for its killing capacity. Various other pathogenic strains were then induced with UV light and tested. The results showed that the toxin from ATCC 25608 was very effective against most of the Burkholderia tested and warrants …

Seasonal Flammability Comparisons Of Native And Exotic Plants In The Post Oak Savannah, Blackland Prairie, And Pineywoods Ecoregions Of Texas, Michael Tiller

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

East Texas’ diverse landscape can present year-round wildfire seasons that can be influenced by seasonal and regional differences in climate and physiography. Greater insight into the fundamental thermal behavior of wildland fuels can aid in fire behavior prediction and development of fire-resistant plant lists. This study focused on estimating seasonal and regional flammability characteristics of five evergreen species: yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), greenbrier (Smilax spp.), eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), and escarpment live oak (Quercus fusiformis); and two deciduous species: Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) and southern …

Comparative Toxicity, Phytochemistry, And Use Of 53 Philippine Medicinal Plants, Lydia M. Clemen-Pascual, Rene Angelo S. Macahig, Nina Rosario L. Rojas

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The study compares the toxicity of 53 selected medicinal plants commonly used in the Philippines to treat various diseases. It uses as a benchmark Vitex negundo L., which was approved by the Philippine Food and Drug Administration as an herbal drug for cough and asthma after passing clinical trials for safety and efficacy. The methods were chosen for their simplicity and accessibility even for resource-limited laboratories. Extracts (95 % ethanol) of the medicinal parts of the plants were (1) chemically profiled using qualitative phytochemical tests that detect the presence of key classes of bioactive compounds; and (2) evaluated for toxicity …

Mass Spectra Of Mesonic Molecules At Finite Temperature, Arezu Jahanshir, Mohammad Reza Soltani

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

At a finite temperature, exotic hadronic systems, mass spectrum was studied using the quark structure and the radial Schrödinger equation with the Cornell interaction potential representing the hadronic interaction. The projective unitary representation has been used in the study of hadronic ground states in physics. A relativistic bound state's mass spectrum with temperature dependence is shown to have a unique feature. The resulting values are compared to experimental and theoretical values, and the study showed a high level of conformity with additional values wherever feasible.

Efficiency Of +Idonblender Photogrammetric Tool In Facial Prosthetics Rehabilitation – An Evaluation Study, Mohammed R. Falih, Fanar M. Abed, Rodrigo Salazar-Gamarra, Luciano Lauria Dib

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Several open-source 3D modeling software tools have recently been featured to reconstruct a 3D image-based model using Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms such as +IDonBlender. It is, therefore, necessary to evaluate the accuracy of the models extracted from this tool to prove effectiveness for different applications. This paper aims to evaluate the +IDonBlender methodology tool in rehabilitating facial deformations. +IDonBlender is an add-on tool programmed within Blender software and designed for medical applications. In this research, two individuals from different genders have volunteered to contribute to this study, one with severe facial deformation and the other is healthy with no …

Proposed Hybrid Correlationfeatureselectionforestpanalizedattribute Approach To Advance Idss, Doaa Nteesha Mhawi, Prof. Soukaena H. Hashem

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

NetworkIntrusionDetectionSystem(NIDS), widely used network infrastructure. Although many datamining has been used to increase the effectiveness of IDSs, current ID still struggle to perform well. therfore; proposed a new NIDS focused on feature_selection. The proposed CorrelationFeatureSelection_ForestPanalizedAttributes(CFS_FPA) used for dimensionality_reduction and selects the optimal_subset. based on two steps: first check each feature with a target(class) and choose only features that most effective by applying CFS filter using a statistical_method, then applied FPA to select only features will enhance ID and reduce_dimensionality. proposal tested with the NSLKDD experimental results of accuracy 0.997% and 0.004 FAR, wherein UNSWNB15_dataset accuracy and FAR are 0.995%, 0.008 …

Analysis Of Modern Communication Protocols For Iot Applications, Neerendra Kumar, Pragti Jamwal

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

To facilitate increasing interactions of machines, various protocols are building up for IoT applications. Safeguarding communication among devices is necessary. In this paper, various protocols have been studied and compared using six parameters: Communication overhead, Security, Packet Loss, Throughput, Bandwidth and Support to QoS. LIDOR is found as the most successful communication protocol. A tabulated comparison of various communication protocols have been provided by comparing the parameters. Further, six star rating for the various protocols have been proposed. The study shows that LIDOR increases reliability under DoS attacks. Considering the existing literature, new research gaps and challenges have been presented.

