Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Amphiphilic Block Copolymers And The Applications In Therapeutics Delivery, Jie Dou

Dissertations

Well-defined thermo-responsive triblock copolymers containing polyethylene oxide (PEO) and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) PNIPAM are synthesized by a type of living controlled polymerization, named iniferter polymerization. The polymers are amphiphilic in nature and are self-assembled into a micelle. Their properties and application are characterized and investigated in this work.

Foremost, the initiator of the polymerization (iniferter) is designed and synthesized by condensation polymerization, where PEO is incorporated into the structure to improve biocompatibility, which has great potential for biological application. Moreover, this iniferter reagent could be applied to more than 70 percent of vinyl monomers.

NIPAM, a commercial vinyl monomer, is chosen …

Biotransformation And Biodefluorination Of Fluorotelomer Carboxylic Acids, Chen Wu

Dissertations

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), a class of emerging contaminants of concern, have attacked unprecedented attention given their prevalent detection and adverse health effects. Primary regulatory attention has been focused on PFOA, PFOS, and other perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). Recent investigations revealed that fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (FTCAs), particularly 5:3 FTCA and 6:2 FTCA, were dominant in landfill leachates and other environmental matrixes. FTCAs are also found as common intermediates during the biotransformation of PFAA precursors. Unfortunately, FTCAs have higher bioaccumulating potential and are at least two orders more toxic than their corresponding PFCAs. However, information regarding the potentials and mechanisms of …

Implementation Of Ahp And Black Box Testing To The Development Of An Information System For Assessing The Feasibility Of Bumdes Submissions, Hari Toha Hidayat, Husaini Husaini, Nanang Prihatin, Radhiyatammardhiyyah Radhiyatammardhiyyah

Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)

The existence of institutional village enterprises (BUMDES) has never been adequately monitored in terms of the growth of village-owned businesses in each village. According to the data, there are 17 BUMDES in the Muara District that have been inactive for the most part. Due to the difficulty of monitoring the progress of BUMDES, a significant number of them have become stalled or even inactive. In addition, many BUMDES managers are frequently unprepared to operate the newly opened business. Readiness in terms of the quality of human resources also affects the formation of BUMDES. Consequently, the objective of this study is …

Comparison Of Web 2.0 Use On State University Websites In Indonesia And Top World Universities Related To Webometric Ranking, Handaru Jati

Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)

The present work determines the presence in the web 2.0 that twenty universities had through their educational portals. The universities are selected according to the Webometrics ranking (the ten best located in Indonesia and the best located worldwide) to identify what Web 2.0 tools they use. This study explores the educational portals of the twenty selected universities to determine which Web 2.0 tools they use and variables of the tools found will be assessed. The study only considers those Web 2.0 tools which are linked to the websites of universities. Of the two most used tools, the relevant indicators are …

2022 - Tennessee Annual Climate Summary, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University

Tennessee Climate Office Monthly Reports

No abstract provided.

Isotopic Signature Of Massive, Buried Ice In Eastern Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Implications For Its Origin, Christopher B. Gardner, Melisa A. Diaz, Devin F. Smith, Andrew G. Fountain, Joseph S. Levy, W. Berry Lyons

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

The coastal regions of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, contain deposits of the Ross Sea Drift, sedimentary material left from the Ross Sea ice sheet from the advance of the West Antarctic ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. Much of this deposit is ice-cored, but data on the stable isotopic composition of water from this ice, which may contain a valuable climate archive, are sparse or incomplete. Widespread thermokarstic ground subsidence in this “coastal thaw zone” of the McMurdo Dry Valleys suggests that these potential records are rapidly being lost due to the melting of ground ice and permafrost. …

Exploratory Study On Human Factors Affecting Safety In The Shipyard Of Pakistan, Bisma Khan

World Maritime University Dissertations

The study of human factors has emerged as a critical element in understanding and improving the safety requirements of Pakistan’s shipyard. The dissertation attempts to study human factors in the risk-based environment and challenging duties of the employees associated with shipyard resulting in accidents and injuries.

