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Articles 211 - 240 of 7284

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Competition Of Light-And Phonon-Dressing In Microwave-Dressed Bose Polarons, G. M. Koutentakis, S. I. Mistakidis, F. Grusdt, H. R. Sadeghpour, P. Schmelcher Oct 2025

Competition Of Light-And Phonon-Dressing In Microwave-Dressed Bose Polarons, G. M. Koutentakis, S. I. Mistakidis, F. Grusdt, H. R. Sadeghpour, P. Schmelcher

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We theoretically investigate the stationary properties of a spin-1/2 impurity immersed in a one-dimensional confined Bose gas. In particular, we consider coherently coupled spin states with an external field, where only one spin component interacts with the bath, enabling light dressing of the impurity and spin-dependent bath-impurity interactions. Through detailed comparisons with ab-initio many-body simulations, we demonstrate that the composite system is accurately described by a simplified effective Hamiltonian. The latter builds upon previously developed effective potential approaches in the absence of light dressing. It can be used to extract the impurity energy, residue, effective mass, and anharmonicity induced by …

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Effect Of Clays On The Spontaneous Imbibition Behavior Of Surfactant Solutions In Shale Oil Reservoirs, Ning Xu, Yanling Wang, Baojun Bai, Chuanbao Zhang, Shizhang Cui, Yu Zhang, Di Li, Wenjing Shi, Wenhui Ding Sep 2025

Effect Of Clays On The Spontaneous Imbibition Behavior Of Surfactant Solutions In Shale Oil Reservoirs, Ning Xu, Yanling Wang, Baojun Bai, Chuanbao Zhang, Shizhang Cui, Yu Zhang, Di Li, Wenjing Shi, Wenhui Ding

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Surfactant-enhanced spontaneous imbibition is a proven method of enhancing oil recovery from shale reservoirs. However, a significant knowledge gap concerning the impact of clay minerals on surfactant-enhanced imbibition in shale reservoirs remains. Therefore, this study first analyzed the mineral composition and pore structure of the shale reservoirs. Subsequently, three surfactants were selected for spontaneous imbibition experiments. The influence of various clay minerals on the surfactant imbibition was assessed by considering various properties of the imbibition system. The results showed that the shale pores primarily consisted of macropores (44.03%) and mesopores (43.94%). Surfactants enhance the imbibition recovery by altering the wettability …

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Bioelectrochemical Systems: Prioritizing Energy Density, Long-Term Stability, And Validation, Luana C.I. Faria, Steffane Q. Nascimento, Filipe C.D.A. Lima, Graziela C. Sedenho, Thiago Bertaglia, Rodrigo M. Iost, João C.P. De Souza, Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez, Shelley D. Minteer, Serge Cosnier, Ariel L. Furst, Frank N. Crespilho Sep 2025

Bioelectrochemical Systems: Prioritizing Energy Density, Long-Term Stability, And Validation, Luana C.I. Faria, Steffane Q. Nascimento, Filipe C.D.A. Lima, Graziela C. Sedenho, Thiago Bertaglia, Rodrigo M. Iost, João C.P. De Souza, Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez, Shelley D. Minteer, Serge Cosnier, Ariel L. Furst, Frank N. Crespilho

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Pioneering work in bioelectrochemistry, particularly the employing of yeast cells to generate electrical current, had substantially favored the comprehension of bio electrochemical reactions. This foundational research has boosted the development of bio electrochemical systems (BES), which are significant for sustainable energy solutions. BES technologies, such as biobatteries, bio supercapacitors, and enzymatic and microbial biofuel cells, harness organic and biological systems to provide environmentally friendly alternatives for energy storage and conversion. Despite their potential, these technologies face challenges in achieving competitive energy densities and long-term stability compared to traditional accumulators and converters. Here, we introduce a new Ragone plot for BES, …

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Nonlinear Stage Of Modulational Instability In Repulsive Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates, S. Mossman, S. I. Mistakidis, G. C. Katsimiga, A. Romero-Ros, G. Biondini, P. Schmelcher, P. Engels, P. G. Kevrekidis Sep 2025

Nonlinear Stage Of Modulational Instability In Repulsive Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates, S. Mossman, S. I. Mistakidis, G. C. Katsimiga, A. Romero-Ros, G. Biondini, P. Schmelcher, P. Engels, P. G. Kevrekidis

