Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Lithobius Nuragicus N.Sp., A New Lithobius From A Sardinian Cave (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha), Marzio Zapparoli

International Journal of Speleology

A new species of Lithobius from a Sardinian cave (Cagliari, Santadi, loc. Su Benatzu, Grotta “Pirosu”, 576 Sa/Ca, m 270) is described. Lithobius nuragicus n. sp. belongs to the subgenus Lithobius s. str. and is related to Lithobius variegatus Leach, 1814, occurring in the British Isles, Brittany, Channel Isles, Iberian Peninsula, Maghreb, Sicily and Southern Italy. This new species is differentiated from L. variegatus by the number of prosternal teeth (3+3), the number and arrangement of ocelli (1+3; little, depigmented, not contiguous to each other, in the center of a depigmented area, posterosuperior ocellus larger than the other ocelli), the …

Gypsum Karst Of The Baltic Republics, Bernardas Paukstys, Vytautas Narbutas

International Journal of Speleology

The Baltic Republics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have karst areas developed in both carbonate and gypsiferous rocks. In the north, within the Republic of Estonia, Ordovician and Silurian limestones and dolomites crop out, or are covered by glacial Quaternary sediments. To the south, in Latvia and Lithuania, gypsum karst is actively developing in evaporites of Late Devonian (Frasnian) age. Although gypsum and mixed sulphate-carbonate karst only occupy small areas in the Baltic countries, they have important engineering and geo-ecological consequences. Due to the rapid dissolution of gypsum, the evolution of gypsum karst causes not only geological hazards such as …

Gypsum Karst Of The Eastern-European Plain, Vjacheslav Andrejchuk, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

Description of karst in the Eastern European Plain, comprising the following regions: Baltic, Timansky, Pinego-Severodvinsky, Volgo-Kamsky, Pre-Ural, Pre-Caspian, Donetsk and Podol'sko Bukovinsky.

Some Examples Of Gypsum Karsts And The More Important Gypsum Caves In Spain, Jose Maria Calaforra, Antonio Pulido-Bosch

International Journal of Speleology

Spain possesses some of the most important examples of gypsum karst in Europe, in terms of the extent and variety of the gypsiferous outcrops. These are divided into gypsum belonging to the Triassic, Palaeogene and Neogene epochs, each of which displays different lithological and structural aspects. Some of Spain’s most significant gypsum karsts, from the speleological standpoint, are described, and these share a common characteristic of all supporting the development of large caves. Reference is made to the geomorphology, hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of the gypsum karsts of Sorbas, Vallada and Gobantes-Meliones, which provide significant examples of intrastratal karst, speleogenesis by …

Gypsum Karst In The Western Ukraine, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

The great gypsum karst of the Western Ukraine, which is associated with Miocene (Badenian) gypsum, provides the worlds foremost examples of intrastratal gypsum karst and speleogenesis under artesian conditions. Differential neotectonic movements have resulted in various parts of the territory displaying different types (stages) of intrastratal karst, from deep-seated, through subjacent, to entrenched. Internal gypsum karstification proceeded mainly under confined hydrogeological conditions. While such development still continues in part of the territory, other parts exhibit entrenched karst settings. Huge relict maze cave systems have been explored here, five of which are currently the longest known gypsum caves in the world. …

1996 File Geodatabase Containing Photo Point Locations, Aerial Photos, And Flight Maps, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers Bay Study Group, Pete Reehling, Richard Mckenzie

Data Sets

The Bay Study Group was created by the City of Tampa in 1976 to monitor the effects of pollution abatement that occurred in Hillsborough Bay when the city’s wastewater treatment plant was upgraded from primary to advanced treatment in 1979. The Bay Study Group documented a remarkable restoration of water quality parameters and biological indicators in Hillsborough Bay from the mid 1980s until 2009, when it was disbanded. This zip Geodatabase file contains the photo point locations, aerial photos, and flight maps for the year 1996.

1996 File Geodatabase Containing Aerial Photos, Pete Reehling, Richard Mckenzie, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers Bay Study Group

Images

The Bay Study Group was created by the City of Tampa in 1976 to monitor the effects of pollution abatement that occurred in Hillsborough Bay when the city’s wastewater treatment plant was upgraded from primary to advanced treatment in 1979. The Bay Study Group documented a remarkable restoration of water quality parameters and biological indicators in Hillsborough Bay from the mid 1980s until 2009, when it was disbanded. This zip Geodatabase file contains the aerial photos for the year 1996.

