Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Principles Of Physics Ii (Ga Southern), William Baird, Jeffery Secrest

Physics and Astronomy Grants Collections

This Grants Collection for Principles of Physics II was created under a Round Twelve ALG Textbook Transformation Grant.

Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process.

Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials:

• Linked Syllabus
• Initial Proposal
• Final Report

A Brief Review Of Modern Uses Of Scattering Techniques, Daniel M. Wade, Dereth J. Drake

Georgia Journal of Science

Thomson, Rayleigh, Mie, and Raman scattering are commonly used in several disciplines in science and engineering. The techniques involve the scattering of electromagnetic radiation or particles in a sample. This paper provides a brief history for each scattering method, describes the traditional laboratory approach for implementation, and discusses current uses and variations of these four techniques.

Kinematics And Dynamics Of Lead Climbing, Arik B. Espineli

Honors Projects

The goal of this research is to gain a better understanding of the kinematics and dynamics involved with lead climbing. Digital accelerometers, load sensors, and slow motion cameras were used to conduct both small and large scale testing of different factors of that might effect a climber and belayer during lead climbing. Rope elasticity and belayer movement were the two factors that were looked at for this research. Small scale testing was done using rigid masses, cords with different levels of elasticity, and a pulley system to simulate anchor points. From the small scale testing it was found that a …

Quantifying Complex Systems Via Computational Fly Swarms, Troy Taylor

Senior Theses

Complexity is prevalent both in natural and in human-made systems, yet is not well understood quantitatively. Qualitatively, complexity describes a phenomena in which a system composed of individual pieces, each having simple interactions with one another, results in interesting bulk properties that would otherwise not exist. One example of a complex biological system is the bird flock, in particular, a starling murmuration. Starlings are known to move in the direction of their neighbors and avoid collisions with fellow starlings, but as a result of these simple movement choices, the flock as a whole tends to exhibit fluid-like movements and form …

A Survey Of Dark Matter Candidates And Relations To Particle Physics And General Relativity, Tyler Martell

Honors Program Theses and Projects

Cosmological observations of certain galaxies suggest that the amount of known, measured matter accounted for by the Standard Model of Particle Physics (SM) in those systems is insufficient to account for galactic mechanics (orbital paths and velocities). These observations have led physicists to believe that either General Relativity (GR) is incomplete, or that there exist new sources of yet-to-be detected matter, that may or may not be consistent with SM, called dark matter. Neither GR nor the SM can alone be considered complete theories of the universe for GR is not quantum

mechanical and the SM does not include GR. …

Transferring Power Through A Magnetic Couple, Nickolas Cruz Villalobos Jr.

Senior Theses

Properties of several working magnetic coupled rotors have been measured and their performance compared to theoretical models. Axial magnetic couplers allow rotors to work within harsh environments, without the need for seals, proper alignment, or overload protection on a motor. The influence of geometrical parameters, such as distance from the center of the rotors, polarity arrangement, and the number of dipole pairs were experimentally tested. These results can be used to improve rotor designs, to increase strength and efficiency.

Exploring The Electrical Properties Of Twisted Bilayer Graphene, William Shannon

Senior Theses

Two-dimensional materials exhibit properties unlike anything else seen in conventional substances. Electrons in these materials are confined to move only in the plane. In order to explore the effects of these materials, we have built apparatus and refined procedures with which to create two-dimensional structures. Two-dimensional devices have been made using exfoliated graphene and placed on gold contacts. Their topography has been observed using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) confirming samples with monolayer, bilayer, and twisted bilayer structure. Relative work functions of each have been measured using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) showing that twisted bilayer graphene has a surface potential …

Manufacturing And Testing The Permanent Magnet Linear Motor, Renjie Kang

Senior Theses

Controlled mechanical motion is vital in many useful applications in technology. Among them, linear motors have advantages over traditional rotating motors. In this work, we built a permanent magnet linear motor to test and measure its energy efficiency. A maximum 29% total energy efficiency, and 67% energy transfer rate, were detected. In addition, a C-shape support structure was added to the moving part in order to increase the moving accuracy. The tests show that, with the support structure, the fluctuation in the vertical direction decreases significantly, but the friction of the system slightly increases.