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Modulational instability (MI) is a fundamental phenomenon in the study of nonlinear dynamics, spanning diverse areas such as shallow water waves, optics, and ultracold atomic gases. In particular, the nonlinear stage of MI has recently been a topic of intense exploration and has been shown to manifest, in many cases, in the generation of dispersive shock waves (DSWs). In this Letter, we experimentally probe the MI dynamics in an immiscible two-component ultracold atomic gas with exclusively repulsive interactions, catalyzed by a hard-wall-like boundary produced by a repulsive optical barrier. We analytically describe the expansion rate of the DSWs in this …

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Coupled-Channel Calculations Of Fully Differential Cross Sections For Ionization In 75-Kev P + He Collisions, K. H. Spicer, N. W. Antonio, M. S. Schöffler, Michael Schulz, A. S. Kadyrov Sep 2025

Coupled-Channel Calculations Of Fully Differential Cross Sections For Ionization In 75-Kev P + He Collisions, K. H. Spicer, N. W. Antonio, M. S. Schöffler, Michael Schulz, A. S. Kadyrov

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The fully differential cross section is the most detailed quantity that can be measured or calculated to study ionization in few-body systems. For 75 keV proton collisions with helium, various experimental data are available. However, previous theoretical calculations found significant discrepancies across the entire range of data. In this work the wave-packet convergent close-coupling method is extended to calculating these cross sections for electrons ejected with energies from 1 to 75.4 eV. The approach utilizes a two-center expansion and correlated two-electron helium wave functions to describe the four-body proton-helium system. While there is good agreement with the experiment for electrons …

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Paleoseismic Evidence Of Directivity For The 1976 Mw 7.5 Motagua Earthquake, Guatemala, Jonathan Obrist-Farner, Jeremy Maurer, Derek Gibson, Trenton Mcenaney, Andreas Eckert, William F. Kenney, Jeffrey Beeson, Nigel Wattrus, Quin Stangeland, Fatima Reyes Sep 2025

Paleoseismic Evidence Of Directivity For The 1976 Mw 7.5 Motagua Earthquake, Guatemala, Jonathan Obrist-Farner, Jeremy Maurer, Derek Gibson, Trenton Mcenaney, Andreas Eckert, William F. Kenney, Jeffrey Beeson, Nigel Wattrus, Quin Stangeland, Fatima Reyes

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

On 4 February 1976, a Mw 7.5 earthquake along the Motagua fault, Guatemala, ruptured ∼230 km of the North American and Caribbean plate boundary. Today, the plate boundary remains poorly monitored, and the 1976 earthquake is still not fully understood. Here, we present seismic reflection profiles and radiometrically dated sediment core data from six lakes around the Motagua fault, together with reports of destruction and a quasi-dynamic rupture model, which show that the 1976 earthquake experienced strong directivity that impacted the distribution of shaking. The earthquake left behind a detailed record of event deposits (EDs) in five of the six …

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Multiply Differential Study Of Detachment With Simultaneous Target Excitation In Anion-Atom Collisions, M. Schulz, F. Herrmann, W. Zhang, D. V. Chicharro, A. Dorn, M. Grieser, F. Grussie, H. Kreckel, O. Novotny, F. Trost, A. Wolf, T. Pfeifer, C. D. Schröter Sep 2025

Multiply Differential Study Of Detachment With Simultaneous Target Excitation In Anion-Atom Collisions, M. Schulz, F. Herrmann, W. Zhang, D. V. Chicharro, A. Dorn, M. Grieser, F. Grussie, H. Kreckel, O. Novotny, F. Trost, A. Wolf, T. Pfeifer, C. D. Schröter

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We have measured momenta of electrons and recoil ions in triple coincidence with neutralized projectiles for slow collisions between various anions and target atoms. From the data we extracted triple differential momentum and angular distributions of electrons ejected in detachment, in detachment with simultaneous target ionization (DI), and in detachment with simultaneous target excitation (DE). The DI rates relative to the DE rates depend sensitively on the projectile speed and on the properties of the target.

