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Preparation Of 2s,3s-N-Isobutyl-N-(2-Hydroxy-3-Amino-4-Phenylbutyl)-P-Nitrobenzenesulfonylamide Hydrochloride And Other Derivatives Of 2-Hydroxy-1,3-Diamines, Aslam A. Malik, Hasan Palandoken, Joy A. Stringer, Roland P. Carlson, John Leach, Thomas G. Archibald, Robert G. Miotke

Chemistry and Biochemistry

The present invention provides a new process for the preparation of 2S,3S-N-isobutyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-amino-4phenylbutyl)- p-nitrobenzenesulfonylamide hydrochloride, wherein this compound is prepared directly from the chloromethylalcohol. Importantly, the process of the present invention results in higher yields of 2S,3S-N-isobutyl-N-(2hydroxy -3 -amino -4-phenylbutyl) -pnitrobenzenesulfonylamide hydrochloride without sacrificing its purity. The processes of the present inventin can be used to prepare not only the 2S,3S-derivative, but also the 2R,3S-, 2S,2R- and the 2R,3R-derivatives.

Clean, High-Yield Preparation Of S,S- And R,S- Amino Acid Isosteres, Aslam A. Malik, Todd E. Clement, Hasan Palandoken, James Robinson Iii, Joy A. Stringer

Chemistry and Biochemistry

The present invention provides compounds and methods that can be used to convert the intermediate halomethyl ketones (HMKs), e.g., chloromethyl ketones, to the corresponding S,S- and R,S-diastereomers. More particularly, the present invention provides: (1) reduction methods; (2) inversion methods; and (3) methods involving the epoxidation of alkenes. Using the various methods of the present invention, the R,S-epoxide and the intermediary compounds can be prepared reliably, in high yields and in high purity.

Tropospheric Carbon Monoxide Measurements From The Scanning High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder On 7 September 2000 In Southern Africa During Safari 2000, W. W. Mcmillan, M. L. Mccourt, H. E. Revercomb, R. O. Knuteson, Ted J. Christian, B. G. Doddridge, Peter V. Hobbs, J. V. Lukovich, P. C. Novelli, S. J. Piketh, L. Sparling, D. Stein, R. J. Swap, Robert J. Yokelson

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

[1] Retrieved tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) column densities are presented for more than 9000 spectra obtained by the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UWis) Scanning High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder (SHIS) during a flight on the NASA ER-2 on 7 September 2000 as part of the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) dry season field campaign. Enhancements in tropospheric column CO were detected in the vicinity of a controlled biomass burn in the Timbavati Game Reserve in northeastern South Africa and over the edge of the river of smoke in south central Mozambique. Relatively clean air was observed over the far southern coast …

Emissions Of Trace Gases And Particles From Savanna Fires In Southern Africa, Parikhit Sinha, Peter V. Hobbs, Robert J. Yokelson, I. T. Bertschi, Donald R. Blake, Isobel J. Simpson, Song Gao, Thomas W. Kirschsetter, Tica Novakov

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

[1] Airborne measurements made on initial smoke from 10 savanna fires in southern Africa provide quantitative data on emissions of 50 gaseous and particulate species, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, ammonia, dimethyl sulfide, nonmethane organic compounds, halocarbons, gaseous organic acids, aerosol ionic components, carbonaceous aerosols, and condensation nuclei (CN). Measurements of several of the gaseous species by gas chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are compared. Emission ratios and emission factors are given for eight species that have not been reported previously for biomass burning of savanna in southern Africa (namely, dimethyl sulfide, methyl nitrate, …

Evolution Of Gases And Particles From A Savanna Fire In South Africa, Peter V. Hobbs, Parikhit Sinha, Robert J. Yokelson, Ted J. Christian, Donald R. Blake, Song Gao, Thomas W. Kirschsetter, Tica Novakov, Peter Pilewskie

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

[1] Airborne measurements of particles and gases from a 1000-ha savanna fire in South Africa are presented. These measurements represent the most extensive data set reported on the aging of biomass smoke. The measurements include total concentrations of particles (CN), particle sizes, particulate organic carbon and black carbon, light-scattering coefficients, downwelling UV fluxes, and mixing ratios for 42 trace gases and 7 particulate species. The ratios of excess nitrate, ozone, and gaseous acetic acid to excess CO increased significantly as the smoke aged over ∼40–45 min, indicating that these species were formed by photochemistry in the plume. For 17 other …