Quartic Metamaterials: The Inverse Method, Perturbations, And Bulk Optical Neutrality, Thomas Mulkey

Honors College Theses

A primary goal of photonics is designing material structures that support predetermined electromagnetic field distributions. We have developed an inverse method to determine material parameters for a quartic metamaterial from six desired plane waves. This work inspired us to study how perturbations to the parameters can result in optical neutrality.

Physics 4900, David Maughan

Physics Capstone Projects

More than a century has passed since Albert Einstein published his general theory of relativity. The theory has been tested many times experimentally, primarily in the relatively weak gravitational fields of the solar system [1,2]. More recently the first experimental results from the strong gravitational fields of two black holes have been measured in the form of gravitational waves, which are another prediction of general relativity. The 2017 Nobel prize in physics was awarded to Kip Thorne, Rainer Weiss, and Barry Barish for their role in the detection of gravitational waves. This year we have seen the first image of …

Specification-Based Grading Resources For Openstax College Physics (Ggc), Edward Forringer

Physics and Astronomy Ancillary Materials

This collection of ancillary materials for Introductory Biology was created under a Round Eleven Mini-Grant for Ancillary Materials Creation and Revision. Included are the following resources to assist a faculty member in implementing specification grading in an introductory physics course using OpenStax College Physics:

• Specification Grading Guide
• Specification Documents
• Quizzes
• Practice Final Exam

Author's Description:

"Rather than grading each assignment with partial credit and then taking a weighted average of your assignments to find a grade, this course uses a set of course expectations called “specifications” (spec for short). Each spec has an associated quiz. Some specifications are designated “critical.” …

Adding Student Video Projects To Physics Courses, David Abbott, Andrew Roberts, Dan L. Macisaac, Kathleen Falconer, Florian Genz, Stefan Hoffmann, Andre Bresges, Jeremias Weber

Videos for Physics Teaching

Physics students have traditionally prepared many kinds of reports—laboratory, activity, project, and even book or article reports. Smartphones and YouTube videos are familiar cultural objects to current students, and our students use smartphone cameras to include photographs of apparatus, phenomena, hand-sketched figures, graphs, and mathematical equations in their physics reports. Here we present basic techniques for physics students to use smartphones and tablets to create short (< 5 min) end-of-semester video projects. Our students mainly use Apple Computer’s iPad1 tablets, but also other tablets and various smartphones. Finally we discuss appropriate instructor expectations and grading. Similar non-physics student video reporting efforts were reported using video cameras by Kearney,2 and Hechter and Guy.3

The Hottest Color For The Fastest Ride: A Problem-Based Unit Of Instruction For The Elementary And Middle School Science Classroom, Madison Wells

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

There is a major gap in the availability of Next Generation Science Standard focused curriculum that effectively utilizes technology to solve real-world problems in an authentic way. “The Hottest Color for the Fastest Ride” will allow students to participate in the real-world application of reflection absorption of light and heat due to color through designing, building, and testing two dual-tone corvettes. This three-day unit of physics instruction designed for fourth- and fifth- grade science classrooms will be tied to a grand challenge that tasks the students with designing a dual-tone car that will stay cool during Kentucky’s hot summer weather …

Ordered Growth Of Ferroelectric Diisopropylammonium-Bromide Microcrystals Through Slotted-Jar Growth And Lithographically Controlled Wetting, Andrew J. Fanning

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Organic molecular ferroelectrics show promise for industry applications because of their switchable high spontaneous polarization value, mechanical flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. Since these materials, namely diisopropylammonium bromide, exhibit ferroelectricity only in tandem with a high level of crystallinity, novel methods must be explored in order to ensure that high levels of crystallinity are achieved. This project seeked to perfect the methods of Slotted Jar Growth and Lithographically Controlled Wetting (LCW). Slotted Jar Growth uses temperature driven solution saturation to grow crystals on a desired substrate. LCW drives the growth of microscopic diisopropylammonium bromide crystals, in their ferroelectric phase, through the use …

Identified Flying Objects: A Multidisciplinary Scientific Approach To The Ufo Phenomenon, Dr. Michael P. Masters

Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Books

Identified Flying Objects cautiously examines the premise that ‘UFOs’ & ‘Aliens’ are simply our distant human descendants, returning from the future to study their own hominin evolutionary past. This text challenges readers to consider new possibilities while cultivating conversations about our ever-evolving understanding of time & time travel.