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Continuous Pump-Probe Experiment To Observe Zeeman Wave-Packet Dynamics, K. L. Romans, K. Foster, S. Majumdar, B. P. Acharya, O. Russ, A. H.N.C. De Silva, Daniel Fischer Sep 2025

Continuous Pump-Probe Experiment To Observe Zeeman Wave-Packet Dynamics, K. L. Romans, K. Foster, S. Majumdar, B. P. Acharya, O. Russ, A. H.N.C. De Silva, Daniel Fischer

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this work, we study the coherent dynamics of an atomic Zeeman wave packet using a continuous pump-probe scheme. A polarized Zeeman wave packet is created in laser-cooled lithium atoms via few-photon excitation by a femtosecond laser pulse, producing a state with a magnetic moment tilted relative to an external magnetic field. The subsequent Larmor precession of the atomic magnetic moment is probed via continuous ionization by an optical dipole trap (ODT) laser. The resulting ionization fragments—photoelectrons and photo ions—are detected in coincidence using a cold target recoil ion momentum spectrometer (COLTRIMS). While the ODT facilitates further cooling of the …

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High-Capacity, Reversible, And Energy-Efficient Water Vapor Sorption By Hierarchical Micro-To-Macroporous Carbon Aerogels From Polybenzoxazine And Polybenzodiazine, Vaibhav A. Edlabadkar, Rushi U. Soni, Stephen Y. Owusu, A. B.M.Shaheen Ud Doulah, Nicholas Leventis, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis Sep 2025

High-Capacity, Reversible, And Energy-Efficient Water Vapor Sorption By Hierarchical Micro-To-Macroporous Carbon Aerogels From Polybenzoxazine And Polybenzodiazine, Vaibhav A. Edlabadkar, Rushi U. Soni, Stephen Y. Owusu, A. B.M.Shaheen Ud Doulah, Nicholas Leventis, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Quantitative, reversible water vapor sorption is in rising demand for applications ranging from home appliances to atmospheric water harvesting. However, most sorbents suffer from low water-uptake capacities, nonreusability, and especially high regeneration temperatures. This study addresses this challenge by introducing polybenzoxazine- (PBO) and polybenzodiazine-derived (PBDAZ) carbon aerogels as reversible high-capacity desiccants. PBO and PBDAZ aerogels were prepared from structurally related monomers via HCl-catalyzed ring opening polymerization. Both types of aerogels were first aromatized at 200–240 °C under air or O2 and then were carbonized at 800 °C under Ar. These as-prepared carbon aerogels were further etched at 1000 °C under …

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Generalized Transversality Conditions For Fuzzy Quantum-Symmetric Variational Problems Via Granular Approach, Martin Bohner, Ewa Girejko, Agnieszka B. Malinowska, Linh Nguyen, Baruch Schneider, Tri Truong Sep 2025

Generalized Transversality Conditions For Fuzzy Quantum-Symmetric Variational Problems Via Granular Approach, Martin Bohner, Ewa Girejko, Agnieszka B. Malinowska, Linh Nguyen, Baruch Schneider, Tri Truong

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper investigates fuzzy q-symmetric variational problems with natural boundary conditions. Based on the relative distance measure fuzzy arithmetic and horizontal membership functions (HMFs), we propose novel concepts of differentiability and integrability for fuzzy functions on quantum geometric subsets of real numbers. Then, fundamental foundations of q-symmetric calculus of variations based on HMFs are provided. With the help of HMFs and granular q-symmetric differentiability, we derive necessary optimality conditions for fuzzy q-symmetric variational problems that depend on free endpoints. Moreover, sufficient conditions for minimizers of q-symmetric variational problems are obtained. Some numerical examples illustrating the proposed approach are presented.

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Novel Statistical And Topological Data Analyses Of 2d Electronic Images, Robert L. Paige, Vic Patrangenaru Sep 2025

Novel Statistical And Topological Data Analyses Of 2d Electronic Images, Robert L. Paige, Vic Patrangenaru

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, novel statistical and topological data analyses of 2D images are developed. One considers methodologies based on the Region Covariance Descriptor (RCD) and Topological Data Analysis (TDA) rooted in the simplicial as well as cubical persistent homologies. These methods provide statistical methods for data from populations of complex data objects that are elements of non-Euclidean spaces. The 2D image data considered consist of pictures of two leaves—A and B—from the same tree, twenty of each leaf, from different perspectives. The novel statistical procedures developed are used for correctly determining that leaf A images and leaf B images are …

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Greedy Algorithm For Neural Networks For Indefinite Elliptic Problems, Qingguo Hong, Jiwei Jia, Young Ju Lee, Ziqian Li Sep 2025

Greedy Algorithm For Neural Networks For Indefinite Elliptic Problems, Qingguo Hong, Jiwei Jia, Young Ju Lee, Ziqian Li