While technology and equipment contribute to safety, human actions, decisions, and behaviours often play a critical role in causing accidents. As the number of accidents was increasing in the shipyard, the researcher realised the need to explore contributing factors. A quantitative survey approach was adopted to collect information. The results were compared among employees …

Spatial Analysis Of Groundwater Potential: A Firsthand Approach Towards Groundwater Development In Moroto District, Uganda, Musa W. Lowot, Augustina C. Alexander

Tanzania Journal of Science

Groundwater is a vital resource that helps mankind and development. However, in Moroto District challenges of groundwater development has increased arising from changes in rainfall patterns coupled with high abstraction from population increase. In this study, the spatial variability of groundwater potential was assessed to develop a tool that will aid decision on groundwater potential sites selection for groundwater development/exploration. The study utilized an integrated technique and tools such as Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in analysis and delineation of potential areas for successful groundwater development. The generated map through weighted overlay …

Applying Data Science And Machine Learning To Understand Health Care Transition For Adolescents And Emerging Adults With Special Health Care Needs, Lisamarie Turk

Nursing ETDs

A problem of classification places adolescents and emerging adults with special health care needs among the most at risk for poor or life-threatening health outcomes. This preliminary proof-of-concept study was conducted to determine if phenotypes of health care transition (HCT) for this vulnerable population could be established. Such phenotypes could support development of future studies that require data classifications as input. Mining of electronic health record data and cluster analysis were implemented to identify phenotypes. Subsequently, a machine learning concept model was developed for predicting acute care and medical condition severity. Three clusters were identified and described (Cluster 1, n …

Detection Of Human, Porcine And Canine Picornaviruses In Municipal Sewage Sludge Using Pan-Enterovirus Amplicon-Based Long-Read Illumina Sequencing., Temitope O. C. Faleye, Erin M. Driver, Devin A. Bowes, Rochelle H. Holm, Daymond Talley, Ray Yeager, Aruni Bhatnagar, Ted Smith, Arvind Varsani, Rolf U. Halden, Matthew Scotch

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

We describe the successful detection of human, porcine and canine picornaviruses (CanPV) in sewage sludge (at each stage of treatment) from Louisville, Kentucky, USA, using Pan-enterovirus amplicon-based long-read Illumina sequencing. Based on publicly available sequence data in GenBank, this is the first detection of CanPV in the USA and the first detection globally using wastewater-based epidemiology. Our findings also suggest there might be clusters of endemic porcine enterovirus (which have been shown capable of causing systemic infection in porcine) circulation in the USA that have not been sampled for around two decades. Our findings highlight the value of WBE coupled …

Non-Traditional Methods For The Green Synthesis Of Fine Chemicals, Tara Renée Mooney

Graduate Masters Theses

Herein, the advancement of microwave-assisted flow synthesis is reviewed and the green nitration of arenes is investigated. First, microwave-assisted flow systems are described, followed by their synthetic and environmental applications. Microwave-assisted flow synthesis has been applied successfully in organic, inorganic, material, and biochemical syntheses as well as environmental applications such as water desalination and the removal of volatile organic compounds from the atmosphere. In the second part of the Thesis, the methodological development of the first catalyst and solvent-free nitration of m-xylene using only nitric acid is detailed. This environmentally friendly reaction proceeds without the use of harsh Brønsted acids, …

Coconut Shell Waste Treatment Technology For A Sustainable Waste Utilization: A Case Study Of The Smes In Bohol Village, Indonesia, Wahyu Anggo Rizal, Ria Suryani, Roni Maryana, Dwi Joko Prasetyo, Diah Pratiwi, Yuli Ary Ratnawati, Dini Ariani, Andri Suwanto

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

This project focused on the introduction of liquid smoke and bio briquette manufacturing technology to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) located in Bohol Village, Gunungkidul, Indonesia through technology transfer, training, and mentoring. These SMEs are engaged in the food business with the main product jenang ketan, a traditional food from Gunungkidul, especially in Rongkop District, and very popular among communities around and outside Gunungkidul. The traditional preparation of jenang ketan produces several by-products in the form of waste, which is dominated by coconut shell biomass. The project’s technology transfer was carried out through the procurement of a series of pyrolysis …