Efficient Numerical Methods For Chemotaxis And Plasma Modulation Instability Studies, Truong B. Nguyen

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, we develop efficient numerical solvers for nonlinear systems of partial differential equations (PDEs). These systems of PDEs concern two different sets of physical problems. The first set includes chemotaxis models such as Keller-Segel models and cancer cell invasion models. Solutions of these models are observed to experience the blow-up phenomenon or the development of sharp and spiky features. Therefore, efficient and accurate numerical techniques must be employed in order to capture the solutions' behaviors. For this research, we design efficient solvers for these systems in the one and two spatial dimensions. In particular, we plan to apply …

Improved Momentum Spread For Precision Physics Experiments Using Wedges, Nick Amato

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

High precision experiments have become key in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model. One measurement that can be made in order to expand our knowledge of the Standard Model is the precise measurement of the magnetic dipole moment (MDM) of the muon. In order to perform this precise measurement of the MDM of muons, the storage of particles with a precisely known momentum in a highly uniform magnetic field is required.

This thesis is focused on how one may use a wedge of energy absorbing material and the optical parameters of an accelerator lattice to improve upon the …

Spectroscopy Of Neon For The Advanced Undergraduate Laboratory, H. C. Busch, M. B. Cooper, C. I. Sukenik

Physics Faculty Publications

We describe a spectroscopy experiment, suitable for upper-division laboratory courses, that investigates saturated absorption spectroscopy and polarization spectroscopy in a neon discharge. Both experiments use nearly identical components, allowing students to explore both techniques in a single apparatus. Furthermore, because the wavelength of the laser is in the visible part of the spectrum (640 nm), the experiment is well-suited for students with limited experience in optical alignment. The labs nicely complement a course in atomic or plasma physics, provide students with the opportunity to gain important technical skills in the area of optics and lasers, and can provide an introduction …

Large Transverse Momentum In Semi-Inclusive Deeply Inelastic Scattering Beyond Lowest Order, B. Wang, J. O. Gonzalez-Hernandez, T. C. Rogers, N. Sato

Physics Faculty Publications

Motivated by recently observed tension between O(α²_s) calculations of very large transverse momentum dependence in both semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering and Drell-Yan scattering, we repeat the details of the calculation through an O(α²_s) transversely differential cross section. The results confirm earlier calculations, and provide further support to the observation that tension exists with current parton distribution and fragmentation functions.

Instability Of Flux Flow And Production Of Vortex-Antivortex Pairs By Current-Driven Josephson Vortices In Layered Superconductors, Ahmad Sheikhzada, Alex Gurevich

Physics Faculty Publications

We report numerical simulations of the nonlinear dynamics of Josephson vortices driven by strong dc currents in layered superconductors. Dynamic equations for interlayer phase differences in a stack of coupled superconducting layers were solved to calculate a drag coefficient η(J) of the vortex as a function of the perpendicular dc current density J. It is shown that Cherenkov radiation produced by a moving vortex causes significant radiation drag increasing η(v) at high vortex velocities v and striking instabilities of driven Josephson vortices moving faster than a terminal v_c. The steady-state flux flow breaks down at ν > v …

Form Factors Of Two-Hadron States From A Covariant Finite-Volume Formalism, Alessandro Baroni, Raúl Briceño, Maxwell T. Hansen, Felipe G. Ortega-Gama