Geographical Variation In The Tropical Cave Cockroach Paratemnopteryx Stonei Roth (Blattellidae) In North Queensland, Australia, David Paul Slaney, Philip Weinstein

International Journal of Speleology

Observations of cave dwelling organisms in both tropical and temperate caves often reveal morphological modifications, which may reflect various stages of adaptation to cave life. From April 1994 to June 1995 a number of adult Paratemnopteryx stonei were collected from 7 caves in tropical North Queensland to investigate the degree of geographical variation in such troglomorphies between cave populations. Results of morphometric analyses showed the occurrence of a morphological discontinuity between cave populations from the different geographic regions. The body dimensions particularly important in discriminating between each cave population were tegmen length (both sexes), and secondly, tegmen width and tarsus …

Sulphate Rocks As An Arena For Karst Development, Alexander Klimchouk, Vjacheslav Andrejchuk

International Journal of Speleology

The rocks in which karst systems develop are most commonly composed of carbonate sulphate and chloride minerals. The sulphate minerals are quite numerous, but only gypsum and anhydrite form extensive masses in sedimentary sequences. Other minerals, which represent sulphates of K, Mg and Na, normally occur as minor beds (0.1-5.0 m), or as inclusions associated with chloride rocks. However some minerals precipitated in salt-generating basins, such as mirabilite and glauberite (typically formed in the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf, salt lakes of Siberia and in China), form sequences up to 5-10 m thick where karst may develop. Due to the very high solubility …

The Dissolution And Conversion Of Gypsum And Anhydrite, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

The development of karst is a complex system driven by the dissolution of a host rock and the subsequent removal of dissolved matter by moving water. It is the process that, at various stages, initiates or triggers associated processes including erosion, collapse and subsidence. The dissolution of sulphate rocks proceeds by different mechanisms and at different rates to those associated with the dissolution of carbonate rocks. For each rock type different factors influence the process. This chapter is an attempt to summarise the present knowledge of the dissolution chemistry and kinetics of gypsum and anhydrite. These are important for the …

Dissolution Of Gypsum From Field Observations, Alexander Klimchouk, Franco Cucchi, Jose Maria Calaforra, Sergey Aksem, Furio Finocchiaro, Paolo Forti

International Journal of Speleology

The paper reports the results of field measurements of gypsum dissolution in various countries (Ukraine, Spain, Italy and others) and in different environments (river waters, precipitation, vadose zone, unconfined aquifer, perched cave lakes, ephemeral streams in caves, confined aquifer, cave air).

Speleogenesis In Gysum, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

Satisfactory explanation of the origin and development of caves (speleogenesis) is a core problem of karst studies. Karst evolves as a circulation system, organised and interconnected through a conduit structure. Such a system may include superficial inputs and outputs, expressed as or related to karst landforms. However, there may be no such components if the system is represented entirely by conduits as in the case with deep-seated intrastratal karst. The main differences between speleogenesis in gypsum and in carbonate rocks lie in the chemistry and kinetics of their dissolution, in some of the lithological or structural peculiarities of the respective …

Hydrogeology Of Gypsum Formations, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

Detailed explanation of hydrogeological characteristics of gypsum aquifers is given in various situations: deep-seated karst-confined conditions, subjacent, entrenched and denuded karst types-semi-confined, phreatic and vadose conditions. The hydrogeological evolution of barren exposed gypsum karst and flow velocities in gypsum karst aquifers is also discussed.

