Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Measurement Of The Branching Fractions Of The B+ → Ηl+ Νl And B+ → Η0l+ Νl Decays With Signal-Side Only Reconstruction In The Full Q2 Range, U. Gebauer, C. Beleño, A. Frey, I. Adachi, K. Adamczyk, H. Aihara, S. Al Said, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, V. Babu, S. Bahinipati, P. Behera, K. Belous, J. Bennett, M. Bessner, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, Milind Purohit, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The branching fractions of the decays B⁺ → ηl+νl and B+ → η0 lþνl are measured, where l is either an electron or a muon, using a data sample of 711 fb⁻¹ containing 772 × 10⁶ BB̅ pairs collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e⁺e⁻ collider. To reduce the dependence of the result on the form factor model, the measurement is performed over the entire q² range. The resulting branching fractions are B(B⁺ → ηlþνl)=(2.83 ± 0.55_(stat.) ± 0.34_(syst.) )× 10 …

The Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Antioxidant Index, And Mental Health In Adolescent Girls: An Analytical Study, Parvin Dehghan, Marzieh Nejati, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi, Rezza Parsi, Hamed Jafari-Vayghan, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., James Hébert Scd

Faculty Publications

Background Diet is considered as one of the modifiable factors that appears to exert a vital role in psychological status. In this way, we designed this study to examine the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII), dietary antioxidant index (DAI), and mental health in female adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study included 364 female adolescents selected from high schools in the five regions of Tabriz, Iran. A 3-day food record was used to extract the dietary data and calculate DII/DAI scores. DII and DAI were estimated to assess the odds of depression, anxiety, and stress based on the Depression Anxiety Stress …

Renormalization Scheme Dependence Of Β-Functions In Lorentz-Violating Quantum Field Theory, Sapan Karki, Brett David Altschul

Faculty Publications

Effective quantum field theories that allow for the possibility of Lorentz symmetry violation can sometimes also include redundancies of description in their Lagrangians. Explicit calculations in a Lorentz-violating generalization of Yukawa theory show that when this kind of redundancy exists, different renormalization schemes may lead to different expressions for the renormalization group β-functions, even at only one-loop order. However, the renormalization group scaling of physically observable quantities appears not to share this kind of scheme dependence.

Generative Design Of Stable Semiconductor Materials Using Deep Learning And Density Functional Theory, Edirisuriya M. Dilanga Siriwardane, Yong Zhao, Indika Perera, Jianjun Hu

Faculty Publications

Semiconductor device technology has greatly developed in complexity since discovering the bipolar transistor. In this work, we developed a computational pipeline to discover stable semiconductors by combining generative adversarial networks (GAN), classifiers, and high-throughput first-principles calculations. We used CubicGAN, a GAN-based algorithm for generating cubic materials and developed a classifier to screen the semiconductors and studied their stability using first principles. We found 12 stable AA’ MH₆ semiconductors in the F-43m space group including BaNaRhH₆, BaSrZnH₆, BaCsAlH₆, SrTlIrH₆, KNaNiH₆, NaYRuH₆, CsKSiH₆, CaScMnH₆, YZnMnH …

Improved Measurement Of Neutrino Oscillation Parameters By The Nova Experiment, M. A. Acero, P. Adamson, L. Aliaga, N. Anfimov, A. Antoshkin, E. Arrieta-Diaz, L. Asquith, A. Aurisano, A. Back, C. Backhouse, M. Baird, N. Balashov, P. Baldi, B. A. Bambah, S. Bashar, K. Bays, R. Bernstein, V. Bhatnagar, D. Bhattarai, B. Bhuyan, Roberto Petti, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

We present new ν_μ → ν_e, ν_μ → ν_μ, ⊽ _μ →⊽ _e, and ⊽ _μ → ⊽ _μ oscillation measurements by the NOvA experiment, with a 50% increase in neutrino-mode beam exposure over the previously reported results. The additional data, combined with previously published neutrino and antineutrino data, are all analyzed using improved techniques and simulations. A joint fit to the ν_e, ν_μ, ⊽ _e, and ⊽ _μ candidate samples within the 3-flavor neutrino oscillation framework continues to yield a best-fit point in the normal mass …

Invited Perspective: Existing Rules For Disinfection By-Products Are Good, But They Are Not Enough, Susan D. Richardson

