Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Study Of The Reactions E+E−→2(ΠEΠ−)Π0Π0Π0 And 2(Π+Π−)Π0Π0Η At Center-Of-Mass Energies From Threshold To 4.5 Gev Using Initial-State Radiation, J. P. Lees, V. Poireau, V. Tisserand, E. Grauges, A. Palano, G. Eigen, D. N. Brown, Yu. G. Kolomensky, M. Fritsch, H. Koch, T. Schroeder, R. Cheaib, C. Hearty, T. S. Mattison, J. A. Mckenna, R. Y. So, V. E. Blinov, A. R. Buzykaev, Milind Purohit, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

We study the processes e⁺e⁻→2(π⁺π⁻)π⁰π⁰π⁰γ and 2(π⁺π⁻)π⁰π⁰ηγ in which an energetic photon is radiated from the initial state. The data were collected with the BABAR detector at SLAC. About 14 000 and 4700 events, respectively, are selected from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 469  fb⁻¹.The invariant mass of the hadronic final state defines the effective e⁺e⁻ center-of-mass energy. The center-of-mass energies range from threshold to 4.5 GeV. From …

Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Patterns, Plant-Based Dietary Index And The Risk Of Obesity, Yoko B. Wang, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert Scd, Amanda J. Page, Yohannes Adama Melaku

Faculty Publications

Evidence on the association between various dietary constructs and obesity risk is limited. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between different diet indices and dietary patterns with the risk of obesity. Non-obese participants (n = 787) in the North West Adelaide Health Study were followed from 2010 to 2015. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®), plant-based dietary index (PDI) and factor-derived dietary pattern scores were computed based on food frequency questionnaire data. We found the incidence of obesity was 7.62% at the 5-year follow up. In the adjusted model, results from multivariable log-binomial logistic regression showed that a prudent …

Diet Quality And Risk Of Lung Cancer In The Multiethnic Cohort Study, Song-Yi Park, Carol J. Boushey, Yurii B. Shvetsov, Michael David Wirth Msph,Ph.D., Nitin Shivappa Ph.D., James R. Hébert Sc.D., Christopher A. Haiman, Lynee R. Wilkens, Loic Le Marchand

Faculty Publications

Diet quality, assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), the alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), was examined in relation to risk of lung cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. The analysis included 179,318 African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and Whites aged 45–75 years, with 5350 incident lung cancer cases during an average follow-up of 17.5 ± 5.4 years. In multivariable Cox models comprehensively adjusted for cigarette smoking, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest vs. lowest …

Association Between Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index And Leukocyte Telomere Length In Adults: A Study From National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (Nhanes) 1999-2002, Lingzhi Chen, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., Xiuxun Dong, Jinjing Ming

Faculty Publications

Background

A higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with shorter telomeres. The loss of muscle mass with aging is associated with adverse outcomes. The appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) is currently used to quantify muscle mass.

Objective

We investigated the association of the ASMI with leukocyte telomere length in adult Americans.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2002 dataset. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Low muscle mass was defined using sex-specific thresholds of the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI). The telomere-to-single-copy gene ratio (T/S ratio) was converted to …

Maternal Methylmercury Exposure Through Rice Ingestion And Child Neurodevelopment In The First Three Years: A Prospective Cohort Study In Rural China, Sarah E. Rothenberg, Susan A. Korrick, Jihong Liu, Yanfen Nong, Chuan Hong, Eva P. Trinh, Xu Jiang, Fred J. Biasini, Fengxiu Ouyang

Faculty Publications

Background

Rice is an important dietary source for methylmercury; however, rice does not contain the same beneficial nutrients as fish. Our main objective was to assess associations of prenatal methylmercury exposure through rice ingestion with child neurodevelopment in rural China.