The Effect Of Diode Laser On The Life And Appearance Of White Ant (Psammotermes Hypostoma), Estabraq Mahmood Mahdi Msc, Sahar Naji Rashid Msc., Saeed Maher Lafta Ph.D., Arshad Mahdi Hamad Msc

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This work focused on studying effect of diode laser on external appearance of white ants, and finding the percentage of mortality resulting from this beam of (650nm),(5mW),exposure times (60,70,80,90,100)sec at (3,5)cm for each exposure. The results recorded showed a clear increase in death rates, and increase in deformations as laser exposure times increased (higher percentage at lower distance), where laser was used to capture results of this therapeutic effect after passage time periods (12,24,48,72)hours. These results, show laser thermal effects resulting from its interaction with tissues, thermal propagation leads to ravage to the structures, thus to an increase death rates.

Calculation And Comparison Of Certain Physical Properties Of Sample Irregular Galaxies With The Milky Way Galaxy, Hasanain Hassan Al-Dahlaki Msc

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Irregular galaxies often include a mix of old and young celestial populations, as well as dust and gas. This study makes an early effort at the morphological classification of irregular galaxies. These sources have been chosen from (70) irregular galaxies data samples from a Catalogue survey. We present a statistical analysis of the physical properties for the chosen data from the database and a collection of tools that used to study the physics of galaxies and cosmology HYPERLEDA (http://atlas.obshp.fr/hyperleda/) and NASA /IPAC Extragalactic Database NED (https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/) survey.

Seasonal Variation Of Microbiota In Shank Acanthopagrus Latus Living In Both Brackish And Fresh Water, Ali A. Al-Hisnawi Ph.D., Jassim M. Mustafa, Yass K. Yasser, Khalid A. Hussain, Ameera M. Jabur

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The present study was conducted to monitor the microbiota in the posterior intestine of Shank fish living in the river (fresh water) and Al-Razzaza lake (salt or brackish water) in Kerbala, Iraq. Cultivable bacteria were calculated and identified from specimens obtained from the posterior intestine of mucosa (PM) and digesta (PD) during summer and winter seasons. The total culturable bacteria (TCB) of bacteria isolated from both intestinal regions from fresh water fish during summer time were higher than counterparts in winter time. In contrast, the TVC of bacteria isolated from the PM from salt water fish during winter time were …

Evaluation Of The Healing Activity Of Cucurbita Spp. Leaf And Seed Extracts On Experimental Thermal Burns, Sanaa Jameel Thamer Ph.D., Prof. Maha Khalil Ibrahim, Dr. Khalid Shanshal Alnema

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Burns are the most common skin injuries associated with many complications and high incidences of wound infections. Many compounds of plant products have been assessed to accelerate wound healing or reduce contamination. The possible healing effect of two Cucurbita spp. in skin burns was investigated. Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita pepo leaves and seeds were extracted using ethanol and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Second-degree burn wounds were made on laboratory rats, and the burn wounds were applied topically with extracts for 14 days and silver sulfadiazine (SS) for comparison. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was analyzed post-treatment. Hydroxyproline content …

Energy Conservation Approach Of Wireless Sensor Networks For Iot Applications, Suha Abdulhussein Abdulzahra Msc, Ali Kadhum M. Al-Qurabat Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Ali Kadhum Idrees

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Wireless Sensor Network is one of the most important contributors to IoT and performs significant role in people's lives due to its extensive use in many applications. Energy-saving is essential since sensor nodes are working by their restricted battery. In this article, data reduction method proposed to work at Gateway level of network. In GW, proposed method works as filtering via enabling GW to identify, then remove, sets of data that are redundant and produced by neighboring nodes. Principle idea of method recommended at this level is to exploit the advantage of spatial correlation between sensors to minimize energy depletion.