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The paper presents a priori error analysis of the shallow neural network approximation to the solution to the indefinite elliptic equation and a cutting-edge implementation of the Orthogonal Greedy Algorithm (OGA) tailored to overcome the challenges of indefinite elliptic problems, which is a domain where conventional approaches often struggle due to the lack of coerciveness. A rigorous priori error analysis that shows the neural network's ability to approximate the solution of indefinite problems is confirmed numerically by OGA. We also present the error analysis of the relevant numerical quadrature. In particular, massive numerical implementations are conducted to justify the theory, …

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Ibi-Dt: A Novel Approach Combining Individualized Bayesian Inference And Decision Tree For Identifying Cancer Drivers And Their Interactions, Md Asad Rahman, Gregory F. Cooper, Jinying Zhao, Xinghua Lu, Jinling Liu Sep 2025

Ibi-Dt: A Novel Approach Combining Individualized Bayesian Inference And Decision Tree For Identifying Cancer Drivers And Their Interactions, Md Asad Rahman, Gregory F. Cooper, Jinying Zhao, Xinghua Lu, Jinling Liu

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cancer is mainly caused by a relatively small portion of somatic genome alterations (SGAs), called cancer drivers. Despite success in identifying a good number of cancer drivers, many more remain to be discovered to explain various cancers. Moreover, limited tools are available to identify potential interactions among cancer drivers for a better understanding of oncogenesis. To tackle these challenges, we have developed a novel approach called individualized Bayesian inference using a decision tree (IBI-DT). IBI-DT recognizes the genetic heterogeneity among cancer patients, where different individuals or patient subgroups of distinct genomic makeup may have different drivers. IBI-DT works by constructing …

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Assessing The Effectiveness Of Crawlers And Large Language Models In Detecting Adversarial Hidden Link Threats In Meta Computing, Junjie Xiong, Mingkui Wei, Zhuo Lu, Yao Liu Sep 2025

Assessing The Effectiveness Of Crawlers And Large Language Models In Detecting Adversarial Hidden Link Threats In Meta Computing, Junjie Xiong, Mingkui Wei, Zhuo Lu, Yao Liu

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the emerging field of Meta Computing, where data collection and integration are essential components, the threat of adversary hidden link attacks poses a significant challenge to web crawlers. In this paper, we investigate the influence of these attacks on data collection by web crawlers, which famously elude conventional detection techniques using large language models (LLMs). Empirically, we find some vulnerabilities in the current crawler mechanisms and large language model detection, especially in code inspection, and propose enhancements that will help mitigate these weaknesses. Our assessment of real-world web pages reveals the prevalence and impact of adversary hidden link attacks, …

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Synergetic Adsorptive Mechanisms, Reusability And Cost Evaluations Of Green Fabricated Hybrid Barium Cobalt Nanocomposites For Methylene Blue And Lead Removal From Wastewater, Titus Chinedu Egbosiuba, Chibuike Christogonus Njoku, Ijeoma Jacinta Ani, Godwin Ifeanyi Ogbuehi, Abdulkareem Omeiza Yusuf, Abiodun Azeez Saka, Ugochukwu Ewuzie, Ebuka Emmanuel Ezennajiego, Blessing Onyinye Okafor, Walter Chibuike Anene, Cecilia Chika Unegbu, Florence Acha, Monday Uchenna Okoronkwo Sep 2025

Synergetic Adsorptive Mechanisms, Reusability And Cost Evaluations Of Green Fabricated Hybrid Barium Cobalt Nanocomposites For Methylene Blue And Lead Removal From Wastewater, Titus Chinedu Egbosiuba, Chibuike Christogonus Njoku, Ijeoma Jacinta Ani, Godwin Ifeanyi Ogbuehi, Abdulkareem Omeiza Yusuf, Abiodun Azeez Saka, Ugochukwu Ewuzie, Ebuka Emmanuel Ezennajiego, Blessing Onyinye Okafor, Walter Chibuike Anene, Cecilia Chika Unegbu, Florence Acha, Monday Uchenna Okoronkwo

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Barium nanoparticles (BaNPs), cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs), and hybrid barium-cobalt nanocomposites (BaCoNCs) were synthesized using an eco-friendly green technique with Anacardium occidentale leaf extract for sequestration of methylene blue (MB) dye and lead (Pb (II)) ions from industrial wastewater. The nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis to assess their functional groups, crystalline structure, morphology, and surface properties, confirming successful synthesis. Batch adsorption studies showed that optimal pollutant removal occurred at pH values of 8 for MB and 5 for Pb(II), with a contact time …

