Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Characteristics Of Street Sweepings In Florida, Robert Brinkmann, Jeffrey G. Ryan, Mark Billus

Geology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Climatic Fluctuations And Tropical Troglobitic Evolution, Pedro Gnaspini

International Journal of Speleology

No abstract provided.

Variations In The Frequency-Magnitude Distribution With Depth In Two Volcanic Areas: Mount St. Helens, Washington, And Mt. Spurr, Alaska, Stefan Wiemer, Stephen R. Mcnutt

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

The frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes, characterized using the b-value, is examined as a function of space beneath Mount St. Helens (1988–1996), and Mt. Spurr (1991–1995). At Mount St. Helens, two volumes of anomalously high b (b > 1.3) can be observed at depths of 2.6–3.6 km below the crater floor and below 6.4 km. These anomalies coincide with (1) the depth of vesiculation of ascending magma, and (2) the suggested location of a magma chamber at Mount St. Helens. Study of Mt. Spurr reveals an area of high b-value (b ≥ 1.3) at a depth of about 2.3–4.5 …

Observations At Costa Rican Volcano Offer Clues To Causes Of Eruptions, M. Hagerty, S. Y. Schwartz, M. Protti, Timothy H. Dixon, M. Garcés

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Recent measurements of ground deformation at an active volcano show great promise for elucidating the processes that lead to volcanic eruptions. A long-term effort to continuously monitor ground deformation over a very wide bandwidth using state-of-the-art geodetic, seismic, and acoustic instruments at Arenal Volcano in Costa Rica is producing high-quality recordings of harmonic tremor and explosive events and offers an exciting opportunity to explore possible lunar periodicities in volcanic eruptivity.

Geographic Variation And Genetic Relationships In Populations Of The Androniscus Dentiger Complex From Central Italy (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Trichoniscidae), Gabriele Gentile, Giuliana Allegrucci

International Journal of Speleology

Androniscus dentiger is a terrestrial isopod distributed from Great Britain to North Africa, inhabiting humid edafic environments, superficial underground compartments and both natural and artificial caves. In this study allozyme data have been used to investigate the geographic variation and the genetic relationships of several populations of A. dentiger from Central Italy, using as outgroups populations from four congeneric species, A. calcivagus, A. cfr. subterraneus, A. spelaeorum, and A. degener. Multivariate analysis of A. dentiger allele frequencies indicates the existence of a group of populations (group A) distributed in a wide geographic area which are genetically …

Martel's Voyage To Russia In 1903, Arrigo A. Cigna

International Journal of Speleology

The news concerning caves and karst reported in a Martel’s book on his voyage to Russia in 1903 are here listed and the cave maps are reproduced.

Are Troglobitic Taxa Troglobiomorphic? A Test Using Phylogenetic Inference, Laure Desutter-Grandcolas

International Journal of Speleology

Obligate cave dwelling organisms are frequently characterised by a peculiar morphological syndrome, named troglomorphosis or troglobiomorphosis. This hypothesis, which deals with the evolutionary influence of the subterranean environment on cave organisms is far from being universally accepted. Yet it has been adopted by many authors and is often included in the definitions of the current classification of cave taxa. In this paper I present a test of the troglobiomorphosis hypothesis, using the case study of the cricket clade Amphiacustae (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae). Such a test preliminarily requires that observations of the habitat of the taxa (achieved on present-day populations) are …

Martel's Links With Usa, Trevor R. Shaw

International Journal of Speleology

Of the 29% foreign members in the Société de Spéléologie, five lived in the USA. They were Luella Owen (the only woman member of the Société), R. Ellsworth Cali, H.C. Hovey, E Van Epps and C. R. Blackall. E.S. Balch, though not a member, also knew Martel. These members, between them, published ten papers in Spelunca, which also reviewed their other work. The activities of these six, and their links with France, are discussed. Martel actively encouraged cave work in America, as elsewhere, and Hovey, who had been with him during the survey of Aven Armand, he knew quite well. …

A Simple Scenario For Stygobitization In Stenobermuda Schultz, 1978 (Isopoda Asellota Stenetriidae), With Description Of A New Species From Andros Island, Bahamas, Lazare Botosaneanu, Thomas M. Iliffe

International Journal of Speleology

Description of a new stygobitic and troglomorphic species of Stenobermuda from a Blue Hole in the Bahamas, is an opportunity for speculation about hypogean colonization by this and by another cave-dwelling species from Bermuda, starting from populations of a widely distributed Western Atlantic shallow water marine species.

