Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Extension Groups For Dg Modules, Saeed Nasseh, Sean Sather-Wagstaff

Mathematical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Let M and N be differential graded (DG) modules over a positively graded commutative DG algebra A. We show that the Ext-groups ExtiA(M,N) defined in terms of semi-projective resolutions are not in general isomorphic to the Yoneda Ext-groups YExtiA(M,N) given in terms of equivalence classes of extensions. On the other hand, we show that these groups are isomorphic when the first DG module is semi-projective.

What Is Answer Set Programming To Propositional Satisfiability, Yuliya Lierler

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Propositional satisfiability (or satisfiability) and answer set programming are two closely related subareas of Artificial Intelligence that are used to model and solve difficult combinatorial search problems. Satisfiability solvers and answer set solvers are the software systems that find satisfying interpretations and answer sets for given propositional formulas and logic programs, respectively. These systems are closely related in their common design patterns. In satisfiability, a propositional formula is used to encode problem specifications in a way that its satisfying interpretations correspond to the solutions of the problem. To find solutions to a problem it is then sufficient to use a …

Natural Burial: Being Green In Life, Now In Death Too, Brandon C. Shaik

Capstones

Nearly 80 million baby boomers are approaching the end of their lives. Being more environmentally conscious than previous generations, the environmentally minded individuals are increasingly choosing natural burial as the next progression of sustainability — reducing an individual impact even after death. A 2015 poll conducted by Harris Poll on behalf of the Funeral and Memorial Information Council found that 64 percent of adults over the age of 40 were interested in natural burial, up from 21 percent in 2010. Individuals who have chosen natural burial indicate the environmental benefit as a primary reason for their decision. There are currently …

Flight Of The Freshwater Fish, Michael H. Wilson

Capstones

Michael H. Wilson

Capstone Abstract

December 27, 2016

Flight of the Freshwater Fish

The Hudson River provides for millions of people as a path for commercial and private transportation, a source of food and energy, and perhaps most importantly for many living in the tri-state area as a destination for recreation and relaxation. The most overlooked feature of the river is how the wildlife shows clear signs of a changing climate and rapid environmental response to the impacts of global warming on the river.

Entire populations of fish species in the lower Hudson have been forced to leave the river …

Single Particle Tracking: Analysis Techniques For Live Cell Nanoscopy., Peter K. Relich

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

Single molecule experiments are a set of experiments designed specifically to study the properties of individual molecules. It has only been in the last three decades where single molecule experiments have been applied to the life sciences; where they have been successfully implemented in systems biology for probing the behaviors of sub-cellular mechanisms. The advent and growth of super-resolution techniques in single molecule experiments has made the fundamental behaviors of light and the associated nano-probes a necessary concern among life scientists wishing to advance the state of human knowledge in biology. This dissertation disseminates some of the practices learned in …

Improving Power In Group Sequential, Randomized Trials By Adjusting For Prognostic Baseline Variables And Short-Term Outcomes, Tianchen Qian, Michael Rosenblum, Huitong Qiu

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

In group sequential designs, adjusting for baseline variables and short-term outcomes can lead to increased power and reduced sample size. We derive formulas for the precision gain from such variable adjustment using semiparametric estimators for the average treatment effect, and give new results on what conditions lead to substantial power gains and sample size reductions. The formulas reveal how the impact of prognostic variables on the precision gain is modified by the number of pipeline participants, analysis timing, enrollment rate, and treatment effect heterogeneity, when the semiparametric estimator uses correctly specified models. Given set prognostic value of baseline variables and …

Improved Aquatic Stream Passage, Elise Emil, Jess Wilson

Community Engaged Research Reports

The Androscoggin Valley Soil and Water Conservation District (AVSWCD) expressed a need for the research and development of a semi-quantitative metric that can be used to determine priority stream barriers (eg. culverts; dams) to remove in Androscoggin and Sagadahoc Counties in Maine. In conjunction with a representative from the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Alex Abbott, the AVSWCD provided data about various stream sites within these two counties that had been recently surveyed. This included information about the aquatic ecological features of various stream habitats containing barriers and information about the physical characteristics of the barriers themselves.