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Short–Range Hard–Sphere Potential And Coulomb Interaction: Deser–Trueman Formula For Rydberg States Of Exotic Atomic Systems, Gregory S. Adkins, Ulrich D. Jentschura Sep 2025

Short–Range Hard–Sphere Potential And Coulomb Interaction: Deser–Trueman Formula For Rydberg States Of Exotic Atomic Systems, Gregory S. Adkins, Ulrich D. Jentschura

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In exotic atomic systems with hadronic constituent particles, it is notoriously difficult to estimate the strong-interaction correction to energy levels. It is well known that, due to the strength of the nuclear interaction, the problem cannot be solved using Wigner–Brillouin perturbation theory alone. Recently, high-angular-momentum Rydberg states of exotic atomic systems with hadronic constituents have been identified as promising candidates in the search for new physics in the low-energy sector of the Standard Model. We thus derive a generalized Deser–Trueman formula for the induced energy shift for a general hydrogenic bound state with principal quantum number n and orbital angular …

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Fractional Brownian Motion With Mean-Density Interaction: A Myopic Self-Avoiding Fractional Stochastic Process, Jonathan House, Rashad Bakhshizada, Skirmantas Janušonis, Ralf Metzler, Thomas Vojta Sep 2025

Fractional Brownian Motion With Mean-Density Interaction: A Myopic Self-Avoiding Fractional Stochastic Process, Jonathan House, Rashad Bakhshizada, Skirmantas Janušonis, Ralf Metzler, Thomas Vojta

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Fractional Brownian motion is a Gaussian stochastic process with long-range correlations in time; it has been shown to be a useful model of anomalous diffusion. Here, we investigate the effects of mutual interactions in an ensemble of particles undergoing fractional Brownian motion. Specifically, we introduce a mean-density interaction in which each particle in the ensemble is coupled to the gradient of the total, time-integrated density produced by the entire ensemble. We report the results of extensive computer simulations for the mean-squared displacements and the probability densities of particles undergoing one-dimensional fractional Brownian motion with such a mean-density interaction. We find …

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Cysteine Oxidation Of A Redox Hub Within Complex I Can Facilitate Electron Transport Chain Supercomplex Formation, Runtai Chen, Seyed Amirhossein Tabatabaei Dakhili, Rokas Gerulskis, Yuan Yuan Zhao, Steven Lockhart, Lusine Tonoyan, Arno G. Siraki, Guocheng Huang, Adam Kinnaird, Darren H. Freed, Shelley D. Minteer, Evangelos D. Michelakis, John R. Ussher Sep 2025

Cysteine Oxidation Of A Redox Hub Within Complex I Can Facilitate Electron Transport Chain Supercomplex Formation, Runtai Chen, Seyed Amirhossein Tabatabaei Dakhili, Rokas Gerulskis, Yuan Yuan Zhao, Steven Lockhart, Lusine Tonoyan, Arno G. Siraki, Guocheng Huang, Adam Kinnaird, Darren H. Freed, Shelley D. Minteer, Evangelos D. Michelakis, John R. Ussher

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is a four complex unit that could be considered the most essential infrastructure within the mitochondria, as it primarily functions to generate the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), which can then be utilized for ATP synthesis or heat production. Another important aspect of ETC function is the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), which are essential physiologic signaling mediators that can be toxic to the cell if their levels become too high. Currently, it remains unresolved how a highly utilized and functioning ETC can sense excessive mtROS generation and adapt, to enhance ΔΨm. Here, …

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Mantle Flow And Fault Zone Related Seismic Anisotropy Revealed By A Dense Linear Broadband Array In Southeast Tibet, Jing Wu, Yinshuang Ai, Stephen S. Gao, Peixi Huang, Fansheng Kong, Deke Xu, Jianguo Song, Xinyu Gao, Mengyi Wei, Long Li, Jien Zhang, Yanbin Zhang, Yingying Zhang Aug 2025

Mantle Flow And Fault Zone Related Seismic Anisotropy Revealed By A Dense Linear Broadband Array In Southeast Tibet, Jing Wu, Yinshuang Ai, Stephen S. Gao, Peixi Huang, Fansheng Kong, Deke Xu, Jianguo Song, Xinyu Gao, Mengyi Wei, Long Li, Jien Zhang, Yanbin Zhang, Yingying Zhang