Urban Farming: Empowerment To Increase Economic, Education, And Nutritional Benefit For The Sub-Urban Community, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Yusuf Donner Dwiyantama, Banu Muhammad, Anom Bowalaksono, Dian Ayubi, Sarah Islamiati Pertiwi

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

This article discusses the urban farming program at Sekolah Master in Beji, Depok, Indonesia, which aims to provide the community with broader benefits, such as economy, education, and increased nutritional value. The project involves planting method that was introduced to this school community. The program itself consists of several stages, starting from the preparation—dissemination of the program and designing a plan for the greenhouse, the implementation—constructing the greenhouse and installing the automatic water system, planting the vegetation, and monitoring and evaluation of the program. Eventually, an evaluation of the successful program is required to determine whether the program can be …

Occlusion Handler Density Networks For 3d Multimodal Joint Location Of Hand Pose Hypothesis, Stanley Tito

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

(HPE) process is an ill-posed challenge. This is due to severe self occluded joints of the hand. The existing approaches for predicting pose parameters of the hand, utilize a single-value mapping of an input image to generate final pose output. This way makes it difficult to handle occlusion especially when it comes from the multimodal pose hypothesis. This paper introduces an effective method of handling multimodal joint occlusion using the negative log-likelihood of a multimodal mixture-of-Gaussians through a hybrid hierarchical mixture density network (HHMDN). The proposed approach generates multiple feasible hypotheses of 3D poses with visibility, unimodal and multimodal distribution …

Economic Implications Of International Energy Trade : A Comparative Analysis Across Developed, Developing, And Least Developed Nations, Mmaduabuchi Chigozie Emeghebo, Bintou K.B. Janneh, Semeria Youlo Maurice

World Maritime University Dissertations

Energy trade and consumption constitute vital components of international trade, a significance that has been amplified by escalating global industrialization and globalization. Nonetheless, the patterns of demand, trade, and utilization of energy differ markedly across various categories of economies, as delineated by the United Nations into Developed, Developing, and Least Developed Nations.

This study endeavors to elucidate the influence of international energy trade and consumption on the economic development trajectories of these three distinct categories of nations. Employing linear panel regression methodologies on panel data sets spanning the period from 1995 to 2021 for each category, the analysis reveals that …

Assessing The Health Effects Of Climate Change, Social Vulnerability, And Environmental Justice In Camden County, New Jersey, Daniil Ivanov

Theses

Climate change negatively impacts health, while socially vulnerable and overburdened communities disproportionately experience climate change and negative health determinants. Camden County is used as a case study for analyzing environment, socioeconomics, and health. Environmental variables—PM2.5 and land cover of impervious surfaces, floodplains, and forests—were compared to the CDC Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) at the census tract level, finding significant correlations between land cover, air quality, and the SVI. The overburdened communities defined by the NJ Environmental Justice Law experienced a significantly higher incidence of emergency department visitation for respiratory, circulatory, and mental illnesses than non-overburdened communities. Health outcomes were compared …

A Neural Analysis-Synthesis Approach To Learning Procedural Audio Models, Danzel Serrano

Theses

The effective sound design of environmental sounds is crucial to demonstrating an immersive experience. Classical Procedural Audio (PA) models have been developed to give the sound designer a fast way to synthesize a specific class of environmental sounds in a physically accurate and computationally efficient manner. These models are controllable due to the choice of parameters from analyzing a class of sound. However, the resulting synthesis lacks the fidelity for the preferred immersive experience; thus, the sound designer would rather search through an extensive database for real recordings of a target sound class. This thesis proposes the Procedural audio Variational …

Performance Investigations Of The Charging And Discharging Processes In A 3-Tank Thermal Energy Storage System, Swalehe Tusiime, Karidewa Nyeinga, Denis Okello, Ole J. Nydal