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Quantile Differences In The Age-Related Decline In Cardiorespiratory Fitness Between Sexes In Adults Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In The United States, Andrew Ortaglia, Melissa Stansbury, Michael David Wirth, Xuemei Sui, Matteo Bottai

Faculty Publications

Objective: To comprehensively assess the extent to which the decline in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with age differs between sexes. Participants and Methods: This study used data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, conducted between September 1974 and August 2006, consisting primarily of White adults from middle-to-upper socioeconomic strata restricted to adults without type 2 diabetes mellitus (33,742 men and 9,415 women). Quantile regression models were used to estimate the differences in age-associated changes in CRF between the sexes, estimated using a maximal treadmill test. Results: For adults aged up to 45 years, significant differences in slopes relating to age and …

Changes Overtime In Perinatal Management And Outcomes Of Extremely Preterm Infants In One Tertiary Care Romanian Center, Diana Ungureanu, Nansi Boghossian, Laura Mihaela Suciu

Faculty Publications

Background and Objectives: Extremely preterm infants were at increased risk of mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to: (1) examine changes over time in perinatal management, mortality, and major neonatal morbidities among infants born at 25⁰–28⁶ weeks’ gestational age and cared for at one Romanian tertiary care unit and (2) compare the differences with available international data. Material and Methods: This study consisted of infants born at 25⁰–28⁶ weeks in one tertiary neonatal academic center in Romania during two 4-year periods (2007–2010 and 2015–2018). Major morbidities were defined as any of …

Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses In Central America: The Research And Public Health Disparity Among Socioeconomic Lines, Kyndall C. Dye-Braumuller, Marvin S. Rodriguez Aquino, Stella C.W. Self, Mufaro Kanyangarara, Melissa Nolan Ph.D., Mph

Faculty Publications

Tick-borne diseases including rickettsial diseases are increasing in incidence worldwide. Many rickettsial pathogens can cause disease which is commonly underdiagnosed and underreported; Rickettsia pathogens in the spotted fever group (SFGR) are thus classified as neglected bacterial pathogens. The Central American region shoulders a large proportion of the global neglected disease burden; however, little is known regarding SFGR disease here. Although development varies, four of the seven countries in this region have both the highest poverty rates and SFGR disease burdens (El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, and Nicaragua), compared to Belize, Panama, and Costa Rica. Utilizing the Human Development Index (HDI), we …

Search For The Radiative Penguin Decays B0 → K 0 SK 0 S Γ In The Belle Experiment, H. B. Jeon, K. H. Kang, H. Park, I. Adachi, H. Aihara, S. Al Said, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, V. Babu, S. Bahinipati, P. Behera, K. Belous, J. Bennett, F. Bernlochner, M. Bessner, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, Milind Purohit, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

We report results from the first search for the rare penguin-dominated decay mode B⁰→K ⁰ _S K ⁰ _Sγ, which can result from the production of tensor mesons f(1270) and f'(1525) in association with a photon. The search uses the full data sample of 772×10⁶  BB̅ pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e⁺e⁻ collider. No statistically significant signals are observed in the K ⁰ _S K ⁰ _S invariant mass range 1  GeV/c²K ⁰ _S K ⁰ _S/c², and the following upper …

Capturing The Pool Dilution Effect In Group Testing Regression: A Bayesian Approach, Stella Self Ph.D., Ms, Christopher Mcmahan, Stefani Mokalled

Faculty Publications

Group (pooled) testing is becoming a popular strategy for screening large populations for infectious diseases. This popularity is owed to the cost savings that can be realized through implementing group testing methods. These methods involve physically combining biomaterial (eg, saliva, blood, urine) collected on individuals into pooled specimens which are tested for an infection of interest. Through testing these pooled specimens, group testing methods reduce the cost of diagnosing all individuals under study by reducing the number of tests performed. Even though group testing offers substantial cost reductions, some practitioners are hesitant to adopt group testing methods due to the …