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Southeast Tibet, a key region for the southeastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau, remains debated in terms of its tectonic deformation in response to the ongoing collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. In this study, we applied shear-wave splitting analysis of core-refracted phases recorded by a newly deployed dense seismic array and six permanent stations to delineate crustal and mantle deformation processes. The observed fast polarization directions are predominantly aligned NNW–SSE, while the splitting delay times vary across four sub-blocks. The anisotropy pattern suggests a dominantly asthenospheric origin, consistent with southeastward-directed mantle flow associated with the extrusion of the …

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Dissolution Mechanism Of Nonionic Polyether Surfactants In Supercritical Co2, Ning Xu, Yanling Wang, Baojun Bai, Shizhang Cui, Zan Gao, Yu Zhang, Di Li, Wenjing Shi, Wenhui Ding, Peixu Ma Aug 2025

Dissolution Mechanism Of Nonionic Polyether Surfactants In Supercritical Co2, Ning Xu, Yanling Wang, Baojun Bai, Shizhang Cui, Zan Gao, Yu Zhang, Di Li, Wenjing Shi, Wenhui Ding, Peixu Ma

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Polyoxyethylene ether is an efficient CO2-philic compound with significant potential applications in CO2 flooding, which requires CO2-philic surfactants with high solubility in supercritical CO2 (scCO2). This study elucidates the molecular and atomic-level dissolution mechanism of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) in scCO2 by combining phase-behavior experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The solubility of AEO in scCO2 is measured using a semiconductor laser. AEO containing three polyoxyethylene (EO) groups exhibited the highest solubility in scCO2.The solubility of AEO in scCO2 decreased with an increase in the number …

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Efficient Decontamination Of Organophosphate-Based Pesticides And Nerve Agent Simulants Mediated By N-Containing Nucleophiles, Emmanuel Kingsley Darkwah, Puspa Aryal, Saidulu Todeti, Jared Kenik, Samuel Insall, V. Prakash Reddy, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis Aug 2025

Efficient Decontamination Of Organophosphate-Based Pesticides And Nerve Agent Simulants Mediated By N-Containing Nucleophiles, Emmanuel Kingsley Darkwah, Puspa Aryal, Saidulu Todeti, Jared Kenik, Samuel Insall, V. Prakash Reddy, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

There is a growing interest in developing safer and more effective decontaminating agents for organophosphate-based pesticides and nerve agents. In this study, we present an effective method for the nonaqueous decontamination of these compounds using small-molecule-based decontaminating agents under ambient conditions. Our approach utilizes aryl and heteroaryl carboxaldehyde hydrazones and hydrazides to effectively hydrolyze nerve agent simulants into their nontoxic degradation products. The effectiveness of this method was evaluated using a range of nerve agent simulants, including dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP), dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP). In the presence of the heteroaryl hydrazone, the rate of hydrolysis …

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The Implications Of Insecure Use Of Fonts Against Pdf Documents And Web Pages, Junjie Xiong, Mingkui Wei, Xiao Han, Zhuo Lu, Yao Liu Aug 2025

The Implications Of Insecure Use Of Fonts Against Pdf Documents And Web Pages, Junjie Xiong, Mingkui Wei, Xiao Han, Zhuo Lu, Yao Liu

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper identifies the importance of the safe use of fonts in web and document security. We find multiple attack surfaces that can be exploited by an adversary using malicious fonts. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of Portable Document Format (PDF) documents collected from the real world to investigate how an attacker can bypass PDF signatures. We further evaluate the potential security threats that an attacker can bring to web-based emails. Our study shows that various security issues may be caused by the inappropriate use of fonts, which are nevertheless overlooked in the past years. As such, guidelines promoting the …

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Receiver Function Imaging Of The Mantle Transition Zone Beneath The East Sayan Mountains And Adjacent Area In Central Asia: Implications For Lithospheric Drip And Intraplate Cenozoic Volcanism, Yangyang Liao, Kelly H. Liu, Stephen S. Gao Aug 2025

Receiver Function Imaging Of The Mantle Transition Zone Beneath The East Sayan Mountains And Adjacent Area In Central Asia: Implications For Lithospheric Drip And Intraplate Cenozoic Volcanism, Yangyang Liao, Kelly H. Liu, Stephen S. Gao