Trace Gas And Particle Emissions From Fires In Large Diameter And Belowground Biomass Fuels, Isaac T. Bertschi, Robert J. Yokelson, Darold E. Ward, R. E. Babbitt, Ronald A. Susott, Jon G. Goode, Wei Min Hao

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

[1] We adopt a working definition of residual smoldering combustion (RSC) as biomass combustion that produces emissions that are not lofted by strong fire-induced convection. RSC emissions can be produced for up to several weeks after the passage of a flame front and they are mostly unaffected by flames. Fuels prone to RSC include downed logs, duff, and organic soils. Limited observations in the tropics and the boreal forest suggest that RSC is a globally significant source of emissions to the troposphere. This source was previously uncharacterized. We measured the first emission factors (EF) for RSC in a series of …

Examination Of The Role Of The Clamp-Loader And Atp Hydrolysis In The Formation Of The Bacteriophage T4 Polymerase Holoenzyme, Michael A. Trakselis, Anthony J. Berdis, Stephen J. Benkovic

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Transient kinetic analyses further support the role of the clamp-loader in bacteriophage T4 as a catalyst which loads the clamp onto DNA through the sequential hydrolysis of two molecules of ATP before and after addition of DNA. Additional rapid-quench and pulse-chase experiments have documented this stoichiometry. The events of ATP hydrolysis have been related to the opening/closing of the clamp protein through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). In the absence of a hydrolysable form of ATP, the distance across the subunit interface of the clamp does not increase as measured by intramolecular FRET, suggesting gp45 cannot be loaded onto DNA. …

Trace Gas Emissions From The Production And Use Of Domestic Biofuels In Zambia Measured By Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Isaac T. Bertschi, Robert J. Yokelson, Darold E. Ward, Ted J. Christian, Wei Min Hao

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

[1] Domestic biomass fuels (biofuels) were recently estimated to be the second largest source of carbon emissions from global biomass burning. Wood and charcoal provide approximately 90% and 10% of domestic energy in tropical Africa. In September 2000, we used open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopy to quantify 18 of the most abundant trace gases emitted by wood and charcoal cooking fires and an earthen charcoal-making kiln in Zambia. These are the first in situ measurements of an extensive suite of trace gases emitted by tropical biofuel burning. We report emission ratios (ER) and emission factors (EF) for (in order …

Phosphoproteomic Studies Of Smooth Muscle Contraction: Investigation Of Differential Phosphorylation In Relaxed/Contracted Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Tissue Using Maldi-Tof Ms, Tonya M. Pekar

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Many human disorders are associated with the malfunction of smooth muscle tissue, or are related to the capabilities of its proper function—asthma, glaucoma, renal inefficiency, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Dysfunctional proteins are frequently implicated as the source of such disorders. As the second highest cause of death in the United States, the epidemic of cardiovascular disease makes the study of smooth muscle of utmost concern.

The capabilities of proteomics and mass spectrometry allow the entire proteome complement of a cell or tissue type to be analyzed at once. This investigation employs such techniques in an effort to better understand the …

Tetratricopeptide Repeat Motif-Mediated Hsc70-Msti1 Interaction Molecular Characterization Of The Critical Contacts For Successful Binding And Specificity*, Odutayo O. Odunuge, Judith A. Hornby, Chrisiane Bies, Richard Zimmermann, David J. Pugh, Gregory L. Blatch

Faculty Publications

Murine stress-inducible protein 1 (mSTI1) is a cochaperone that is homologous with the human Hsp70/ Hsp90-organizing protein (Hop). Guided by Hop structural data and sequence alignment analyses, we have used site-directed mutagenesis, co-precipitation assays, circular dichroism spectroscopy, steady-state fluorescence, and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy to both qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the contacts necessary for the N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat domain (TPR1) of mSTI1 to bind to heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) and to discriminate between Hsc70 and Hsp90. We have shown that substitutions in the first TPR motif of Lys8 or Asn12 did not affect binding of mSTI1 to Hsc70, …