Long Term Stability Of A Terrestrial Cave Community, Claudio Di Russo, Gianmaria Carchini, Mauro Rampini, Marco Lucarelli, Valerio Sbordoni

International Journal of Speleology

We report data on the spatial structure and seasonal variation of the community of Valmarino cave, a medium sized sandstone cave, located a few kilometres from the coast line, in Central Italy. Due to both its habitat features and its relatively recent geological history, Valmarino cave is only inhabited by terrestrial, troglophilic elements, i.e facultative cave dwellers. By means of monthly censuses and density plot estimates we have investigated species abundance, diversity and their spatial organization, by considering separately samples from different cave sectors. Homogeneous sampling design allowed to compare series of samplings performed in 1974 and 1994. On the …

Edouard-Alfred Martel Et Les Cavernes De La Belgique, Daniel André

International Journal of Speleology

An exhaustive report on the activity of Martel in Belgium is here given. In particular some relevant passages of Martel’s letters and papers are also included.

Timing Of Basaltic Volcanism Along The Mesa Butte Fault In The San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, From 40Ar/39Ar Dates: Implications For Longevity Of Cinder Cone Alignments, F. M. Conway, David A. Ferrill, Chris M. Hall, Alan P. Morris, John A. Stamatakos, Charles B. Connor, Alex N. Halliday, Christopher Condit

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Using high‐precision stepwise‐heating 40Ar/39Ar methods, we dated volcanic products of at least 12 vents cropping out along the northern segment of the Mesa Butte Fault in the San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, where the relationship between fault and vent alignment is unambiguous. The 40Ar/39Ar isochron dates indicate that the Mesa Butte Fault hosted five episodes of volcanism over a 1 million year interval, from 1400 to 300 ka. The first episode occurred 1 km northwest of the trace of the Mesa Butte Fault, whereas the next two episodes were centered near the intersection of the Mesa Butte and Cedar Ranch …

Les Deux Faces De La Pensée De E. A. Martel, Jacques Choppy

International Journal of Speleology

Réunion de textes de Martel: 1 - Extraits du Nouveau Traité des Eaux Souterraines (1921), donnant l’essentiel de la pensée de l’auteur sur l’hydraulique et la morphologie du karst. 2 - En opposition à cette vision, rappelée de nombreuses fois par l’auteur, extraits de diverses publications (de 1894 à 1930), admettant qu’un fonctionnement en régime noyé était possible: Martel est donc l’un des tout premiers ayant observé des formes de creusement en régime noyé, et les ayant interprétées comme telles.

The Hawaiian Cave Planthoppers (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) - A Model For Rapid Subterranean Speciation?, Hannelore Hoch

International Journal of Speleology

After the successful colonization of a single ancestral species in the Hawaiian Islands, planthoppers of the cixiid genus Oliarus underwent intensive adaptive radiation resulting in 80 described endemic species. Oliarus habitats range from montaneous rain forests to dry coastal biotopes and subterranean environments. At least 7 independant evolutionary lines represented by different species have adapted to lava tubes on Molokai (1), Maui (3), and Hawaii Island (3). Behavioral and morphological studies on one of these evolutionary lines on Hawaii Island, the blind, flight- and pigmentless Oliarus polyphentus have provided evidence for reproductive isolation between allopatric populations which may in fact …

Genetic Divergence And Evolutionary Times: Calibrating A Protein Clock For South-European Stenasellus Species (Crustacea Isopoda), Valerio Ketmaier, Roberto Argano, Marina Cobolli, Elvira De Matthaeis