Our proposed solution …

Mass Spectrometry And Protein Analysis: Structure, Oligomerization And Interaction, Hanliu Wang

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Protein aggregation is common in biological processes including neurodegenerative diseases, as well as artificial development in biopharmaceutical production and protein storage. Therefore, understanding proteins involved in aggregation systems is important. It is generally difficult for high resolution structural methods, such as X-ray or NMR, to interrogate proteins possessing aggregation propensities. On the other hand, techniques that tolerate solution heterogeneities, such as circular dichroism, only provide global or low-resolution information. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods are appropriate and powerful in such applications because they can deal with mixtures. Additionally, primary sequence, post-translational modification, and structural information can be obtained at low sample …

Seaweed And Seagrass Mapping In Thailand Measured Using Landsat 8 Optical And Textural Image Properties, Satomi Kakuta, Wataru Takeuchi, Anchana Prathep

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Seaweed and seagrass beds are an important ecosystem in coastal zones. However, they are degrading because of various causes, such as the anthropogenic impacts of coastal development, aquaculture, overharvesting, and climate change. To contribute to the research related to coastal blue carbon and marine biodiversity as well as conservation and sustainable management of natural resources in coastal regions, the spatial distribution of benthic cover derived from satellite images can be the most practical tool for monitoring seaweed and seagrass beds. This study aimed at mapping the latest distribution of seaweed and seagrass in Thailand using Landsat 8 images. Thus, we …

Instantaneous Shoreline Mapping From Worldview-2 Satellite Images By Using Shadow Analysis And Spectrum Matching Techniques, I-Chieh Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Shoreline mapping and monitoring are crucial in heavily eroding coastal areas. Frequently monitoring shoreline changes in eroding areas can help government agencies to understand the causes and formulate plans to protect the shoreline; however, the cost of data sources and human labor involved can be prohibitive. To address this problem, this research proposes a cost-effective and semiautomatic shoreline delineation procedure that uses WorldView-2 satellite images as the data source. The advantages of the proposed procedure are the use of shadow and spectrum information, as well as the application of objectoriented classification. The classification process incorporates new bands from WorldView-2 to …

Global Surface And Subsurface Geostrophic Currents From Multi-Mission Satellite Altimetry And Hydrographic Data, 1996-2011, Chi-Hung Chang, Chung-Yen Kuo, C.K Shum, Yuchan Yi, Ashraf Rateb

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Climate indices have been shown to be correlated with changes of absolute ocean current velocities. Yet there has been a lack of available estimates of accurate surface and subsurface current velocities with adequate data span to afford a detailed study. Here, we combined multiple mission satellite altimetry alongtrack sea surface heights (SSHs), the Gravity field and steadystate Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) time-wise solution generated geoid model, and in situ hydrographic data, to estimate global surface and subsurface absolute geostrophic currents, 1996-2011. We used the profile approach to process satellite altimetry data, mitigating the negative impact of omission errors resulting from …

Effects Of Temperature On Activity Of Aquatic Hyphomycetes: A Microcosm Study, Kyra Harrington‌‌

Honors Theses

Predicted increases in temperature under climate change scenarios are expected to affect not only atmospheric and water temperatures, but also the rate of heterotrophic activity and carbon dynamics and retention in ecosystems. The magnitude of the increase in metabolic activity of living organisms with increased temperature can be predicted by the Metabolic Theory of Ecology, however, multiple factors can cause deviations from simple predictions. The goal of this study is to assess the temperature sensitivity of aquatic hyphomycetes and fungi-mediated leaf litter decomposition by following responses to temperature of fungal biomass accrual, respiration and decomposition rates in laboratory microcosms simulating …

