Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Supercam Instrument Suite On The Nasa Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit And Combined System Tests, Roger C. Wiens, Sylvestre Maurice, Scott H. Robinson, Anthony E. Nelson, Philippe Cais, Pernelle Bernardi, Raymond T. Newell, Sam Clegg, Shiv K. Sharma, Steven Storms, Jonathan Deming, Darrel Beckman, Ann M. Ollila, Olivier Gasnault, Ryan B. Anderson, Yves André, Stanley M. Angel, Gorka Arana, Elizabeth Auden, Pierre Beck, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The SuperCam instrument suite provides the Mars 2020 rover, Perseverance, with a number of versatile remote-sensing techniques that can be used at long distance as well as within the robotic-arm workspace. These include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), remote time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopies, and visible and infrared (VISIR; separately referred to as VIS and IR) reflectance spectroscopy. A remote micro-imager (RMI) provides high-resolution color context imaging, and a microphone can be used as a stand-alone tool for environmental studies or to determine physical properties of rocks and soils from shock waves of laser-produced plasmas. SuperCam is built in three parts: …

Precision Measurement Of The Ratio Β(Y(3S) → Τ + Τ−) / Β( Y(3S)→ Μ+ Μ−, J. P. Lees, V. Poireau, V. Tisserand, E. Grauges, A. Palano, G. Eigen, D. N. Brown, Yu. G. Kolomensky, M. Fritsch, H. Koch, T. Schroeder, R. Cheaib, C. Hearty, T. S. Mattison, J. A. Mckenna, R. Y. So, V. E. Blinov, A. R. Buzykaev, V. P. Druzhinin, Milind Purohit, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

We report on a precision measurement of the ratio Rϒð3SÞ τμ ¼ Bðϒð3SÞ → τþτ−Þ=Bðϒð3SÞ → μþμ−Þ using data collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II eþe− collider. The measurement is based on a 28 fb−1 data sample collected at a center-of-mass energy of 10.355 GeV corresponding to a sample of 122 million ϒð3SÞ mesons. The ratio is measured to be Rϒð3SÞ τμ ¼ 0.966 0.008stat 0.014syst and is in agreement with the standard model prediction of 0.9948 within 2 standard deviations. The uncertainty in Rϒð3SÞ τμ is almost an order of magnitude smaller than the only previous …

First Results On Protodune-Sp Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber Performance From A Beam Test At The Cern Neutrino Platform, B. Abi, A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamowski, D. Adams, P. Adrien, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, Roberto Petti, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber with an active volume of 7.2 × 6.1 × 7.0 m³ . It is installed at the CERN Neutrino Platform in a specially-constructed beam that delivers charged pions, kaons, protons, muons and electrons with momenta in the range 0.3 GeV/�� to 7 GeV/��. Beam line instrumentation provides accurate momentum measurements and particle identification. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, and it incorporates full-size components as designed for that module. This paper describes the beam line, the …

Natalia Shustova Answers Questions About 15 Years Of Research On Covalent Organic Frameworks, Natalia B. Shustova Prof. Dr.

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Neutrino Interaction Classification With A Convolutional Neural Network In The Dune Far Detector, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J.. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernadez, Roberto Petti, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment is a next-generation neutrino oscillation experiment that aims to measure CP-violation in the neutrino sector as part of a wider physics program. A deep learning approach based on a convolutional neural network has been developed to provide highly efficient and pure selections of electron neutrino and muon neutrino charged-current interactions. The electron neutrino (antineutrino) selection efficiency peaks at 90% (94%) and exceeds 85% (90%) for reconstructed neutrino energies between 2–5 GeV. The muon neutrino (antineutrino) event selection is found to have a maximum efficiency of 96% (97%) and exceeds 90% (95%) efficiency for reconstructed …

Search For A Dark Leptophilic Scalar In E + E − Collisions, J. P. Lees, V. Poireau, V. Tisserand, E. Grauges, A. Palano, G. Eigen, D. N. Brown, Yu. G. Kolomensky, M. Fritsch, H. Koch, T. Schroeder, R. Cheaib, C. Hearty, T. S. Mattison, J. A. Mckenna, R. Y. So, V. E. Blinov, A. R. Buzykaev, V. P. Druzhinin, Milind Purohit, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