Biosynthesis, Characterization And Antiproliferative Activity Of Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Using Lantadene A Extracted From Lantana Camara, Dawood Ali Salim Dawood, Lee Suan Chua Ph.D, Tian Swee Tan Ph.D, Ahmed F. Alshemary Ph.D

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study was focused on the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles loaded with lantadene A (LA-AuNPs) from Lantana camara extract and the antiproliferative effects on prostate cancer cells (LNCaP). The synthesized LA-AuNPs had smooth surface, and nearly spherical in shape (67.94 nm) with the zeta potential (-30.11±0.83 mV). LAAuNPs showed a dose dependent cytotoxic activity with IC50, 126.82 µg/mL against LNCaP, but non-cytotoxic to normal prostate cells. The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis was caused by the increase of caspases-3/7 and -9 activity and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Therefore, LA-AuNPs could be a potent lead to inhibit LNCaP

An Online E-Voting System Based On An Adaptive Ledger With Singular Value Decomposition Technique, Rihab Habeeb Sahib, Prof. Dr. Eman Salih Al-Shamery

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Regular E-voting systems for elections may count the votes in less time,less cost,save the privacy of citizens,but still considered risky as votes can be tampered.E-voting systems based on a network distributed ledger show fast results,more trusted,save privacy,cannot be tampered,and distributed in which no central organization controls the system.This paper illustrate an e-voting system to solve the challenge of a massive ledger that is distributed among network-nodes using a data reduction technique as a security-matching-tool,singular value decomposition(SVD) that handle a copy of election results in another form and matched with the SQL-database results to announce a successful election-event representing a transparency-powerful-secured-system

Detecting Malicious Dns Queries Over Encrypted Tunnels Using Statistical Analysis And Bi-Directional Recurrent Neural Networks, Mohammad Al-Fawa'reh, Zain Ashi, Mousa Tayseer Jafar

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The exponential rise in the number of malicious threats targeting computer networks and digital services puts network infrastructure in jeopardy. Domain name protocol attacks are one of the most pervasive network attacks posing a threat to networks, whereby attackers send harmful information to the network; this type of threat is identified as DNS tunneling. The DNS protocol has recently gained increased attention from cyber-attackers, targeting organizations with a web presence or reliance on e-commerce businesses. Cyber-attackers can subtly exploit the contents of encrypted DNS packets that are sent across covert network tunnels, which are difficult for firewalls and blacklist detection …

Artificial Intelligence For Para Rubber Identification Combining Five Machine Learning Methods, Chairote Yaiprasert Ph.D.

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study aims to identify Para rubber species using a combination of five machine learning techniques to classify leaf images. The learning process is defined using a dataset for each classification method. Approximately 1,472 leaf images are prepared consisting of various sizes, shapes, quality provided for the model. The classification indicators are defined with the help of an algorithm to identify at least three of the top five potential classification outcomes. The algorithm accurately predicts 100% of the five classification methods. Methods can provide precise and rapid classification of large quantities, without the need for image preprocessing prior to classification.

Synergistic Extraction Of Silver From Nitric Acid Medium With Dithizone In The Presence Of A Secondary Amine- Amberlite La-2 Using 110mag-Radioisotope, Madhusudan Mandal Ph.D.

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Synergistic extraction of silver has been investigated in the presence of two different kinds of extractants, one of which is a chelating ligand, dithizone and the other is a long-chain secondary amine amberlite LA-2 at pH 3.0 using a radiotracer technique. The apparent formation constant, overall equilibrium constant and adduct formation constants were calculated from distribution coefficients. Interestingly, it was observed that the adduct formation constant is too high when the ligand concentration is increased by keeping the amine concentration fixed at 0.044 M compared to that obtained when the ligand concentration is kept fixed at 8.74×10^-4 M.