An Increased Remote Sensing Observation By Goci Daily Composite Image, Hyun Yang, Wonkook Kim, Kwangseok Kim, Young-Je Park, Hee-Jeong Han, Joo-Hyung Ryu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Opaque masses (e.g., cloud and haze) are the main obstacles interrupting remote observations of ocean color using optical sensors. We performed a statistical analysis for 1 year of ocean color data derived from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), which performs eight observations per day. We discovered that the valid ranges of the data vary depending on the local times and the seasonal characteristics and are related to the pattern of solar altitudes to a certain degree. Here, it is shown that multiple ocean color scenes observed on a given day can be merged to recover the contaminated areas. However, …

Real-Space Mean-Field Theory Of A Spin-1 Bose Gas In Synthetic Dimensions, Hilary M. Hurst, Justin H. Wilson, J. H. Pixley, I. B. Spielman, Stefan S. Natu

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The internal degrees of freedom provided by ultracold atoms give a route for realizing higher dimensional physics in systems with limited spatial dimensions. Non-spatial degrees of freedom in these systems are dubbed "synthetic dimensions". This connection is useful from an experimental standpoint but complicated by the fact that interactions alter the condensate ground state. Here we use the Gross-Pitaevskii equation to study ground state properties of a spin-1 Bose gas under the combined influence of an optical lattice, spin-orbit coupling, and interactions at the mean field level. The associated phases depend on the sign of the spin-dependent interaction parameter and …

A Preliminary Examination Of Elevated Blood Lead Levels In A Rural Georgia County, R. Christopher Rustin, Yu Sun, Chris Calhoun, Christy Kuriatnyk

Environmental Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Rural areas are often viewed as lower risk for lead poisoning and toxic exposures seriously impacting development of the brain and central nervous system; this report examines the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels for children <6 years of age in rural Ben Hill County, GA.

Methods: Lead surveillance data from the Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH) were analyzed using SAS®v-9.3 to calculate the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (≥5ug/dL) among those children in Ben Hill County who had been tested for lead; the results were compared to Georgia and national data.

Results: A preliminary analysis of 2010-2015 screening data for Ben Hill County indicates that 8.73% …

An Assessment Of Data Related To Inspections Of Risk Factors For Public Swimming Pools, Shanita Shack, Maurice Redmond, R. Christopher Rustin

Environmental Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: The Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH) is mandated to ensure that public swimming pools are safe for those who use them. This mandate is carried out by the DPH and local environmental health professionals through regulations and inspections. In 2015, legislation was introduced proposing to reduce the authority of the DPH to inspect certain pool types (apartments, subdivision, condominiums) and thus reduce regulatory protections in place for swimmers. To ensure that the DPH had current information on the risks associated with pools, the EH team, with assistance from a graduate student, analyzed inspection data to evaluate risk factors …

Modern Assessment Of The High-Energy Background Environment At Small Atmospheric Depths Using The X-Calibur X-Ray Polarimeter And Its Implications, Rashied Baradaran Amini

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Since the discovery of cosmic rays, Earth's upper atmosphere at depths of 1-10 g cm2 has been used for balloon-borne observations probing the high-energy universe. However, the interaction of cosmic rays with the earth atmosphere generates numerous particles, each with their own flux and interaction physics that contribute to instrument background. In Fall 2014, the X-Calibur X-ray polarimeter designed and built at Washington University in St. Louis was launched from Ft. Sumner, New Mexico. While no astrophysical observation was performed as a result of a failure in telescope mechanisms, X-Calibur was able to record hours of instrument background with an …

Getting Road Expansion On The Right Track: A Framework For Smart Infrastructure Planning In The Mekong, Andrew Balmford, Huafeng Chen, Ben Phalan, Mingcheng Wang, Christine S. O'Connell, Cath Tayleur, Jianchu Xu

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The current unprecedented expansion of infrastructure promises to enhance human wellbeing but risks causing substantial harm to natural ecosystems and the benefits they provide for people. A framework for systematically and proactively identifying the likely benefits and costs of such developments is badly needed. Here, we develop and test at the subregional scale a recently proposed global scheme for comparing the potential gains from new roads for food production with their likely impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Working in the Greater Mekong—an exceptionally biodiverse subregion undergoing rapid development—we combined maps of isolation from urban centres, yield gaps, and the …