Breakdown Development In Cover Beds, And Landscape Features Induced By Intrastratal Gypsum Karst, Alexander Klimchouk, Vjacheslav Andrejchuk

International Journal of Speleology

Intrastratal karst is by far the predominant gypsum karst type. Its development may begin in deep-seated settings within rocks already buried by younger strata, and it proceeds increasingly rapidly as uplift brings gypsum sequences into progressively shallower positions. Such development commonly occurs under confined (artesian) hydrogeological conditions, that subsequently change to open conditions (phreatic-water table-vadose). The general evolutionary line of intrastratal karst is typified by progressive emergence of a sequence into a shallower position, activation of groundwater circulation and development of cave systems within karst units, commencement of gravitational breakdown and its upward propagation through overlying beds, and development of …

Gypsum Karst Of Great Britain, Anthony H. Cooper

International Journal of Speleology

In Great Britain the most spectacular gypsum karst development is in the Zechstein gypsum (late Permian) mainly in north-eastern England. The Midlands of England also has some karst developed in the Triassic gypsum in the vicinity of Nottingham. Along the north-east coast, south of Sunderland, well-developed palaeokarst, with magnificent breccia pipes, was produced by dissolution of Permian gypsum. In north-west England a small gypsum cave system of phreatic origin has been surveyed and recorded. A large actively evolving phreatic gypsum cave system has been postulated beneath the Ripon area on the basis of studies of subsidence and boreholes. The rate …

Gypsum Karst Of The Pre-Ural Region, Russia, Vjacheslav Andrejchuk

International Journal of Speleology

Description of the gypsum karst of the pre-Ural region in Russia, with special emphasis on speleogenesis.

Weathering Crust And Karren On Exposed Gypsum Surfaces, Tommaso Macaluso, Ugo Sauro

International Journal of Speleology

The evolution of gypsum bare rock surfaces is the result both of volume changes of the outer rock layer and mass wasting by dissolutional processes. Some unusual weathering processes induce an increase in the volume of the outer gypsum layer, resulting in the development of a “weathering crust” and of characteristic forms such as small ridges and bubbles. However, the more typical erosional forms are dissolutional ones of karren type, which are commonly interconnected, or superimposed upon the previously described forms. In this chapter a classification system is proposed and discussed, within which the magnitude, order and geometry of the …

Gypsum Karst In China, Lu Yaoru, Anthony H. Cooper

International Journal of Speleology

The Peoples Republic of China has the largest gypsum resources in the world and a long history of their exploitation. The gypsum deposits range in age from Pre-Cambrian to Quaternary and their genesis includes marine, lacustrine, thermal (volcanic and metasomatic), metamorphic and secondary deposits. The gypsum is commonly associated with other soluble rocks such as carbonates and salt. These geological conditions, regional climate differences and tectonic setting strongly influence the karstification process resulting in several karst types in China. Well developed gypsum palaeokarst and some modem gypsum karst is present in the Fengfeng Formation (Ordovician) gypsum of the Shanxi and …

Geomorphological Aspects Of Gypsum Karst Areas With Special Emphasis On Exposed Karst, Ugo Sauro

International Journal of Speleology

Medium- to large-size forms in gypsum karst are described, including dolines, blind valleys, ploje-like depressions, collapses and positive and/or residual forms such as outliers, cone-like hills, dome-like hills, mesa-like tabular blocks and plateaux and breccia pipe hills. The similarities and/or difference between gypsum and carbonate forms are discussed.

Environmental Problems In Gypsum Karst Terrains, Alexander Klimchouk, Vjacheslav Andrejchuk

International Journal of Speleology

Description of environmental problems in gypsum karst areas, especially of the effects related to human impacts that are unique to gypsum karst systems or most commonly occur herein. The paper deals with pollution (oil, radioactive substances and fertilizers), mining activity, underground water abstraction, construction of dams and reservoirs, collapse and subsidence hazards giving examples of former Soviet Union.

Gypsum Karst In The United States, Kenneth S. Johnson

International Journal of Speleology

Gypsum is one of the most soluble of common rocks; it is dissolved readily to form caves, sinkholes, disappearing streams, and other karst features that typically are found in limestones and dolomites. The four basic requirements for gypsum karst to develop are: (1) a deposit of gypsum; (2) water, unsaturated with CaSO₄ (3) an outlet for escape of dissolving water; and (4) energy to cause water to flow through the system. Gypsum deposits are present in 32 of the 48 conterminous United States, and they underlie about 35-40% of the land area; they are reported in rocks of every …

Gypsum Karst Of France, Michel Chardon, Jean Nicod

International Journal of Speleology

Many small and scattered areas of gypsum karst are present in France. They occur in the plains and plateaux (Paris, Lorraine, Provence) as well as in the mountains, especially the Alps. Typical gypsum karst landforms are well developed and widespread, but underground cavities are scarce, despite much exploration and the apparent existence of subsurface waterflow. The Alps and Provence contain the largest karstic areas.