Tanzania Journal of Science

The paper presents a 3 tank thermal energy storage system. The system consists of cold oil reservoir, heat storage tank, and a residual drainage tank. Cold oil flows by gravity into a heating chamber and after being heated to the required temperature, a mechanical thermostat opens allowing the hot oil to flow into a heat storage tank. The storage tank was discharged through the cooking unit by boiling 0.5 litres of water. The used oil flowed by gravity to the drainage tank. The discharge flow rates of 0.5, 2.1, 2.8 and 6.5 g/s were considered. A charging efficiency of 51.3% …

Impacts Of Climate Change On Small Pelagic Fish Catches In The Coastal Artisanal Fishers Communities Of Tanzania, Lyidia Kapapa, Paul Onyango Onyango, Nibedita Mukherjee, Prosper Mfilinge

Tanzania Journal of Science

Climate-related effects occur across all regions in Tanzania, affecting primary sectors such as agriculture and fishing. This study investigated the impacts of climatic change on small pelagic catches in fishers in Kilindoni, Kipumbwi and Kilwa Kivinje villages along the Tanzanian coast. We studied how changes in rainfall, sea surface temperature, wind speed and chlorophyll a affect small pelagic fisheries using primary and secondary data. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied. Primary data collection involved questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Secondary data was obtained from Tanzania Meteorological Agency and remote sensing from Modi's sensor. Results showed an increase …

Quantifying The Effects Of Guessing, Position Bias And Prior Knowledge In Multiple Choice Exams, Almasi S Maguya

Tanzania Journal of Science

“Can an examinee pass a multiple-choice (MC) exam by chance?” Many studies have tried to address this question. However, these studies ignore different types of position bias associated with picking an item from a list. Despite the presence of considerable evidence on the existence of position bias in guessing answers in MC exams, these studies assume an examinee chooses answers with equal probability. This paper seeks to fill this gap by quantifying the chance of success in MC exams due to guessing when different types of position bias and prior knowledge are taken into consideration. The paper proposes a probabilistic …

Constraining The Origin And Age Of The Thermal And Cold Water In The Lake Natron Basin, Northern Tanzania, Edista A. Abdallah, Charles H. Kasanzu, Crispin P. Kinabo, Akira Imai, Mike J. Butler

Tanzania Journal of Science

Springs on the eastern and western shores of Lake Natron Basin (LNB), located within the eastern branch of the East Africa Rift System (EARS) in Northern Tanzania had a discharge temperature that ranged between 34.0 °C and 51.2 °C, while the pH varied from 8.0 to 10.7. The electrical conductivity (EC) ranged between 5,007 µS/cm and 49,200 µS/cm. Cold waters had a temperature of 31.9 °C to 32.5 °C, while the pH ranged between 8.0 and 8.3, and the EC ranged between 1,401 µS/cm and 3,806 µS/cm. The stable isotope composition varied between -2.4 ‰ and -5.3 ‰ for δ18O, …

Spatiotemporal Variability Of Drought And Its Relationships To Enso And Iod Indices In Somaliland, Mohamed S Bile, Paul Ts Limbu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Drought is one of Somaliland’s most prevalent natural hazards, causing serious socioeconomic and environmental harm. This study investigated the spatial and temporal variability of drought and its relationships with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) indices using the Standardized Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) from 1981 to 2020. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen's slope estimator were used to assess the trends of annual and seasonal SPEI time series. The Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) was employed to examine the dominant modes of the SPEI series, and Pearson and partial correlation analyses were performed to investigate the associations between …

Explicit Solutions For Real-Time Reversible Inhibition Kinetics Using Lambert W Function: Towards Progress Curve Analysis, Geradius Deogratias, Makungu Madirisha, Fortunatus Jacob

Tanzania Journal of Science

Accurate estimation of kinetic parameters is challenging due to the dynamics and mathematical nature of the chemical systems. This paper presents simple, yet efficient closed-form solutions for the enzymatic conversion of the substrate to the product in real-time derived using the Lambert W function. The real values of the Lambert W function were calculated from the Lambert package as implemented in MATLAB. The expressions exhibit remarkable robustness in estimating the parameters for randomized data at 1% to 4% variation in noise levels. Furthermore, unlike the initial rates method, the expressions estimate chemical kinetic parameters utilizing a full range of experimental …