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

To provide constraints on the formation mechanisms of intracontinental volcanisms and intriguing lithospheric thickness variations in the East Sayan Mountains and surrounding areas, we stack P-to-s receiver functions to image the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities. Mantle transition zone (MTZ) thickening observed in a continuous area is attributable to ancient slab remnants, and Cenozoic volcanisms in the peripheral area can be explained by slab dehydration. The thinning of the MTZ in the Tuva-Mongolian Massif can be explained by mantle upwelling branches induced by slab subduction. Our results reveal an approximately circular area in the MTZ that is significantly thicker than usual, …

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Collapse Of A Quantum Vortex In An Attractive Two-Dimensional Bose Gas, Sambit Banerjee, Kai Zhou, Shiva Kant Tiwari, Hikaru Tamura, Rongjie Li, Panayotis Kevrekidis, Simeon I. Mistakidis, Valentin Walther, Chen Lung Hung Aug 2025

Collapse Of A Quantum Vortex In An Attractive Two-Dimensional Bose Gas, Sambit Banerjee, Kai Zhou, Shiva Kant Tiwari, Hikaru Tamura, Rongjie Li, Panayotis Kevrekidis, Simeon I. Mistakidis, Valentin Walther, Chen Lung Hung

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We experimentally and numerically study the collapse dynamics of a quantum vortex in a two-dimensional atomic superfluid following a fast interaction ramp from repulsion to attraction. We find the conditions and timescales for a superfluid vortex to radially converge into a quasi-stationary density profile, demonstrating the spontaneous formation of a vortex soliton like structure in an atomic Bose gas. We record an emergent self-similar dynamic caused by an azimuthal modulational instability, which amplifies initial density perturbations and leads to the eventual splitting of a solitonic ring profile or direct fragmentation of a superfluid into disordered, but roughly circular arrays of …

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Epitaxial Electrodeposition Of Cu-Btc Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films Onto The (100), (110), And (111) Surfaces Of Single-Crystal Gold And Cuprous Oxide Buffer Layers, Xiaoting Zhang, John Z. Tubbesing, Jay A. Switzer Aug 2025

Epitaxial Electrodeposition Of Cu-Btc Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films Onto The (100), (110), And (111) Surfaces Of Single-Crystal Gold And Cuprous Oxide Buffer Layers, Xiaoting Zhang, John Z. Tubbesing, Jay A. Switzer

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have well-defined pore structures. Epitaxial MOFs can produce films with uniform pore sizes and open porosity. However, the growth of epitaxial MOF thin films has remained a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a cathodic electrodeposition method for the epitaxial growth of a well-known MOF material, copper (II)-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (Cu-BTC), from solution precursors. The epitaxial electrodeposition of Cu-BTC was achieved in a Cu (NO3)2-H3BTC-H2O2 bath using H2O2 reduction to deprotonate the H3BTC molecule. The Cu-BTC films can be grown to micrometer thicknesses with Faradaic efficiencies up …

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Energy-Stable And Efficient Finite Element Schemes For The Shliomis Model Of Ferrofluid Flows, Guo Dong Zhang, Kejia Pan, Xiaoming He, Xiaofeng Yang Aug 2025

Energy-Stable And Efficient Finite Element Schemes For The Shliomis Model Of Ferrofluid Flows, Guo Dong Zhang, Kejia Pan, Xiaoming He, Xiaofeng Yang

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we aim to design two energy-stable and efficient finite element schemes for simulating the ferrofluid flows based on the well-known Shliomis model. The model is a highly nonlinear, coupled, multi-physics system, consisting of the Navier–Stokes equations, magnetostatic equation, and magnetization field equation. We propose two reliable numerical algorithms with the following desired features: linearity and unconditional energy stability. Several key techniques are used to achieve the required features, including the auxiliary variable method, consistent terms method, prediction-correction method, and semi-implicit stabilization method. The first scheme is based on a hybrid continuous/discontinuous finite elements spatial approximation, and the …

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Mantle Flow And Crustal Deformation Revealed By Seismic Anisotropy In The Subduction Zone Beneath Myanmar, Enbo Fan, Mingming Jiang, Yinshuang Ai, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu, Yumei He, Yiming Bai, Guangbing Hou, Yuan Ling, Chit Thet Mon, Myo Thant, Kyaing Sein Aug 2025