Fluorescence Determination Of Tryptophan Side-Chain Accessibility And Dynamics In Triple-Helical Collagen-Like Peptides, K. V. Simon-Lukasik, A. V. Persikov, B. Brodsky, J. A. M. Ramshaw, William Laws, J. B. A. Ross, R. D. Ludescher

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

We report tryptophan fluorescence measurements of emission intensity, iodide quenching, and anisotropy that describe the environment and dynamics at X and Y sites in stable collagen-like peptides of sequence (Gly-X-Y)(n). About 90% of tryptophans at both sites have similar solvent exposed fluorescence properties and a lifetime of 8.5-9 ns. Analysis of anisotropy decays using an associative model indicates that these long lifetime populations undergo rapid depolarizing motion with a 0.5 ns correlation time; however, the extent of fast motion at the Y site is considerably less than the essentially unrestricted motion at the X site. About 10% of tryptophans at …

Constrained Analysis Of Fluorescence Anisotropy Decay: Application To Experimental Protein Dynamics, E. Feinstein, G. Deikus, E. Rusinova, E. L. Rachofsky, J. B. A. Ross, William Laws

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Hydrodynamic properties as well as structural dynamics of proteins can be investigated by the well-established experimental method of fluorescence anisotropy decay. Successful use of this method depends on determination of the correct kinetic model, the extent of cross-correlation between parameters in the fitting function, and differences between the timescales; of the depolarizing motions and the fluorophore's fluorescence lifetime. We have tested the utility of an independently measured steady-state anisotropy value as a constraint during data analysis to reduce parameter cross correlation and to increase the timescales over which anisotropy decay parameters can be recovered accurately for two calcium-binding proteins. Mutant …

Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin Neurons Are Glucose Responsive And Express Katp Channels, Nurhadi Ibrahim, Martha A. Bosch, James L. Smart, Jian Qiu, Marcelo Rubinstein, Oline K. Rønnekleiv, Malcolm J. Low, Martin J. Kelly

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are critical for controlling homeostatic functions in the mammal. We used a transgenic mouse model in which the POMC neurons were labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein to perform visualized, whole-cell patch recordings from prepubertal female hypothalamic slices. The mouse POMC-enhanced green fluorescent protein neurons expressed the same endogenous conductances (a transient outward K current and a hyperpolarization-activated, cation current) that have been described for guinea pig POMC neurons. In addition, the selective -opioid receptor agonist DAMGO induced an outward current (maximum of 12.8 1.2 pA), which reversed at K equilibrium potential (EK), in the majority …

The Anorexigenic Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor, C75, Is A Nonspecific Neuronal Activator, Kanji A. Takahashi, James L. Smart, Hongyan Liu, Roger D. Cone

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

C75, a recently derived compound that potently suppresses feeding and induces weight loss, has been proposed to act mainly by inhibiting fatty acid synthase (FAS) in central neurons that control feeding. For example, normal, fasting- associated, hypothalamic increases in neuropeptide Y (NPY)/Agouti-related protein (AGRP) expression and decreases in proopiomelanocortin (POMC)/cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) expression were reported to be blocked by C75. Using loose-patch extracellular recording in acute slices, we tested the effect of C75 on anorexigenic POMC neurons and orexigenic NPY neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, which were identified by promoter-driven GFP expression, as well as on …

Analysis Of Phycotoxin And Mycotoxin, Contaminants In Foods, Using Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry Techniques, Ana Brana Magdalena

Theses

The impact of phycotoxins and mycotoxins on human and animal health are of important concern for worldwide authorities and the scientific community. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques have been developed, optimised and validated for the analysis of these toxins.