Preliminary Study Of Internal Solitary Wave Amplitude Off The East Coast Of Korea Based On Synthetic Aperture Radar Data, Dan-Bee Hong, Chan-Su Yang, Kazuo Ouchi

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper presents a method of retrieving the amplitude of oceanic internal solitary wave (ISW), from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, and preliminary results obtained in the East/ Japan Sea off the east coast of Korean Peninsula. The retrieval algorithms include the small perturbation method (SPM) for microwave backscatter, the action balance equation (ABE) for describing the interaction between wind-generated ocean waves and varying surface current, and also the Korteweg-deVries (KdV) (non-linear partial differential) equation for describing the surface current variation induced by an internal soliton. The radar cross section (RCS) was computed, and the ISW amplitude was estimated by …

Underwater Linear Feature Extraction With Multispectral Band Images: An Evaluation With Level-Set Method In Dongsha Atoll And Zengmu Shoal, Peter Tian-Yuan Shih, Jian-Wei Lin, Cheng-Gi Wang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Optical remote sensing satellite images are a useful and convenient source to provide underwater features, particularly for shallow water areas because light, dependent on wavelength, has the capability to penetrate water. In this study, the information richness of underwater features is investigated for each spectral band of the optical images, and also several derived bands. This assessment is performed with the level-set method for segmentation. Two cases are analyzed in this study. The first study site is the Dongsha atoll, which is composed of Dongsha island, lagoon, and surrounding reefs. The water depth ranges from zero to less than 3 …

Capability Of Geostationary Satellite Imagery For Sea Ice Monitoring In The Bohai And Yellow Seas, Hwa-Seon Lee, Kyu-Sung Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

On a regional scale, sea ice monitoring is important for marine transportation, fishery, harbor and offshore structures, and weather forecast. In this study, we attempt to analyze the potential of Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) images for regional-scale sea ice monitoring. GOCI images obtained from December 2011 to March 2012 were analyzed to evaluate the frequency that sea ice can be observed in the Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea. In this season, the sea ice distribution varies greatly both temporally and spatially. During the approximate 100-day ice period, GOCI provided relatively cloud-free daily images over sea ice 86% …

A Computational Study On Sensor Localization For Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network In The East Sea Environmental Model, Jinyoung Choi, Kiseon Kim, Sung Chan Jun

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

An underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) is a promising method for surveillance or monitoring underwater environments. This network may be most applicable as a disaster alarm system against tsunamis and red tides. Sensor measurement data and sensor location information from these networks are important elements for the UASN system. However, global positioning system (GPS) information is not yet available because the electromagnetic signal has high attenuation under the water. Thus, new methods for sensor localization are of great importance to UASN systems. In this paper, an event-driven localization scheme using the constant arrival time surface (ELSUCATS) is proposed to achieve …

Interpretation Of Sar Image Modulation By The Interaction Of Current And Bottom Topography In Gyeonggi Bay With Microwave Scattering Models, Tae-Ho Kim, Chan-Su Yang, Kazuo Ouchi

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The effect of the interaction between surface currents and bottom topography to the radar cross section (RCS) is investigated using theoretical and numerical scattering models and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. First, the ocean waveheight spectrum perturbed by a varying surface current is computed under the wind condition at the time of SAR data acquisition. The surface current data are extracted from the tidal current models. The RCS modulations are then computed using the small perturbation method (SPM) and the numerical scattering model based on the method of moments (MoM) with undulated surface height profiles simulated from the perturbed wave …

Reconstruction And Analysis Of Surface Velocity From Drifters In The Kuroshio Region East Of Taiwan, Kai-Ho Cheng, Chen-Chih Lin, Po-Chun Hsu, Shih-Jen Huang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this study, sea surface velocities derived from drifters were gridded to 0.25 latitude by 0.25 longitude for analysis of the Kuroshio region east of Taiwan. The data for each grid that were originally missing were obtained using the Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions (DINEOF) method, which can precisely reconstruct missing data. Compared with the original data, the error of the reconstructed Kuroshio velocity is 0.18  0.03 m/s. By analyzing the reconstructed data, we defined the Kuroshio axis at its maximum surface velocity in the zonal direction of 0.25 latitude along the east coast of Taiwan. The results indicate …