International Journal of Speleology

We studied genetic divergence in a group of exclusively stygobiont isopods of the family Stenasellidae. In particular, we assessed evolutionary relationships among several populations of Stenasellus racovitzai and Stenasellus virei. To place this study in a phylogenetic context. we used another species of Stenasellus, S. assorgiai, as an outgroup. S. racovitzai occurs in Corsica, Sardinia and in the fossil islands of the Tuscan Archipelago, while S. virei is a polytypic species widely distributed in the central France and Pyrenean area. This vicariant distribution is believed to be the result of the disjunction of the Sardinia-Corsica microplate from …

The Significance Of E. A. Martel For Speleology In Slovenia, Andrej Kranjc

International Journal of Speleology

Three times Martel visited karst in Carniola: in 1879, 1893 and 1896. The importance of his visits and later publications lies in fact that he informed the francophone public about our karst and caves; his visit stimulated the introduction of new technical means into the then Austrian speleology (folding boat, portable telephone); in 1893 due to his researches Postojnska jama became the longest cave in Europe; public found out about existence of caving society Anthron, which was the first Slovene and Slav society of the kind; he set up the foundations of international speleological co-operation and included into it Austrian …

Seagrass In Tampa Bay: Historic Trends And Future Expectations, J.O. R. Johansson, T. Ries

Reports

In this bay segment, seagrass cover has increased from near zero in 1984 to about 40 ha in 1996. The seagrass expansion apparently started in response to water quality improvements which occurred more than a decade ago and which in turn followed a large reduction in nitrogen loading form primarily domestic and industrial point-sources. Although this nutrient reduction occurred almost two decades ago it is most likely still contributes to the current seagrass expansion.

A Mechanistic Management-Oriented Water Quality Model For Tampa Bay Final Report, Asci Corporation, James L. Martin, Pei F. Wang, Tim Wool

Reports

This report summarizes the parameterization, calibration, testing, and an initial application of the mechanistic water quality model.

Results Of The City Of Tampa Surface Water Compliance Monitoring Program For The Year 1995 And Examination Of Long-Term Water Quality And Biological Indicator Trends In Hillsborough Bay, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

This report is submitted to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) to satisfy the requirements set forth in specific condition No. 14 of the Howard F. Curren WWTP permit No. D029-184532B. The report is based on data obtained by the City of Tampa (COT) compliance water quality monitoring program approved under construction permit DC29-152799. The report also includes examination of long-term trends for water quality parameters and biological indicators collected by the City of Tampa Bay Study Group and the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County (EPC).

State Of Tampa Bay 1995, Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council (Tbrpc), Agency On Bay Management

Reports

This, the ninth "State of Tampa Bay" report, is one of the most comprehensive ever produced. It includes updates on a myriad of programs and projects undertaken or ongoing during 1995. Prepared in accordance with the adopted rules of the Agency on Bay Management and funded by the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council, it includes a summary of issues addressed by the Agency this year.

Seagrass And Caulerpa Monitoring In Hillsborough Bay Seventh Annual Report, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

This is the seventh annual report to FDER to satisfy the requirements set forth in specific condition #14 of FDER construction permit DO29-1845321B.

The City of Tampa, Bay Study Group (BSG), has monitored the effects of sewage pollution abatement in Hillsborough Bay since 1976. Within the last decade, water quality improvements and evidence of minor seagrass revegetation in Hillsborough Bay prompted the BSG to initiate a seagrass study to compliment other programs assessing the environmental status of Hillsborough Bay.

Geometry Of Continental Normal Faults: Seismological Constraints, Jochen Braunmiller, John L. Nabalek

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Teleseismic body waves from large earthquakes are used to study the downdip geometry of continental normal faults in the Aegean. Waveform modeling techniques together with rigorous statistical tests are applied to put firm bounds on the amount of downdip curvature of these faults and the role of coseismic slip on a basal detachment. Synthetic modeling shows that good azimuthal station coverage and inclusion of SH waves are necessary to resolve fault curvature. The data indicate ruptures of the Aegean events occurred on planar faults extending across the entire brittle portion of the crust. No seismogenic low-angle detachment faulting at the …

Estimated Nitrogen Fluxes And Nitrogen-Chlorophyll Relationships In Tampa Bay, 1985-1994, Gerold Morrison, Anthony Janicki, David Wade, James Martin, Gabriel Vargo, Roger Johansson

Reports

Cultural eutrophication driven by anthropogenic nutrient loadings has been identified as a priority problem affecting the water quality of Tampa Bay. Bay management programs therefore wish to control future nutrient loads, an effort that will be complicated by the continuing population growth projected for the watershed in coming decades. The eutrophication management efforts is "resource-based" seeking to maintain water clarity in the bay that is adequate to support seagrass at target acreage levels. Among the factors affecting water clarity, anthropogenic nitrogen loadings and corresponding increases in phytoplankton density appear most amenable to management.