Editorial Board

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

No abstract provided.

Single-Variable Porous Nanomaterial Series From Polymer Structure-Directing Agents, Morgan Stefik

Faculty Publications

Block polymer structure-directing agents (SDA) enable the production of porous nanoscale materials. Most strategies rely upon polymer equilibration where diverse morphologies are realized in porous functional materials. This review details how solvent selectivity determines the polymer SDA behaviors, spanning from bulk-type to solution-type. Equilibrating behavior of either type, however, obscures nanostructure cause-and-effect since the resulting sample series convolve multiple spatial variations. Solution-type SDA behaviors include both dynamic and persistent micelles. Persistent micelle templates (PMT) use high solvent selectivity for kinetic entrapment. PMTs enable independent wall thickness control with demonstrated 2 Å precision alterations. Unimodal PMT pore size distributions have spanned …

Synergistic Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity Of Hypoxis Hemerocallidea-Derived Silver Nanoparticles And Streptomycin Against Respiratory Pathobionts, Oluwole S. Aremu, T. Qwebani-Ogunleye, Lebogang Katata-Seru, Zimbili Mkhize, John F. Trant

Chemistry and Biochemistry Publications

Respiratory tract infections arise due to the introduction of microbes into the airway, disrupting the normal, healthy, complex interdependent microbiome. The selective disruption of this community can be either beneficial or dangerous. Nanoparticles are a potential tool for modifying this population. Coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using ethanolic extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea (EEHH), a Southern African plant used extensively in traditional medicine and the source of many bioactive secondary metabolites. The room temperature reaction between silver nitrate and EEHH forms largely spherical AgNPs with an average diameter of 6–20 nm. These nanoparticles show similar levels of antibacterial activity as …

New Isolate From Salvinia Molesta With Antioxidant And Urease Inhibitory Activity, Nadra Naheed, Saima Maher, Farooq Saleem, Ajmal Khan, Abdul Wadood, Saima Rasheed, M. Iqbal Choudhary, Matheus Froeyen, Iskandar Abdullah, Muhammad Usman Mirza, John F. Trant, Sarfraz Ahmad

Chemistry and Biochemistry Publications

Urease plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis pyelonephritis, urinary catheter encrustation, hepatic coma, hepatic encephalopathy, and peptic acid duodenal ulcers. Salvinia molesta was explored to identify new bioactive compounds with particular emphasis on urease inhibitors. The aqueous methanol extract was fractionated using solvents of increasing polarity. A series of column chromatography and later HPLC were performed on butanol extract. The structures of the resulting pure compounds were resolved using NMR (1D and 2D), infrared, and mass spectroscopy. The novel isolate was evaluated for antioxidant activity (using DPPH, superoxide anion radical scavenging, oxidative burst, and Fe+2 chelation assays), …

College Of Natural Sciences Newsletter, December 2021, College Of Natural Sciences

College of Natural Sciences Newsletters and Reports

Volume 2, Issue 12

Page 1 Dean's Message
Page 2 Awards & Recognition
Page 2 Media Coverage of CNS
Page 3 Media Coverage Cont.
Page 4 Science as Art Competition
Page 5 Open PRAIRIE Data
Page 5 Grants Awarded in CNS

Understanding Students’ Global Interdependence In Science Instruction, Walter S. Smith

Journal of Global Education and Research

Multiple American educational organizations such as the National Education Association, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, and the Council of Chief State School Officers have advocated for globalizing the K-12 curriculum. The National Science Teaching Association (NSTA) in a position statement on international education and the Next Generation Science Standards have produced goals and standards for internationalizing the science curriculum by addressing topics such as climate change, environment, and disease that cross borders. In contrast to those pronouncements on the curriculum, this article views global science education through an instructional lens that focuses on a students’ global interdependence in science …