Physics Faculty Publications

In this work we develop a Lorentz-covariant version of the previously derived formalism for relating finite-volume matrix elements to 2 + J → 2 transition amplitudes. We also give various details relevant for the implementation of this formalism in a realistic numerical lattice QCD calculation. Particular focus is given to the role of single-particle form factors in disentangling finite-volume effects from the triangle diagram that arise when J couples to one of the two hadrons. This also leads to a new finite-volume function, denoted G, the numerical evaluation of which is described in detail. As an example we discuss …

Announcement: In Memory Of Yong Ho Chin, Michael Thoennessen, Debbie Brodbar, Brant Johnson, Jean Delayen, Dan Kulp, Frank Zimmermann, Maria Poko

Physics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Magnetocaloric Effect & Performance Of Magnetocaloric Materials In A 1d Active Magnetic Regenerator Simulation, Daniel Nicholas Bayer

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Active magnetic regenerators (AMRs) operate according to the magnetothermal phenomenon known as the magnetocaloric effect (MCE), and are at the forefront of magnetic cooling technology. AMR simulations have been shown to be useful tools in predicting the performance of different magnetocaloric materials (MCMs) without the need to develop a physical prototype. In a search to determine the set of operational parameters which would maximize MCM performance, a 1D simulation of an AMR device has been developed in Matlab. Gadolinium, the most well-documented MCM, is used as a benchmark material to study the effects of varying certain operational parameters such as …

Development Of Nonlocal Green-Kubo Formalism With Applications To Coupled Heat And Mass Transport, Kevin Fernando

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Nonlocal equations for coupled heat and mass transport are developed within the Green-Kubo formalism. Nonlocal thermal transport in Lennard-Jones solids is computed to establish the existence of semi-ballistic transport. Deviations from the diffusive theory are shown by comparing the Fourier transform of the response function from the nonlocal theory to that of the diffusive one. It is shown that the deviations from the local theory correspond to acoustic phonons, whose frequency dependence gives rise to the observed deviations from the local theory.

Practical Chaos: Using Dynamical Systems To Encrypt Audio And Visual Data, Julia Ruiter

Scripps Senior Theses

Although dynamical systems have a multitude of classical uses in physics and applied mathematics, new research in theoretical computer science shows that dynamical systems can also be used as a highly secure method of encrypting data. Properties of Lorenz and similar systems of equations yield chaotic outputs that are good at masking the underlying data both physically and mathematically. This paper aims to show how Lorenz systems may be used to encrypt text and image data, as well as provide a framework for how physical mechanisms may be built using these properties to transmit encrypted wave signals.

Delivering Sustained, Coordinated, And Integrated Observations Of The Southern Ocean For Global Impact, Louise Newman, Petra Heil, Rowan Tebilco, Katsuro Katsumata, Andrew Constable, Esmee Van Wijk, Karen Assmann, Joana Beja, Phillippa Bricher, Richard Coleman, Daniel Costa, Steve Diggs, Riccardo Farneti, Sarah Fawcett, Sarah T. Gille, Katharine R. Hendry, Sian Henly, Eileen Hofmann, Ted Maksym, Matthew Mazloff, Andrew Meijers, Michael M. Meredith, Sebastien Moreau, Burcu Ozsoy, Robin Robertson, Irene Schloss, Oscar Schofield, Jiuxin Shi, Elisabeth Sikes, Inga J. Smith, Sebastiaan Swart, Anna Wahlin, Guy Williams, Michael J. M. Williams, Laura Herraiz-Borreguero, Stefan Kern, Jan Lieser, Robert A. Massom, Jessica Melbourne-Thomas, Patricia Miloslavich, Gunnar Spreen

CCPO Publications

The Southern Ocean is disproportionately important in its effect on the Earth system, impacting climatic, biogeochemical, and ecological systems, which makes recent observed changes to this system cause for global concern. The enhanced understanding and improvements in predictive skill needed for understanding and projecting future states of the Southern Ocean require sustained observations. Over the last decade, the Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS) has established networks for enhancing regional coordination and research community groups to advance development of observing system capabilities. These networks support delivery of the SOOS 20-year vision, which is to develop a circumpolar system that ensures time …