A Recent Colonization Of Dolichopoda Cave Crickets In The Poscola Cave (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae), Camilla Bernardini, Claudio Di Russo, Mauro Rampini, Donatella Cersaroni, Valerio Sbordoni

International Journal of Speleology

We report a series of investigations carried out on a Dolichopoda population recently discovered in the Poscola cave and in some small caves nearby (Lessini Mountains, Vicenza). This population is located north of Po river, outside the present known geographic range of this genus in Italy. Morphology of the epiphallus corroborated by chromosome and allozyme analysis indicated that this population belongs to D. laetitiae. Study of the genetic structure of population in the Poscola area revealed high gene flow levels between Poscola and the other minor caves, suggesting the occurrence of a single expanding population. This finding as well …

A New Genus And Species Of Troglobitic Trechinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) From Southern China, Augusto Vigna Taglianti

International Journal of Speleology

Guizhaphaenops zorzini n.gen.n.sp. is described from Anjia Yan Cave, Shuicheng County, Guizhou (China). This highly specialized troglobite species is easily recognizable from the other cave dwelling Trechini from China for the main morphological external characters, but its true relationships remain uncertain, the male being still unknown. Similar in habitus to Cathaiaphaenops and to Sinotroglodytes, the new taxon is much more related to the latter, being dorsally glabrous and having the mentum fused with the submentum, with a deep oval fovea, but it differs in its elongated head, with incomplete frontal furrows and without posterior frontal setae.

The Typology Of Gypsum Karst According To Its Geological And Geomorphological Evolution, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

Definition of karst in gypsum and explanation of different types of karst in gypsum: intrastratal, exposed, covered, buried, exumed and palaeokarst.

Speleothems And Cave Minerals In Gypsum Caves, Paolo Forti

International Journal of Speleology

For many years gypsum karst was considered to contain little of interest from the point of view of chemical deposits. Relatively recently a general study of speleothems has begun within gypsum karst areas in different climatic zones around the world. So far this ongoing research has shown that gypsum karst can be very interesting in terms of its contained chemical deposits. In this chapter, all that is currently known about speleothems in gypsum caves is reported systematically, and the distinctive climatic control over them is emphasised.

The Gypsum Karst Of Italy, Paolo Forti, Ugo Sauro

International Journal of Speleology

Gypsum karst has been studied in Italy since the last decades of the l9th Century. In 1917 the geographer Olinto Marinelli published “Fenomeni carsici delle regioni gessose d’Italia”, a fundamental synthesis of the early research. He distinguished 56 different morpho-karstic gypsum units and/or areas, which are all different in size and character, and described them, paying special attention to their surface morphology and hydrology. Marinelli listed all the main gypsum units and only a few secondary outcrops were overlooked. After Marinelli’s synthesis, except for some discussion of archaeological caves, only a few papers about gypsum karst and environment were published …

Gypsum Karst In The South Of The Siberian Platform, Russia, Yuri Trzcinski

International Journal of Speleology

Description of gypsum karst in Siberia.

How Rigid Is The Stable Interior Of The North American Plate?, Timothy H. Dixon, Ailin Mao, Seth Stein

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

We analyze data from eight permanent GPS stations broadly distributed through the interior of the North American plate, and use the resulting velocities to estimate an Euler vector describing motion of “stable” North America as a single rigid plate. The site velocities fit the single plate model with a mean residual of 1.3 mm/yr. The residuals do not appear to reflect post-glacial rebound, and tests for differential motion between eastern and western North America at the New Madrid seismic zone show no resolvable motion within uncertainties. The residuals likely reflect observational error, and thus our estimate of the stability of …