Methods

Eligible peripartum women were enrolled (n = 391), provided peripartum hair samples, and children’s neurodevelopment was assessed at 12 months (n = 264, 68%) and 36 months (n = 190, 48%) using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd Edition, including the Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and the Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI). Associations between prenatal methylmercury …

Associations Between Family-Based Stress And Dietary Inflammatory Potential Among Families With Preschool-Aged Children, Valerie Hruska, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., James R. Hébert Scd, Alison M. Duncan, Jess Hines, David W. L. Ma

Faculty Publications

Chronic stress is known to influence dietary choices, and stressed families often report poorer diet quality; however, little is known about how family-based stress is linked with dietary patterns that promote inflammation. This study investigated associations between family-based stress and the inflammatory potential of the diet among preschool-aged children and their parents. Parents (n = 212 mothers, n = 146 fathers) and children (n = 130 girls, n = 123 boys; aged 18 months to 5 years) from 241 families participating in the Guelph Family Health Study were included in the analyses. Parents reported levels of parenting distress, depressive symptoms, …

Test Of Lepton-Flavor Universality In B→K∗ℓ+ℓ− Decays At Belle, S. Wehle, I. Adachi, K. Adamczyk, H. Aihara, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, V. Aulchenko, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, V. Babu, P. Behera, M. Berger, V. Bhardwaj, J. Biswal, A. Bozek, M. Bračko, T. E. Browder, M. Campajola, L. Cao, M. -C. Chang, Milind Purohit, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

We present a measurement of R_k+ , the branching fraction ratio B(B → K⁺μ⁺μ⁻)=B(B → K*e⁺e⁻),, for both charged and neutral B mesons. The ratio for the charged case R _K^* + is the first measurement ever performed. In addition, we report absolute branching fractions for the individual modes in bins of the squared dilepton invariant mass q². The analysis is based on a data sample of 711 fb⁻¹, containing 772 × 10⁶ BB̅ events, recorded at the ϒ(4S) resonance …

Mlatticeabc: Generic Lattice Constant Prediction Of Crystal Materials Using Machine Learning, Yuxin Li, Wenhui Yang, Rongzhi Dong, Jianjun Hu

Faculty Publications

Lattice constants such as unit cell edge lengths and plane angles are important parameters of the periodic structures of crystal materials. Predicting crystal lattice constants has wide applications in crystal structure prediction and materials property prediction. Previous work has used machine learning models such as neural networks and support vector machines combined with composition features for lattice constant prediction and has achieved a maximum performance for cubic structures with an average coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.82. Other models tailored for special materials family of a fixed form such as ABX3 perovskites can achieve much higher performance due …

Prospects For Beyond The Standard Model Physics Searches At The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monslave, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernadez, Roberto Petti

Faculty Publications

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model …

Improved Bounds On Lorentz Symmetry Violation From High-Energy Astrophysical Sources, Brett David Altschul

Faculty Publications

Observations of the synchrotron and inverse Compton emissions from ultrarelativistic electrons in astrophysical sources can reveal a great deal about the energy–momentum relations of those electrons. They can thus be used to place bounds on the possibility of Lorentz violation in the electron sector. Recent 𝛾 -ray telescope data allow the Lorentz-violating electron 𝑐^𝜈𝜇 parameters to be constrained extremely well, so that all bounds are at the level of 7×10⁻¹⁶ or better.

The Malina Oceanographic Expedition: How Do Changes In Ice Cover, Permafrost And Uv Radiation Impact Biodiversity And Biogeochemical Fluxes In The Arctic Ocean?, Philippe Massicotte, Rainer M.W. Amon, Antoine David, Sergio Balzano, Simon Bélanger, Ronald Benner, Dominique Boeuf, Annick Bricaud, Flavienne Bruyant, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, Malik Chami, Bruno Charrière, Jing Chen, Hervé Claustre, Pierre Coupel, Nicole Delsaut, David Doxaran, Jens Ehn, Cédric Fichot, Marie-Hélène Forget, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The MALINA oceanographic campaign was conducted during summer 2009 to investigate the carbon stocks and the processes controlling the carbon fluxes in the Mackenzie River estuary and the Beaufort Sea. During the campaign, an extensive suite of physical, chemical and biological variables were measured across seven shelf-basin transects (south-north) to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. Key variables such as temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured onboard the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen and from a …

Disparities In Meeting Uspstf Breast, Cervical, And Colorectal Cancer Screening Guidelines Among Women In The United States, Gabriel A. Benavidez, Anja Zgodic, Whitney Zahnd, Jan Eberth

Faculty Publications

Introduction

Many sociodemographic factors affect women’s ability to meet cancer screening guidelines. Our objective was to examine which sociodemographic characteristics were associated with women meeting US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening.

Methods

We used 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to examine the association between sociodemographic variables, such as race/ethnicity, rurality, education, and insurance status, and self-reported cancer screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer. We used multivariable log-binomial regression models to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% CIs.