Phycotoxins are potentially toxic substances, which are produced by marine phytoplankton and which may accumulate in shellfish or finfish. Azaspiracid poisoning (AZP) is a recently discovered syndrome that has been implicated in several incidents of human intoxications. A study was undertaken to examine the distribution of azaspiracids (AZA) in scallops {Pecten maximiis) and mussels {Mytiliis edulis). Domoic acid (DA) is an …

Sedimentological And Plant Taphonomic Evaluation Of The Early Middle Devonian Trout Valley Formation, Jonathan Allen

Honors Theses

The Trout Valley Formation of Emsian-Eifelian age, outcropped in Baxter State Park, Maine, consists offluvial and coastal deposits preserving early land plants. Massive, crudely bedded conglomerate represents deposits of proximal braided channels on an alluvial fan complex. Lithic sandstone bodies in channel-form geometries represent deposits of river channels draining the Acadian highlands whereas associated siltstones represent overbank deposits, intertidal flats, and tidal channels. Localized lenticular quartz arenites represent nearshore shelf bar deposits that were storm influenced. The majority of plant assemblages preserved mainly in siltstone lithologies are allochthonous and parautochthonous, with only one autochthonous assemblage identified in the sequence. Plant …

Effects Of A Yec Apologetics Class On Student Worldview, David A. Dewitt, Steve Deckard, Sharon E. Cargo

Faculty Publications and Presentations

Creationism is a significant component of an overall Christian worldview. A Creation Worldview Test (CWT) was administered to students both before and after completion of a required Apologetics course dealing with the creation/evolution controversy. Pre-test analysis revealed that incoming students tend to have a creationist worldview, however their CWT scores reflected a degree of uncertainty or neutrality on scientific creation and the age of the earth. Post-test analysis showed a significant shift toward a young earth creationist (YEC) view. Implications for teaching apologetics and development of a Creationist worldview based on a Six-day Young Earth perspective were explored and identified.

Phylogenomic Identification Of Five New Human Homologs Of The Dna Repair Enzyme Alkb, Michal A. Kurowski, Ashok S. Bhagwat, Grzegorz Papaj, Janusz M. Bujnicki

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Combination of biochemical and bioinformatic analyses led to the discovery of oxidative demethylation – a novel DNA repair mechanism catalyzed by the Escherichia coli AlkB protein and its two human homologs, hABH2 and hABH3. This discovery was based on the prediction made by Aravind and Koonin that AlkB is a member of the 2OG-Fe²⁺ oxygenase superfamily.

Results

In this article, we report identification and sequence analysis of five human members of the (2OG-Fe²⁺) oxygenase superfamily designated here as hABH4 through hABH8. These experimentally uncharacterized and poorly annotated genes were not associated with the AlkB family …

Table Of Contents

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

President's Message

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Histological Effect Of Ascocotyle Tenuicollis (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Metacercarial Infection On The Heart Of Fundulus Heteroclitus (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae), Toni Hicks, Edna Steele

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Par Mediation Of Thrombin-Induced Effects On Motoneurons, Nadim Salman, Drew Watkins, Kate Hamel, Lakisha Gadsden, Sarah Funderburk, Victoria Turgeon

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Embryogenesis In The Japanese Medaka, Oryzias Latipes, Laura Harris Harris, Lisa Sims, Roxann Stachiw

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

2002 & 2003 Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

South Carolina Statewide Science Safety Project., Linda Sinclair, Jack Gerlovich, Rahul A. Parsa

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Some Notes On Multiplicative Congruential Random Number Generators With Mersenne Prime Modulus 261-1., James Harris

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Maternal And Sibling Influences On Seed Germination Of Aegilops Triuncialis Erin, Erin Scott, Andrew R. Dyer

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Scas Officers And Council Members 2003 - 2004

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Critical Thinking And Biology Instruction., David J. Stroup, John L. Frola

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Urer, The Transcriptional Activator Of The Proteus Mirabilis Urease Gene Cluster, Is Required For Urease Activity And Virulence In Experimental Urinary Tract Infections, Jonathan D. Dattelbaum, C. Virginia Lockatell, David E. Johnson, Harry L.T. Mobley

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Proteus mirabilis, a cause of complicated urinary tract infection, produces urease, an essential virulence factor for this species. UreR, a member of the AraC/XylS family of transcriptional regulators, positively activates expression of the ure gene cluster in the presence of urea. To specifically evaluate the contribution of UreR to urease activity and virulence in the urinary tract, a ureR mutation was introduced into P. mirabilis HI4320 by homologous recombination. The isogenic ureR::aphA mutant, deficient in UreR production, lacked measurable urease activity. Expression was not detected in the UreR-deficient strain by Western blotting with monoclonal antibodies raised against UreD. Urease …