Many scenarios of physics beyond the standard model predict the existence of new gauge singlets, which might be substantially lighter than the weak scale. The experimental constraints on additional scalars with masses in the MeV to GeV range could be significantly weakened if they interact predominantly with leptons rather than quarks. At an e⁺e⁻ collider, such a leptophilic scalar (_ϕL) would be produced predominantly through radiation from a τ lepton. We report herein a search for e⁺e⁻→ τ⁺τ⁻_ϕL, _ϕL → l⁺l⁻ (l = …

Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, Wenhui Fu, Hualian Pei, Nitin Shivaooa, James R. Hébert, Tao Luo, Tian Tian, Dilibaier Alimu, Zewen Zhang, Jianghong Dai

Faculty Publications

Background Diet and inflammation have both been studied in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and T2DM. Methods Subjects were adults enrolled in the baseline study of the Xinjiang multi-ethnic natural population cohort and health follow-up study from January to May 2019. The study involved 5,105 subjects (58.7% men) between 35 and 74 years of age. The DII score was calculated from a data obtained via a food frequency questionnaire consisting of 127 food items. Results Logistic regression analyses were used to …

Long-Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Physics Potential Of The Dune Experiment, B. Abi, M. A. Acero, G. Adamov, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, Z Ahmad, J. Ahmed, T. Alion, S. Alonso Monsalve, C. Alt, J. Anderson, C. Andreopoulos, M. P. Andrews, F. Andringa, A. Ankowski, M. Antonova, S. Antusch, A. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, L. O. Arnold, Roberto Petti, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The sensitivity of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to neutrino oscillation is determined, based on a full simulation, reconstruction, and event selection of the far detector and a full simulation and parameterized analysis of the near detector. Detailed uncertainties due to the flux prediction, neutrino interaction model, and detector effects are included. DUNE will resolve the neutrino mass ordering to a precision of 5σ for δ_CP values, after 2 years of running with the nominal detector design and beam configuration. It has the potential to observe charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector to a precision of 3 …

Search For Axionlike Particles Produced In E+E− Collisions At Belle Ii, F. Abudin´En, I. Adachi, H. Aihara, N. Akopov, A. Aloisio, F. Ameli, N. Anh Ky, D. M. Asner, T. Aushev, V. Aushev, V. Babu, S. Baehr, S. Bahinipati, P. Bambade, Sw. Banerjee, S. Bansal, J. Baudot, J. Becker, P. K. Behera, Milind Purohit

Faculty Publications

We present a search for the direct production of a light pseudoscalar a decaying into two photons with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider. We search for the process e⁺e⁻→ γa, a → γγ in the mass range 0.2 < m_a < 9.7 GeV/c² using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of (445± 3) pb⁻¹. Light pseudoscalars interacting predominantly with standard model gauge bosons (so-called axionlike particles or ALPs) are frequently postulated in extensions of the standard model. We find no evidence for ALPs and set 95% confidence level upper limits on the coupling …

Estimation And Inference Under Model Uncertainty, Yizheng Wei

Theses and Dissertations

Chapter 1 of this dissertation proposes a consistent and locally efficient estimator to estimate the model parameters for a logistic mixed effect model with random slopes. Our approach relaxes two typical assumptions: the random effects being normally distributed, and the covariates and random effects being independent of each other. Adhering to these assumptions is particularly difficult in health studies where in many cases we have limited resources to design experiments and gather data in long-term studies, while new findings from other fields might emerge, suggesting the violation of such assumptions. So it is crucial if we could have an estimator …

Categorical And Fuzzy Ensemble-Based Algorithms For Cluster Analysis, Bridget Nicole Manning

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on improving multivariate methods of cluster analysis. In Chapter 3 we discuss methods relevant to the categorical clustering of tertiary data while Chapter 4 considers the clustering of quantitative data using ensemble algorithms. Lastly, in Chapter 5, future research plans are discussed to investigate the clustering of spatial binary data.