Explicit Bases Of Motives Over Number Fields With Application To Feynman Integrals, Yu Yang

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Chapter 1 contains background material on higher Chow groups, KLM formula and Feynman integrals. In Chapter 2, we construct explicit bases for these extension classes mapping to zeta values. In Chapter 4, we study the Feynman integral of the three spoke wheel graph, reinterpret it as an image of regulator using higher Abel-Jacobi maps and theoretically prove that it is a rational multiple of zeta three. In Chapter 5, a reflexive graph polytope based on the graph polynomial is constructed. In Chapter 6, to generalize the results beyond wheel with three spokes, a criterion is given on the vanishing of …

Scatterometry Of 50 Nm Half Pitch Features, Ruichao Zhu

Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

Metrology technologies are an essential adjunct to Integrated Circuit (I.C.) Semiconductor manufacturing. Scatterometry, an optical metrology, was chosen to measure 50 nm half pitch feature structures. A bread-board scatterometry system has been assembled to provide a non-contact, non-destructive, accurate and flexible measurement. A real-time, on-line scatterometry system has also been demonstrated and proven to provide a high throughput measurement.

Three different types of samples have been measured using the scatterometry setup. The wire-grid polarizer (WGP) sample has been made by Jet and Flash Nanoimprint Lithography with ~100 nm pitch and ~50 nm wide ~200 nm tall Al gratings on fused …

The Dynamic Brain In Action: Cortical Oscillations And Coordination Dynamics, Mahmood Hoseini

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Cortical oscillations are electrical activities with rhythmic and/or repetitive nature generated spontaneously and in response to stimuli. Study of cortical oscillations has become an area of converging interests since the last two decades and has deepened our understanding of its physiological basis across different behavioral states. Experimental and modeling work has taught us that there is a wide diversity of cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying the generation of cortical rhythms. A wildly diverse set of functions has pertained to synchronous oscillations but their significance in cognition should be better appraised in the more general framework of correlation between spike times …

Investigating The Life-Cycle Of Photosystem Ii Using Mass Spectrometry, Daniel Avram Weisz

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Photosystem II (PSII) is a protein complex found embedded in the thylakoid membranes of all organisms that perform oxygenic photosynthesis. PSII converts sunlight into chemical energy, filling our atmosphere with molecular oxygen in the process and supporting nearly all life on Earth. PSII undergoes frequent light-induced damage as an unavoidable result of the electron transfer reactions it catalyzes. When damaged, PSII is disassembled, repaired, and reassembled in an intricate, tightly regulated process. The structure and mechanism of function of active PSII are relatively well-understood, due to the available crystal structures of the active complex and many years of biochemical and …

Web-Based Integrated Development Environment, Hien T. Vu

Master's Projects

As tablets become more powerful and more economical, students are attracted to them and are moving away from desktops and laptops. Their compact size and easy to use Graphical User Interface (GUI) reduce the learning and adoption barriers for new users. This also changes the environment in which undergraduate Computer Science students learn how to program. Popular Integrated Development Environments (IDE) such as Eclipse and NetBeans require disk space for local installations as well as an external compiler. These requirements cannot be met by current tablets and thus drive the need for a web-based IDE. There are also many other …

Classification Of Intertidal Sediment Using A Two-Step Principal Component Analysis (Pca) Of Optical Reflectance: A Case Study In Ganghwa Tidal Flats, Dong-Jae Kwon, Wook Park, Joong-Sun Won

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Sediment distribution within intertidal flats varies widely, ranging from mud-dominant to sand-dominant, with extensive seasonal changes. However, retrieving grain size information from remotely sensed data is difficult because the optical reflectance of intertidal sediment is not a function of a single parameter but varies according to water content, grain size, topography, surface water, benthic algae, and halophytes. Among these, grain size and water content are two important parameters. The fact that intertidal sediments are always affected by tide necessitates the development of a water-independent grain size retrieval model. Mud and sand sediment are known to be well distinguished under dry …