Mineralogical And Physicomechanical Characterization Of Kaolinitic Clay From Moshi, Northern Tanzania For Potential Ceramic Utilization, Samwel Paul Mziray, Harieth Hellar-Kihampa, Esther H.J. Lugwisha, Leonard Douglas Akwilapo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Kaolin clay from Moshi, northern Tanzania has been characterized for potential ceramics productions. Clay samples taken from three different levels of the deposit were analysed by XRD and XRF. Firing experiments were carried out on experimental briquettes at a maximum temperature of 1300 °C at the rate of 100 °C/hour. The results revealed dominance of kaolinite and illite in the raw clay. The samples were composed majorly by silica (36.88–41.62%), alumina (30.83–32.40%) and hematite (9.29–12.70%). Granulometric analysis showed that the amount of clay decreased with deposit depth. The physicomechanical properties of the clay fired at the optimal temperature of 1300 …

Host-Pathogen Interactions In A Changing World: Microbes, Mucosal Defenses, And Multiple Hosts, Brandon C. Labumbard

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

As fungal diseases continue to emerge, research increasingly focuses on host-microbiome interactions and links to disease. Certain skin-associated microbes may benefit hosts by protecting them from invading pathogens. Seasonal changes in the host environment can also result in shifts in the microbial community and pathogen virulence – potentially influencing disease dynamics. I investigated how cutaneous microbial communities differ across hosts, seasons, and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection status by sequencing the microbial communities of 1,100 leopard frogs at five locations across the US. Percent anti-Bd function varied seasonally and with Bd infection status. Bacterial communities also varied across locations and time. …

Design Framework Of Uav-Based Environment Sensing, Localization, And Imaging System, Yue Sun

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation research, we develop a framework for designing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle or UAV-based environment sensing, localization, and imaging system for challenging environments with no GPS signals and low visibility. The UAV system relies on the various sensors that it carries to conduct accurate sensing and localization of the objects in an environment, and further to reconstruct the 3D shapes of those objects. The system can be very useful when exploring an unknown or dangerous environment, e.g., a disaster site, which is not convenient or not accessible for humans. In addition, the system can be used for monitoring …

Design And Implementation Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Simulation Model, Mbazingwa Mkiramweni

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a life-saving procedure that can multiply a person's chances of survival after a cardiac arrest. The effectiveness of CPR procedures is heavily influenced by the individual skills of the rescuer providing assistance. Chest compressions delivered at an appropriate depth and rate, allowing full chest recoil and with minimal interruptions, are critical for improving cardiac arrest survival. The lack of quality CPR training models in developing countries has a significant impact on the quality of CPR training and skills acquired. Therefore, in this paper, we aim at improving CPR training by designing a high-fidelity CPR training manikin. …

Gw Monitoring, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

A Genetic Algorithm Approach To Optimal Sizing And Placement Of Distributed Generation On Nigerian Radial Feeders, Adelowo Balogun

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Mitigating power loss and voltage profile problems on radial distribution networks has been a major challenge to distribution system operators. While deployment of distributed generation, as compensators, has made a suitable solution option, optimum placement and sizing of the compensators has been a concern and it has thus been receiving great attention. Meta-heuristic algorithms have been found efficacious in this respect, yet the use of the algorithms in addressing problems of radial feeders is still comparatively low in Nigeria where analytical and numerical programming methods are common. Hence; the use of genetic algorithm to site and size distributed generator for …

Development Of An Operational Satellite-Based Flood Monitoring Model For Tanzania, Andrew Kimati

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Timely information during water related disasters is of utmost importance for flood preparedness and risk reduction. However, the conventional ground-based photographic monitoring of flooded areas is an expensive and time-consuming exercise. Satellite remote sensing is a quick and affordable approach that can be used for concurrent floods detection at different scales. This is important as it facilitates timely information for emergency response to disaster management departments, even in scarcely instrumented catchments. This study presents a novel approach for flood tracking using satellite image remote sensing science to map flood affected areas immediately after occurrence of rainfall events. An open-source water …