Cluster analysis is an unsupervised methodology whose results may be influenced by the types of variables recorded on observations. When dealing with the clustering of categorical data, solutions produced may not accurately reflect the structure of the process that generated them. Increased variability within the latent structure …

The Utility Of Multiple Structure Torsion Angle Alignment In Protein Active Site Description (Asd), Devaun L. Mcfarland

Theses and Dissertations

Proteins are responsible for various functions throughout organisms, or within the systems, they operate. Active-sites or functional/ binding sites are regions responsible for activity in a protein; they serve as a catalyst for reactions, attach or bind to other molecules (ligands), and maintain function. With the profusion of protein sequence and structure data, it's increasingly relevant to develop automated methods of identifying and investigating active-sites for proteins. Active-sites identification will have a direct impact: in better understanding molecular basis for diseases, assisting in drug design, the study of targeting mutants, and for functional annotation of unknown proteins. The proper knowledge …

A Novel Analytical Method For Studying Pharmacological Treatments For Affective Disorders In Neuroscience, Shane N. Berger

Theses and Dissertations

Histamine and serotonin are important neurochemicals that maintain crucial brain functions. Both are thought to be altered in affective and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression and Parkinson’s disease. Histamine and serotonin are thought to modulate one another but the exact relationship remains unknown and this gap in knowledge makes diagnosing and treating disorders involving the transmitters difficult. The Hashemi lab studies serotonin neurochemistry to understand serotonin’s role in psychiatric disorders. However, histamine has remained an understudied neurotransmitter due to a lack of analytical tools. In 2015 and 2016, the Hashemi lab pioneered a novel detection method utilizing fast-scan cyclic voltammetry …

Variable-Order Fractional Partial Differential Equations: Analysis, Approximation And Inverse Problem, Xiangcheng Zheng

Theses and Dissertations

Variable-order fractional partial differential equations provide a competitive means in modeling challenging phenomena such as the anomalous diffusion and the memory effects and thus attract widely attentions. However, variable-order fractional models exhibit salient features compared with their constant-order counterparts and introduce mathematical and numerical difficulties that are not common in the context of integer-order and constant-order fractional partial differential equations.

This dissertation intends to carry out a comprehensive investigation on the mathematical analysis and numerical approximations to variable-order fractional derivative problems, including variable-order time-fractional, space-fractional, and space-time fractional partial differential equations, as well as the corresponding inverse problems. Novel techniques …

Incorporation And Measurement Of Uncertainty In Clustered And Spatial Data, Yuan Hong

Theses and Dissertations

Analyzing population representative datasets for local estimation and predictions over time is important for monitoring related public health issues, however, there are many statistical challenges associated with such analyses. Mixed effect models are one of the common options which can incorporate time and spatial effect in the model and related inference is well established.

In the first part of this dissertation, to estimate area-level prevalence using individuallevel data, small area estimation (SAE) with post-stratified mixed effect models were used where sampling weights were also incorporated into it. However, if poststratification which requires more computation effort can improve estimation accuracy is …

Fermi-Unsmearing In Single Charged Pion Electroproduction Cross-Section Measurements For The Neutron And Proton In Deuterium, Gary Hollis

Theses and Dissertations

Electron scattering cross-sections for two different reaction channels, e- + p→ e- + n + ϖ + and e- + n → e- + p ϖ - using an unpolarized deuterium target, were extracted from Jefferson Lab experiment E1E data with a beam energy of 2.039 GeV, providing a (W;Q2) coverage of 1.1 GeV < W < 1.9 GeV and0.4 GeV2< Q2 2. Although there has already been an analysis of this same data set for the second reaction channel listed above [1], more of the cross-section domain has been covered in this analysis due to applying a new technique called Fermi-unsmearing. Fermi-smearing is a distortion in a cross-section measurement which occurs whenever the target is erroneously assumed to be at rest but is in fact a bound nucleon as part of a larger nucleus (and thus is in Fermi-motion). Fermi-unsmearing is a Monte Carlo method presented in this work for generating a correction factor that removes the Fermi-smearing effect from an existing cross-section measurement that suffers from Fermi-smearing. Using Fermi-unsmearing can have the advantage of significantly larger statistical sample sizes given the same data set due to allowing less strict final data selection criteria, as occurs in a Fermi-unsmeared analysis of the e- + n→ e- + p + ϖ- channel in contrast to a fully-exclusive analysis of the same channel. The same Fermi-unsmearing method is applied to the first channel after having established the efficacy of the method using the second channel.