Results

Overall, the proportion of women meeting USPSTF guidelines for breast, cervical, …

Unified Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm For Energy Efficient Job Shop Scheduling, Hongjong Wei, Shaobo Li, Huageng Quan, Dacheng Liu, Shu Rao, Chuanjiang Li, Jianjun Hu

Faculty Publications

In recent years, people have paid more and more attention to traditional manufacturing’s environmental impact, especially in terms of energy consumption and related emissions of carbon dioxide. Except for adopting new equipment, production scheduling could play an important role in reducing the total energy consumption of a manufacturing plant. Machine tools waste a considerable amount of energy because of their underutilization. Consequently, energy saving can be achieved by switching machines to standby or off when they lay idle for a comparatively long period. Herein, we first introduce the objectives of minimizing non-processing energy consumption, total weighted tardiness and earliness, and …

The Supercam Instrument Suite On The Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives And Mast-Unit Description, S. Maurice, R. C. Wiens, P. Bernardi, P. Caïs, S. Robinson, T. Nelson, O. Gasnault, J. -M. Reess, M. Deleuze, F. Rull, J. -A. Manrique, S. Abbaki, R. B. Anderson, Y. André, Stanley M. Angel, G. Arana, T. Battault, P. Beck, K. Benzerara, S. Bernard, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

On the NASA 2020 rover mission to Jezero crater, the remote determination of the texture, mineralogy and chemistry of rocks is essential to quickly and thoroughly characterize an area and to optimize the selection of samples for return to Earth. As part of the Perseverance payload, SuperCam is a suite of five techniques that provide critical and complementary observations via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VISIR), high-resolution color imaging (RMI), and acoustic recording (MIC). SuperCam operates at remote distances, primarily 2–7 m, while providing data at sub-mm to mm scales. We report …

Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated With Inflammation In Japanese Men, Ayaka Kotemori, Norie Sawada, Motoki Iwasaki, Taiki Yamaji, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., James Hébert Scd, Junko Ishihara, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane

Faculty Publications

Background: Dietary components are known to affect chronic low-grade inflammation status. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) was developed to measure the potential impact of a diet on an individual's inflammatory status, and it has been validated mainly in Western countries.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the validity of the energy-adjusted DII (E-DIITM) using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentration in Japanese men and women.

Methods: In total, 6,474 volunteers from a cancer-screening program (3,825 men and 2,649 women) completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and their hs-CRP concentrations were evaluated. E-DII scores were calculated on the basis of 30 food …

Broken-Hearted” Carbon Bowl Via Electron Shuttle Reaction: Energetics And Electron Coupling, Gabrielle A. Leith, Allison M. Rice, Brandon J. Yarbrough, Preecha Kittikhunnatham, Abijai Mathur, Nicholas A. Morris, Megan J. Francis, Anna A. Berseneva, Poonam Dhull, Richard D. Adams, M. Victoria Bobo, Aaron A. Vannucci, Mark D. Smith, Sophya Garashchuk, Natalia B. Shustova

Faculty Publications

Unprecedented one-step CC bond cleavage leading to opening of the buckybowl (π-bowl), that could provide access to carbon-rich structures with previously inaccessible topologies, is reported; highlighting the possibility to implement drastically different synthetic routes to π-bowls in contrast to conventional ones applied for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Through theoretical modeling, we evaluated the mechanistic pathways feasible for π-bowl planarization and factors that could affect such a transformation including strain and released energies. Through employment of Marcus theory, optical spectroscopy, and crystallographic analysis, we estimated the possibility of charge transfer and electron coupling between “open” corannulene and a strong electron acceptor such …

Change In Dietary Inflammatory Index Score Is Associated With Control Of Long-Term Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity In A Japanese Cohort: The Tomorrow Study, Yoshinari Matsumoto, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., Yuko Sugioka, Masahiro Tada, Tadashi Okano, Kenji Mamoto, Kentaro Inui, Daiki Habu, James R. Hébert Scd, Tatsuya Koike

Faculty Publications

Background: The dietary inflammatory index (DII®), a quantitative measure of the inflammatory potential of daily food and nutrient intake, and associations between a variety of health outcomes have been reported. However, the association between DII score and disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to test whether higher DII score contributes to disease activity and as a corollary, y, whether reducing DII score helps to achieve or maintain low disease activity or remission in patients with RA.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis using 6 years of data (from 2011 to 2017) …

Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Related To Heart Failure Risk And Cardiac Function: A Case-Control Study In Heart Failure Patients, Jalal Moludi, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., Soghra Alisgharzadeh, James R. Hébert Scd, Mohammad Alizadeh

Faculty Publications

Aims: Previous studies suggest that diet and inflammation are important risk factors for heart failure (HF); however, the associations remain unclear. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) was established to measure the inflammatory capacity of individuals' diet. This study aimed to explore the DII in HF subjects compared with controls. Methods and Results: We conducted a case–control (116 cases and 113 controls) study that recruited in the similar clinics. DII scores were calculated based on dietary intakes. N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and ejection fraction (EF) were assessed in both groups. In order to analyze DII scores with HF as …

Extensive Decentralized Hydrogen Export From The Atlantis Massif, Susan Q. Lang, Marvin D. Lilley, Tamara Baumberger, Gretchen L. Früh-Green, Sharon L. Walker, William J. Brazelton, Debroah S. Kelley, Mitchell Elend, David A. Butterfield, Aaron J. Mau

Faculty Publications

Hydrogen is an important energy source for subsurface microbial communities, but its availability beyond the flow focused through hydrothermal chimneys is largely unknown. We report the widespread export of H₂ across the Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex (30°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge; up to 44 nM), which is distinct from the circulation system feeding the Lost City Hydrothermal Field (LCHF) on the massif's southern wall. Methane (CH₄) abundances are generally low to undetectable (<3 nM) in fluids that are not derived from the LCHF. Reducing fluids exit the seafloor over a wide geographical area and depth …

Timing Of Term Elective Cesarean Section And Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study, Ayah Al Bizri, Nansi Boghossian, Anwar Nassar, Pascale Nakad, Dina Jaber, Rabih Chahine, Gaby Fallakha, Gjaotj Makhoul, Khalid Yunis

Faculty Publications

Background Rate of cesarean section (CS), including elective CS has globally increased. Studies have found that term elective CS before 39 weeks of gestation is associated with increased risk of adverse respiratory outcomes.

Objective To determine the rate of elective CS and examine the association between timing of elective term CS and adverse neonatal outcomes in a large population of Lebanese women.

Methods A Multi-Center Study was conducted using data from the National Collaborative Perinatal Neonatal Network database. Simple and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between timing of term elective CS and adverse neonatal outcomes. …

Comparing Dust In Other Galaxies To Dust In Our Galaxy, Fatima Elkhatib

Senior Theses

Interstellar dust in galaxies has a profound effect on the galaxies’ light output and apparent properties as well as on the physical processes connected to star formation. Therefore, to understand the true properties of the galaxies around us, it is important to understand the dust in those galaxies and compare it to the dust in our galaxy. To do this, we study the effects of dust on background quasars by analyzing interstellar reddening and extinction. It has been shown that many quasars look redder and dimmer than the average quasar when observing them from Earth, due to the dust in …

Does Defense Actually Win Championships? Using Statistics To Examine One Of The Greatest Stereotypes In Sports, Thomas Burkett

Senior Theses

A common saying in sports is that “defense wins championships.” However, the past decade of play in the modern NBA has seen a rise and focus in offensive efficiency and 3-pointers. This thesis tests whether defense can truly predict a championship winning team in today’s NBA through two-sample hypothesis testing and multiple logistic regression models. The results found that both defensive and offensive statistics were significant predictors of championship teams, meaning that a balanced team, rather than one specialized in defense alone, is a more accurate predictor of championship success.

Multi-Robot Coordination With Environmental Disturbances, Adem Coskun

Theses and Dissertations

Multi-robot systems are increasingly deployed in environments where they interact with humans. From the perspective of a robot, such interaction could be considered a disturbance that causes a well-planned trajectory to fail. This dissertation addresses the problem of multi-robot coordination in scenarios where the robots may experience unexpected delays in their movements.

Prior work by Čáp, Gregoire, and Frazzoli introduced a control law, called RMTRACK, which enables robots in such scenarios to execute pre-planned paths in spite of disturbances that affect the execution speed of each robot while guaranteeing that each robot can reach its goal without collisions and without …