Author Correction: In Situ Recording Of Mars Soundscape (Nature, (2022), 605, 7911, (653-658), 10.1038/S41586-022-04679-0), S. Maurice, B. Chide, N. Murdoch, R. D. Lorenz, D. Mimoun, R. C. Wiens, A. Stott, X. Jacob, T. Bertrand, F. Montmessin, N. L. Lanza, C. Alvarez-Llamas, S. M. Angel Ph.D., M. Aung, J. Balaram, O. Beyssac, A. Cousin, G. Delory, O. Forni, T. Fouchet, O. Gasnault, H. Grip, M. Hecht, J. Hoffman, J. Laserna, J. Lasue, J. Maki, J. Mcclean, P. Y. Meslin, S. Le Mouélic, S. Le Mouélic, A. Munguira

Faculty Publications

In the version of this article initially published, the Acknowledgements statement was missing the text “Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004),” which has now been inserted in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Controls On Surface Distributions Of Dissolved Organic Carbon And Nitrogen In The Southeast Pacific Ocean, Mariana B. Bif, Annie Bourbonnais, Dennis A. Hansell, Julie Granger, Holly Westbrook, Mark A. Altabet

Faculty Publications

Here we use data from three meridional survey cruises that took place in 1994, 2007/2008 and 2016/2017 in the southeast Pacific Ocean to investigate controls on surface distributions of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC and DON, respectively). While DOC and DON production occur simultaneously in the euphotic layer of the gyre margins, budgets that account for horizontal transport, production and consumption are not balanced across the region. Our results show that while DOC concentrations increase inside the gyre, DON remains at similar levels in comparison to margins. There is little interannual variability in DOC and DON trends, except near …

Structure-Property Investigations In Urea Tethered Iodinated Triphenylamines, Muhammad Saddam Hossain, Fiaz Ahmed, Stavros G. Karakalos, Mark D. Smith, Namrata Pant, Sophya V. Garashchuk, Andrew B, Greytak, Pablo Docampo, Linda S. Shimizu

Faculty Publications

Herein, we report structural, computational, and conductivity studies on urea-directed self-assembled iodinated triphenylamine (TPA) derivatives. Despite numerous reports of conductive TPAs, the challenges of correlating their solid-state assembly with charge transport properties hinder the efficient design of new materials. In this work, we compare the assembled structures of a methylene urea bridged dimer of di-iodo TPA (1) and the corresponding methylene urea di-iodo TPA monomer (2) with a di-iodo mono aldehyde (3) control. These modifications lead to needle shaped crystals for 1 and 2 that are organized by urea hydrogen bonding, π⋯π stacking, I⋯I, and I⋯π interactions as determined by …

Scintillation Light Detection In The 6-M Drift-Length Protodune Dual Phase Liquid Argon Tpc, A. Abed, B. Abi, R. Acciarri, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, D. Adams, M. Adinolfi, A. Aduszkiewicz, J. Aguilar, Z. Ahmad, J. Ahmed, B. Aimard, B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, T. Alion, K. Allison, S. Alonso Monsalve, M. Alrashed, C. Alt, Roberto Petti, Sanjib R. Mishra Ph.D., Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6×6×6 m³ liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019–2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected …

Isotopic Evidence For Sources Of Dissolved Carbon And The Role Of Organic Matter Respiration In The Fraser River Basin, Canada, Britta M. Voss, Timothy I. Eglinton, Bernhard Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Valier Galy, Susan Q. Lang Ph.D., M.S., B.S., Cameron Mcintyre, Robert G.M. Spencer, Ekaterina Bulygina, Zhaohui Aleck Wang, Katherine A. Guay

Faculty Publications

Sources of dissolved and particulate carbon to the Fraser River system vary significantly in space and time. Tributaries in the northern interior of the basin consistently deliver higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to the main stem than other tributaries. Based on samples collected near the Fraser River mouth throughout 2013, the radiocarbon age of DOC exported from the Fraser River does not change significantly across seasons despite a spike in DOC concentration during the freshet, suggesting modulation of heterogeneous upstream chemical and isotopic signals during transit through the river basin. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations are highest in …

Circadiomics: Circadian Omic Web Portal, Muntaha Samad, Forest Agostinelli, Tomoki Sato, Kohei Shimaji, Pierre Baldi

Faculty Publications

Circadian rhythms are a foundational aspect of biology. These rhythms are found at the molecular level in every cell of every living organism and they play a fundamental role in homeostasis and a variety of physiological processes. As a result, biomedical research of circadian rhythms continues to expand at a rapid pace. To support this research, CircadiOmics (http://circadiomics.igb.uci.edu/) is the largest annotated repository and analytic web server for high-throughput omic (e.g. transcriptomic, metabolomic, proteomic) circadian time series experimental data. CircadiOmics contains over 290 experiments and over 100 million individual measurements, across >20 unique tissues/organs, and 11 different species. Users are …