Synthesis And Design Of Novel Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles Relevant To Drug Delivery Vehicles For Biomedical Applications, Maan Abduldiyem Hassan Al-Ali

Theses and Dissertations

The modification of inorganic nanoparticles with organic polymer chains has become a significant field of study for the engineering of advanced nanocomposite materials. This dissertation presents the design, synthesis, and characterization of novel polymer grafted silica nanoparticles as new strategies to combat bacterial resistance. Described herein is the synthesis of monomers that have been graft polymerized onto silica nanoparticles that can be used as a delivery drug vehicle for biomedical applications. The polymerization of these monomers was performed via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The molecular design of the RAFT agents that are attached to the surfaces of the …

Providing Predictable Performance During Network Contingencies, Phani Krishna Penumarthi

Theses and Dissertations

In IP backbone networks, packets may get dropped due to: i) lack of viable next hops when a link/router fails, ii) forwarding loops during network convergence, and iii) buffer overflows in case of congestion. Similarly, packets may be lost in wireless networks due to variations in signal strength between a pair of mobile nodes. This dissertation explores the possibility of providing a predictable performance during such network contingencies in wired backbone networks and robotic wireless networks.

First, we study the feasibility of developing a combination of local reroute and global update mechanisms that can achieve loop-free convergence, while performing disruption-free …

Measurements Of Rate Exchange Dynamics In Supercooled Ortho-Terphenyl By Single-Molecule 3d Kinetics And Green’S Functions, Harveen Kaur

Theses and Dissertations

Heterogeneity in relaxation rates is a well-established feature of supercooled liquids. It implies the existence of a rate-exchange process to restore ergodicity, but the experimental characterization of that exchange has been incomplete and controversial. This dissertation develops three-dimensional (3D) correlation functions that provide a well-defined measure of rate exchange from single-molecule measurements. This approach is demonstrated on both single-molecule dichroism measurements and atomistic simulations of molecular rotation in ortho-terphenyl.

The first project develops non-parametric analysis of nonexponential and multidimensional kinetics. The quantification of nonexponential (dispersed) kinetics has relied on empirical functions, which yield parameters that are neither unique nor easily …

Top Hadrons In Lorentz-Violating Field Theory, Brett David Altschul

Faculty Publications

If there is Lorentz symmetry violation in the t quark sector of the standard model, changes to particles’ dispersion relations might allow for the existence of stable top-flavored hadrons. Observations of the survival of high-energy γ-rays over astrophysical distances can be used to place constraints on Lorentz violation coefficients in the t sector at ∼10⁻⁴–10⁻⁶ levels of precision.

Problems With Lorentz Violation Originating From A Cosmologically Varying Pseudoscalar Field, Sapan Karki, Brett David Altschul

Faculty Publications

Lorentz- and CPT-violating models of electrodynamics with Chern-Simons terms are typically plagued by various sorts of instabilities. However, when the Chern-Simons term arises from a slow time variation in a pseudoscalar field with an axionlike electromagnetic coupling, the total energy of the theory is bounded below. We examine the behavior of such a theory, finding that in a systematic power series expansion of the magnetic and pseudoscalar fields, singularities appear in the field profiles. Some of the questionable behavior can be cured by taking a fully nonperturbative approach, but other problematic terms remain. This may be an indication that Cerenkov-like …

Extensive Morphological Variability In Asexually Produced Planktic Foraminifera, Catherine V. Davis, Caitlin M. Livsey, Hannah M. Palmer, Pincelli M. Hull, Ellen Thomas, Tessa M. Hill, Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson

Faculty Publications

Marine protists are integral to the structure and function of pelagic ecosystems and marine carbon cycling, with rhizarian biomass alone accounting for more than half of all mesozooplankton in the oligotrophic oceans. Yet, understanding how their environment shapes diversity within species and across taxa is limited by a paucity of observations of heritability and life history. Here, we present observations of asexual reproduction, morphologic plasticity, and ontogeny in the planktic foraminifer in laboratory culture. Our results demonstrate that planktic foraminifera reproduce both sexually and asexually and demonstrate extensive phenotypic plasticity in response to nonheritable factors. These two processes fundamentally explain …

Algorithmic Robot Design: Label Maps, Procrustean Graphs, And The Boundary Of Non-Destructiveness, Shervin Ghasemlou

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is focused on the problem of algorithmic robot design. The process of designing a robot or a team of robots that can reliably accomplish a task in an environment requires several key elements. How the problem is formulated can play a big role in the design process. The ability of the model to correctly reflect the environment, the events, and different pieces of the problem is crucial. Another key element is the ability of the model to show the relationship between different designs of a single system. These two elements can enable design algorithms to navigate through the …

High-Dimensional Inference Based On The Leave-One-Covariate-Out Regularization Path, Xiangyang Cao

Theses and Dissertations

The increasingly rapid emergence of high dimensional data, where the number of variables p may be larger than the sample size n, has necessitated the development of new statistical methodologies. LASSO and variants of LASSO are proposed and have been the most popular estimators for the high dimensional regression models. However, not much work has focused on analyzing and summarizing the information contained in the entire solution path of the LASSO. This dissertation consists of three research projects that propose and extend the Leave-One-Covariate-Out(LOCO) solution path statistic to regression and graphical models.