Mantle Flow And Crustal Deformation Revealed By Seismic Anisotropy In The Subduction Zone Beneath Myanmar, Enbo Fan, Mingming Jiang, Yinshuang Ai, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu, Yumei He, Yiming Bai, Guangbing Hou, Yuan Ling, Chit Thet Mon, Myo Thant, Kyaing Sein

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The oblique convergence of the Indian and Eurasian plates drives significant deformation in the crust and mantle beneath Myanmar. However, the crustal deformation in the Indo-Burman Ranges (IBR) and mantle flow beneath Myanmar and adjacent areas remain unclear due to limited studies. We utilized data from the newly deployed second phase of the China-Myanmar Geophysical Survey of the Myanmar Orogen array to perform shear wave splitting analysis of PKS, SKKS, and SKS (XKS) phases. Our results, together with previous findings, provide new insights into mantle flow and crustal deformation across central Myanmar. In the IBR, we observed a transition from …

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Short: Breaking The Charge: Exploiting State Manipulation In Ev Charging, Ce Zhou, Qiben Yan, Zhiyuan Yu, Eshan Dixit, Ning Zhang, Huacheng Zeng, Alireza Safdari Ghanhdari Aug 2025

Short: Breaking The Charge: Exploiting State Manipulation In Ev Charging, Ce Zhou, Qiben Yan, Zhiyuan Yu, Eshan Dixit, Ning Zhang, Huacheng Zeng, Alireza Safdari Ghanhdari

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Electric vehicles (EVs) have become one of the promising solutions to the ever-evolving environmental and energy crisis. The key to the wide adoption of EVs is a pervasive charging infrastructure, composed of both private/home chargers and public/commercial charging stations. However, the security of electric vehicle charging has not been thoroughly investigated. This paper investigates the communication mechanisms between the chargers and EVs and exposes the lack of protection for the authenticity in the SAE J1772 charging control protocol. To showcase our discoveries, we propose a new class of attacks, ChargeX, which aims to manipulate the charging states of EV chargers …

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Comparative Nitrene-Transfer Chemistry To Olefins Mediated By First-Row Transition Metal Catalysts Supported By A Pyridinophane Macrocycle With N4 Ligation, Himanshu Bhatia, Lillian P. Adams, Ingrid Cordsiemon, Suraj Kumar Sahoo, Amitava Choudhury, Thomas R. Cundari, Pericles Stavropoulos Aug 2025

Comparative Nitrene-Transfer Chemistry To Olefins Mediated By First-Row Transition Metal Catalysts Supported By A Pyridinophane Macrocycle With N4 Ligation, Himanshu Bhatia, Lillian P. Adams, Ingrid Cordsiemon, Suraj Kumar Sahoo, Amitava Choudhury, Thomas R. Cundari, Pericles Stavropoulos

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

A 12-membered pyridinophane scaffold containing two pyridine and two tertiary amine residues is examined as a prototype ligand (tBuN4) for supporting nitrene transfer to olefins. The known [(tBuN4)MII(MeCN)2]2+ (M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) and [(tBuN4)CuI(MeCN)]+ cations are synthesized with the hexafluorophosphate counteranion. The aziridination of para-substituted styrenes with PhI=NTs (Ts = tosyl) in various solvents proved to be high yielding for the Cu(I) and Cu(II) reagents, in contrast to the modest efficacy of all other metals. For α-substituted styrenes, aziridination is accompanied by products of aziridine …

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Squeezing Information From Radio Surveys To Probe The Primordial Universe, Dionysios Karagiannis, Roy Maartens, Shun Saito, José Fonseca, Stefano Camera, Chris Clarkson Aug 2025

Squeezing Information From Radio Surveys To Probe The Primordial Universe, Dionysios Karagiannis, Roy Maartens, Shun Saito, José Fonseca, Stefano Camera, Chris Clarkson

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

A major goal of cosmology is to understand the nature of the field(s) which drove primordial Inflation. Through future observations, the statistics of large-scale structure will allow us to probe primordial non-Gaussianity of the curvature perturbation at the end of Inflation. We show how a new correlation statistic can significantly improve these constraints over conventional methods. Next-generation radio telescope arrays are under construction which will map the density field of neutral hydrogen to high redshifts. These telescopes can operate as an interferometer, able to probe small scales, or as a collection of single dishes, combining signals to map the large …

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