Image Restoration Under Adverse Illumination For Various Applications, Lan Fu

Theses and Dissertations

Many images are captured in sub-optimal environment, resulting in various kinds of degradations, such as noise, blur, and shadow. Adverse illumination is one of the most important factors resulting in image degradation with color and illumination distortion or even unidentified image content. Degradation caused by the adverse illumination makes the images suffer from worse visual quality, which might also lead to negative effects on high-level perception tasks, e.g., object detection.

Image restoration under adverse illumination is an effective way to remove such kind of degradations to obtain visual pleasing images. Existing state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) based image restoration …

Small Molecule Activation By Dirhenium Carbonyl Complexes, Meenal Kaushal

Theses and Dissertations

The background of small molecule activation is discussed in Chapter 1. Carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond activation and carbon-carbon (C-C) bond formation using transition metal complexes are explained using examples from the literature. It also includes the previous work done by Dr. Adams’ lab on C-H bond activation and zwitterions in metal carbonyl complexes.

The reaction of Re₂(CO)₈(µ-C₆H₅)(µ-H) with vinyl acetate yielding three new products has been discussed in Chapter 2. One of the products Re₃(CO)₁₃(µ-η² -C₂H₃), 2.3 further reacts with I₂ resulting in …

Learning Depth From Images, Zhenyao Wu

Theses and Dissertations

Estimating depth from images has become a very popular task in computer vision which aims to restore the 3D scene from 2D images and identify important geometric knowledge of the scene. Its performance has been significantly improved by convolutional neural networks in recent years, which surpass the traditional methods by a large margin. However, the natural scenes are usually complicated, and hard to build the correspondence between pixels across frames, such as the region containing moving objects, illumination changes, occlusions, and reflections. This research explores rich and comprehensive spatial correspondence across images and designs three new network architectures for depth …

Knowledge-Infused Learning, Manas Gaur

Theses and Dissertations

In DARPA’s view of the three waves of AI, the first wave of AI, symbolic AI, focused on explicit knowledge. The second and current wave of AI is termed statistical AI. Deep learning techniques have been able to exploit large amounts of data and massive computational power to improve human levels of performance in narrowly defined tasks. Separately, knowledge graphs have emerged as a powerful tool to capture and exploit a variety of explicit knowledge to make algorithms better apprehend the content and enable the next generation of data processing, such as semantic search. After initial hesitancy about the scalability …

Synthesis And Catalytic Behaviors Of Sub-10nm Platinum Group Metal Nanocatalysts, Zixin Wang

Theses and Dissertations

Nanoparticles of platinum group elements(Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os) exhibit intriguing catalytic behaviors that are sensitively dependent upon their particle dimensions, chemical compositions, and surface structures. Platinum group elementbased nanomaterials have been widely utilized for catalyzing a series of important chemical reactions, producing over 90% of chemicals and fuels and accounting for 35% of the world's GDP globally. Reducing the overall particle sizes of the catalysts to the sub-10 nm size regime not only effectively mitigates the cost issues associated with the noble metal-based materials, but also remarkably modifies the surface atomic coordinations and the electronic band energies, …

Structure Preserving Reduced-Order Models Of Hamiltonian Systems, Megan Alice Mckay

Theses and Dissertations

Large-scale dynamical systems are expensive to simulate due to the computational cost accrued y the substantial number of degrees of freedom. To accelerate repeated numerical simulations of the systems, proper orthogonal decomposition reduced order models (POD-ROMs) have been developed. When applied to Hamiltonian systems, however, special care must be taken when performing the reduced order modeling to keep their energy-preserving nature. This work presents a survey of several structure-preserving reduced order models (SP-ROMs). In addition, this work employs the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM) and develops an SP-DEIM model for nonlinear Hamiltonian systems. The wave equation is considered as a …

Poset Ramsey Numbers For Boolean Lattices, Joshua Cain Thompson

Theses and Dissertations

For each positive integer n, let Qn denote the Boolean lattice of dimension n. For posets P, P', define the poset Ramsey number R(P,P') to be the least N such that for any red/blue coloring of the elements of Q_N, there exists either a subposet isomorphic to P with all elements red, or a subposet isomorphic to P' with all elements blue.