In the first chapter, we propose a new …

Methods For Cancellation Of Apparent Cerenkov Radiation Arising From Sme Models And Separability Of Schrödinger’S Equation Using Exotic Potentials In Parabolic Coordinates, Richard Henry Decosta

Theses and Dissertations

In an attempt to merge the two prominent areas of physics: The Standard Model and General Relativity, there have been many theories for the underlying physics that may lead to Lorentz- and CPT-symmetry violations. At the present moment, technology allows numerous types of Planck-sensitive tests of these symmetries in a range of physical systems.

We address a curiosity in isotropic CPT- and Lorentz-violating electrodynamics where there is a kinematic allowance for Cerenkov radiation of a charged particle in a vacuum moving with uniform motion. This however, should not be the case as it is known that constant motion in a …

The Practical Advantages And Disadvantages Of Laplace Regression As An Alternative To Cox Proportional Hazards Model: A Comparison Via Simulation, Sydney Smith

Theses and Dissertations

The Cox proportional hazards model is the most common regression technique for survival analysis. However, the proportional hazards assumption restricts it’s use to a limited group of multiplicative models. Laplace regression is a flexible quantile regression technique for censored observations that is appropriate in a wider variety of applications as compared to the Cox proportional hazards model. Instead of estimating a hazard ratio, Laplace regression which is free from a proportionality assumption, can be used to estimate many adjusted percentiles of survival time allowing for a more complete description of the association of interest. This paper compares the performance of …

Hydrogen Peroxide And Antioxidant Enzymes Moderate Interaction Of The Carbon And Oxygen Cycles At The Redoxcline, Fan Wang

Theses and Dissertations

Hydrogen peroxide is a reduced form of dioxygen produced in natural waters from a manifold of abiotic and biological processes. Hydrogen peroxide is highly redox active and it often serves to initiate the formation of reactive oxygen species in the environment. It typically exists in natural waters at concentrations ranging from as low as ~ 1 nanomolar in “blue water” marine environments to as high as 10 micromolar near actively effluxing sediments. It has the potential to cause significant toxicity in aquatic organisms, which have evolved a collection of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Work in this …

Exploratory Molten Flux Crystal Growth Of Complex Uranium Oxides, Christian A. Juillerat

Theses and Dissertations

While the use of nuclear technology has proven useful for energy generation and for military use, the proper disposal and storage of the resulting nuclear waste requires serious attention to ensure radioactive species are indefinitely sequestered to protect the biosphere. There are several classifications of nuclear waste such as spent nuclear fuel (from industrial power plants), low level waste (slightly contaminated trash), and high level waste (HLW) which is in the form of a sludge, precipitated salt, or liquid. Each of these requires a different approach to processing and storage. Of these, HLW requires the most attention because it is …

Moving-Camera Video Content Analysis Via Action Recognition And Homography Transformation, Yang Mi

Theses and Dissertations

Moving-camera video content analysis aims at interpreting useful information in videos taken by moving cameras, including wearable cameras and handy cameras. It is an essential problem in computer vision, and plays an important role in many real-life applications, including understanding social difficulties and enhancing public security. In this work, we study three sub-problems of moving-camera video content analysis, including two sub-problems for the analysis on wearable-camera videos which are a special type of moving camera videos: recognizing general actions and recognizing microactions in wearable-camera videos. And, the third sub-problem is estimating homographies along moving-camera videos.

Recognizing general actions in wearable-camera …

Semiparametric Regression Analysis Of Survival Data And Panel Count Data, Lu Wang

Theses and Dissertations

Both censored survival data and panel count data arise commonly in real-life studies in many fields such as epidemiology, social science, and medical research. In these studies, subjects are usually examined multiple times at periodical or irregular follow-up examinations. Censored data are studied when the exact failure times of the events are of interest but not all of these exact times are directly observed. Some of the failure times of event of interest are only known to fall within some intervals formed by the observation times. Panel count data are under investigation when the exact times of the recurrent events …