Florida Science: The Science That Makes Florida Different, Terence W. Cavanaugh

Secondary Level Resources

This book was created to assist students with their understanding of how science occurs in Florida. When teaching science or any subject it’s important to remember to begin with the concrete and then move to the abstract. I have found that it has helped my students when I begin by teaching science concepts in a concrete manner and expand from there. For example, when I taught about topographic maps, the students were much more successful in their learning when I started with local topographic maps that included the school and the surrounding area than with places that had mountains or …

Investigation Of Narrow Bipolar Events In Mississippi Thunderstorms, Sampath Asiri Bandara

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the first part of the study FA and Log-RF data were used to examine low-altitude (<8.0 km) negative NBEs (NNBEs) to see how many -CG flashes were initiated by NNBEs. Out of 686 -CG flashes only 33 (5%) flashes were initiated by an NNBE. These NNBEs occurred at an average altitude of 6.2 km had average amplitude (range-normalized amplitude to 100 km) of 0.4 V/m and had average VHF (Log-RF) power of 130 W. Since the low-altitude NNBEs were substantially weaker than positive NBEs that initiate intracloud (IC) flashes it is hypothesized that -CG flashes are easier to initiate than IC flashes. The second part of the study investigated the properties of 201 positive NBEs (+NBEs). The +NBEs were classified in two ways: into Types A-D [Karunarathne et al. 2015] and into three different groups: Isolated Not-isolated and IC flash-initiator or INBE [Wu et al. 2014]. The average VHF (Log-RF) power of NBEs within the A-D categories were 1.9 4 9.8 and 13.2 kW respectively while the powers for the Isolated Not-isolated and INBE categories were 10.1 4 and 10.1 kW respectively. The third study considered 34 NBEs that occurred close in space and time to each other: 13 pairs of NBEs one group of three +NBEs and one group of five +NBEs. The NBEs were overlaid on radar data of the parent thunderstorms. The data indicate that the individual NBEs in each group initiated in separate intense electric field regions of small extent rather than in a single large-scale electric field region. This dissertation investigates Narrow Bipolar Events (NBEs) which are a type of short-duration (10- 30 µs) lightning discharge. The study primarily used data from NBEs collected in 2016 at seven sensor sites within 50 km of Oxford Mississippi USA. Each sensor site had three electromagnetic antennas called Fast Antenna (FA) dE⁄dt and Log-RF with bandwidths of 0-2.5 MHz 0-1.0 MHz and 186-192 MHz respectively. NBEs are often isolated from other lightning events in thunderclouds but they sometimes initiate negative cloud-to-ground (-CG) and intracloud (IC) lightning flashes or they can occur during these flashes.

Modelling Potential Fluctuations In Double Layer Graphene Systems As A Periodic Oscillation In Electron Density & Its Effect On Coulomb Drag, Ryan Bogucki

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

An expression for the drag transresistivity in a graphene double layer system exhibiting potential fluctuations modelled as a periodic oscillation in electron density is derived. Our model starts from the Coulombic interaction and we derive the correlation between a sinusoidal fluctuation in electron density in the first layer and the induced electron density in the second layer. Previous models in the literature have employed an arbitrary correlation between each layer’s electron density, and the model presented is the first attempt in the literature to explicitly derive this correlation. Recent experiments have found that the drag transresistivity in graphene double layers …

Exploring The Diffuse Neutral Hydrogen In And Around Nearby Galaxies, Amy Sardone

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

We explore the environment of 36 nearby galaxies in neutral hydrogen (H I) as part of the MeerKAT H I Observations of Nearby Galactic Objects; Observing Southern Emitters (MHONGOOSE) survey with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT), and the Imaging Galaxies Intergalactic and Nearby En- vironment (IMAGINE) survey with the Parkes Radio Telescope. We obtained deep observations of each of these galaxies, reaching column density detection sensitivities as low as NHI ∼ 1e17 cm^−2, which allowed us to quantify the amount of diffuse H I in both samples of galaxies. This allows us to search for evidence of …