Axenovich and Walzer introduced this concept in Order (2017), where they proved R(Q₂, Q_n) ≤ 2n + 2 and R(Q …

Modified Em Algorithm In Smcure Package Based On Proportional Hazards Mixture Cure Model With Offset Terms, Jiaying Yi

Theses and Dissertations

Mixture cure model is a useful method of survival analysis for population including cured proportion and uncured proportion. The R package SMCURE applies EM algorithm to estimate the coefficients of covariates in the mixture cure model. Although an offset term is specified in the SMCURE statement, the offset term is not appropriately handled in the algorithm. This thesis aims to adjust the EM algorithm for the proportional hazards mixture cure model in the SMCURE package. In addition, the offset term can be specified separately in the incidence part or the latency part. The numerical experiments include simulation study and real …

Statistical Methods For Analyzing Dependence Structures With Applications In Single-Cell Experiments, Zhen Yang

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation focuses on studying methods in dependence structure analysis. In particular, it consists of two topics: (1) modeling dynamic correlation in zero-inflated bivariate count data; and (2) gene co-expression latent factor analysis for cell-type clustering.

In Chapter 2, a zero-inflated negative binomial model for analyzing the dynamic correlation in zero-inflated bivariate count data is proposed. Interactions between biological molecules in a cell are tightly coordinated and often highly dynamic. As a result of these varying signaling activities, changes in gene co-expression patterns could often be observed. The advancements in next-generation sequencing tech-nologies bring new statistical challenges for studying these …

Differentiating Pleistocene Alloformations In The South Carolina Coastal Plain Through Lithologic, Textural, Mineralogical, And Cluster Analyses, Charles Andrew Wykel

Theses and Dissertations

Currently, there is no textural or mineralogic basis for identifying and differentiating Pleistocene strand deposits in the South Carolina (SC) Lower Coastal Plain (LCP). Historically, geologic mapping of the SC coastal plain uses geomorphologic and biostratigraphic techniques for identifying and mapping LCP surficial strand deposits. While useful, both approaches have problems. The aim of this study is to develop a cost-effective approach to differentiate and identify strand deposits of different Pleistocene alloformations occurring in the SC LCP. To accomplish this task, four strand samples were taken from the Ten Mile Hill, the Ladson, and Wicomico alloformations in Horry County, SC. …

Statistical Methods For Analyzing Multi-Omics Data: Dependence Structure And Missing Values, Wenda Zhang

Theses and Dissertations

The advancements in high-throughput technologies have made it possible to generate a huge number of "omics'' data, including genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics. Combining multiple data sources and performing joint analyses with all available information and the phenotypic outcome can reflect various aspects in complex biological systems, such as revealing regulation processes, discovering novel associations between biological entities, and identifying relevant biomarkers for certain diseases or phenotypic outcomes. This dissertation focuses on developing statistical models for analyzing multi-omics data. It is comprised of three topics: (1) integrative analysis for multi-omics data with missing observations in intermediate variables; (2) …

Cross Domain Semantic Segmentation, Xinyi Wu

Theses and Dissertations

As a long-standing computer vision task, semantic segmentation is still extensively researched till now because of its importance to visual understanding and analysis. The goal of semantic segmentation is to classify each pixel of images based on the pre-defined classes. In the era of deep learning, convolutional neural networks largely improve the accuracy and efficiency of semantic segmentation. However, this success is achieved with two limitations: 1) a large-scale labeled dataset is required for training while the labeling process for this task is quite labor-intensive and tedious; 2) the trained deep networks can get promising results when testing on the …

Identifying And Discovering Curve Pattern Designs From Fragments Of Pottery, Jun Zhou

Theses and Dissertations

The surface of many cultural heritage objects, such as pottery sherds found in the Southeastern Woodlands, were embellished with curve patterns. The original full designs of these patterns reflect rich historical and cultural information. However, in practice, most objects are fragmentary, making the complete underlying designs unknowable at the scale of the sherd fragment. The challenge to reconstruct and study complete designs is stymied because 1) most pottery sherds contain only a small portion of the underlying full design, 2) curve patterns detected on a sherd are usually incomplete and noisy, and 3) in the case of a stamping application, …