Gypsum Karst Of Germany, Stephan Kempe

International Journal of Speleology

Description of gypsum karst and caves in Germany.

First Record Of Parastenocarididae (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida) From Subterranean Freshwater Of Insular Greece And Description Of Two New Species, Vezio Cottarelli, Maria Cristina Bruno

International Journal of Speleology

The genus Parastenocaris, new for Greece, has been discovered in the hyporheic habitat of Kos and Kythira Island with two new species, that are described and discussed in this work. Parastenocaris aesculapii n. sp. shares some characters with P. nolli from Germany and P. italica from Italy, Macedonia and Turkey. Parastenocaris aphroditis n. sp. belongs, according to the Authors, to a group of species living exclusively in estuarine interstitial habitats, which are all characterised by peculiar morphology and ecology, that are as well considered and interpreted.

Gypsum Karst Of The World: A Brief Overview, Alexander Klimchouk, Paolo Forti, Anthony Cooper

International Journal of Speleology

Short description of caves and karsts in gypsum of different parts of the World.

Results Of The City Of Tampa Surface Water Compliance Monitoring Program For The Year 1994 And Examination Of Long-Term Water Quality And Biological Indicator Trends In Hillsborough Bay, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

This report is submitted to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) to satisfy the requirements set forth in specific condition No. 14 of the Howard F. Curren WWTP permit No. D029-184532B. The report is based on data obtained by the City of Tampa (COT) compliance water quality monitoring program approved under construction permit DC29-152799. The report also includes examination of long-term trends for water quality parameters and biological indicators collected by the City of Tampa Bay Study Group and the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County (EPC).

Three Nonhomogeneous Poisson Models For The Probability Of Basaltic Volcanism: Application To The Yucca Mountain Region, Nevada, Charles B. Connor, Brittain E. Hill

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

The distribution and timing of areal basaltic volcanism are modeled using three nonhomogeneous methods: spatio‐temporal nearest neighbor, kernel, and nearest‐neighbor kernel. These models give nonparametric estimates of spatial or spatio‐temporal recurrence rate based on the positions and ages of cinder cones and related vent structures and can account for migration and shifts in locus, volcano clustering, and development of regional vent alignments. The three methods are advantageous because (1) recurrence rate and probability maps can be made, facilitating comparison with other geological information; (2) the need to define areas or zones of volcanic activity, required in homogeneous approaches, is eliminated; …

Hydrobiological Monitoring Program - Summary Report For The Lower Peace River And Charlotte Harbor, Environmental Quality Laboratory, Inc.

Reports

Unlike previous Long-Term Hydrobiological Monitoring Summary Reports, this document has been subdivided into three separate subsections to facilitate the reader in reviewing the large number of Tables and Figures contained within the overall text.

As required under the most recent Peace River Water Supply Facility WUP Permit (#2010420.01), this document summarizes and extends the findings reported previously regarding phytoplankton primary production and community structure at four salinity zones within the Lower Peace River and Upper Charlotte Harbor between 1983 and 1993. In addition, the taxonomic composition and structure of phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages from samples collected, between 1988 and 1993, …

Seagrass And Caulerpa Monitoring In Hillsborough Bay Sixth Annual Report, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

This is the sixth annual report to FDER to satisfy the requirements set forth in specific condition #14 of FDER construction permit DO29-1845321B.

The City of Tampa, Bay Study Group (BSG), has monitored the effects of sewage pollution abatement in Hillsborough Bay since 1976. Within the last decade, water quality improvements and evidence of minor seagrass revegetation in Hillsborough Bay prompted the BSG to initiate a seagrass study to compliment other programs assessing the environmental status of Hillsborough Bay.

State Of Tampa Bay 1994, Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council (Tbrpc), Agency On Bay Management

Reports

This is the eighth "State of Tampa Bay" report on the projects, programs and organizations that influence the Bay and its watershed . This status report identifies the condition of Tampa Bay over the past year and describes activities and issues addressed by the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council's Agency on Bay Management during 1994. It was prepared in accordance with the adopted rules of the Agency , and this year is sponsored, in part, by the Tampa Bay National Estuary Program.