Epidemiology Commons^™

Covid 19 In U.S. Migrant Detention Centers: The Call For Freedom In The Face Of A Global Pandemic, Salma Rojas

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

My research paper investigates the responses of the U.S. immigration detention system to the COVID 19 pandemic and determines the capacity of the detention centers to keep detained individuals alive and healthy. As I analyze their capacities, I look to past detention center outbreaks, updated public health resources, reports on ICE facility conditions and the testimonies of migrant people who were detained during the COVID 19 crisis. The urgency of the COVID 19 pandemic is why I dedicate part of my paper to what needs to be done to prevent the situation from worsening. In drawing from these various sources, …

Non-State Actors’ Covid-19 Response In Nepal, Jenna Mae Biedscheid

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This research explores the ways in which non-state actors have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal and the needs present in the months before drastic increases in cases began on May 11th. In doing so, it describes how social and political inequality within Nepal has caused people experiencing the most need to be left out of early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic relief effort. This research includes a literature review which situates Nepal amidst the global pandemic as well as interviews with non-state actors currently responding in Nepal. It finds that migrant workers, daily wage earners, Dalits, Janajati/Adivasi peoples, …

Associations Between County-Level Socioeconomic Status And Opioid Overdose Rates In Northern New England, Samuel Godfrey

Theses and Dissertations

Background – The opioid epidemic persists as a significant concern to public health as the proliferation of fentanyl presents additional risks for illicit opioid users. States such as Maine and New Hampshire experience far greater opioid overdose rates compared to the overall US opioid overdose rate. Many studies on the opioid epidemic use socioeconomic and macroeconomic factors individually but few use a composite index of multiple of these measures. Limited attention has been paid to the need for a composite index of socioeconomic status at the small area (county) level designed to quantify the impact of socioeconomic status on the …

The Current State Of Migrant Health In Morocco: Pre-And Peri-Covid-19 Pandemic, Layla Babahaji

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In the early 21st century, Morocco transitioned from being a predominantly transit migration country into both a transit and destination country for migrants. In 2013, the Moroccan government took significant steps to adapt the healthcare system in better integrating migrants in its policies. The government implemented the National Strategy on Immigration and Asylum that improved access to public health care for migrants. Recently, in March of 2020, Morocco declared a state of medical emergency due to the current COVID-19 pandemic that continues today. This paper addresses the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the current state of migrant health in …

Association Of Dairy Consumption With Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertension And Diabetes In 147 812 Individuals From 21 Countries, Balaji Bhavadharini, Mahshid Dehghan, Andrew Mente, Sumathy Rangarajan, Patrick Sheridan, Viswanathan Mohan, Romaina Iqbal, Rajeev Gupta, Scott Lear, Edelweiss Wentzel-Viljoen

Community Health Sciences

Objective: Our aims were to assess the association of dairy intake with prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (cross-sectionally) and with incident hypertension and incident diabetes (prospectively) in a large multinational cohort study.
Methods: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a prospective epidemiological study of individuals aged 35 and 70 years from 21 countries on five continents, with a median follow-up of 9.1 years. In the cross-sectional analyses, we assessed the association of dairy intake with prevalent MetS and its components among individuals with information on the five MetS components (n=112 922). For the prospective analyses, we …

Defining The Burden Of Covid-19 In The Kentuckiana Area: Incidence, Epidemiology & Clinical Outcomes Of Patients With Covid-19, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Rationale: Early evaluation of the burden of disease that COVID-19 may produce in a community is critical to appropriately allocate resources for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to define the incidence, epidemiology, and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in the Louisville, Kentucky, and southern Indiana region (Kentuckiana) of the USA.

Methods: This will be a retrospective observational study of patients in the Kentuckiana region with the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Ua94/6/1 Covid-19 Diary, Anonymous

Student/Alumni Personal Papers

COVID-19 diary submitted to WKU Archives by a healthcare worker.

On The Inadequacy Of Species Distribution Models For Modelling The Spread Of Sars-Cov-2: Response To Araújo And Naimi, Joseph D. Chipperfield, Blas M. Benito, Robert B. O'Hara, Richard J. Telford, Colin J. Carlson

United States Public Health Resources

The ongoing pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing significant damage to public health and economic livelihoods, and is putting significant strains on healthcare services globally. This unfolding emergency has prompted the preparation and dissemination of the article “Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus likely to be constrained by climate” by Araújo and Naimi (2020). The authors present the results of an ensemble forecast made from a suite of species distribution models (SDMs), where they attempt to predict the suitability of the climate for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 over the coming months. They argue that climate is …

Ua94/6/1 My Story: Wku Women's Basketball's Sandra Skinner, Sandra Skinner

Student/Alumni Personal Papers

My Story is a series of first-person feature articles written by WKU student-athletes. The student-athletes will be telling their own stories in their own words. This article written by women’s basketball redshirt senior Sandra Skinner, whose final season was cut short because of the cancellation of the Conference USA Tournament earlier this month.

Temporal Trend Of Research Related To Gun Violence From 1981 To 2018 In The United States: A Bibliometric Analysis, Lung-Chang Chien, Maxim Gakh, Courtney Coughenour, Ro-Ting Lin

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Background: We aimed to evaluate the variation in gun violence-related research in the US over time to determine if there are meaningful changes in frequency of research at certain time points. Related publications were searched from the Web of Science. Methods: We searched articles from Web of Science to collect publication data of gun violence research in three disciplines (clinical sciences, life sciences, and social behavior sciences) from 1981 to 2018. The joinpoint regression approach was applied to evaluate the trend of publication ratio. We also adopted the generalized additive mixed model to compare the publication ratio among the three …

First Aid First: Implementation And Evaluation Of A Community-Based First Aid Training Course, Luke Wesemann

Medical Student Research Symposium

In 2018, medical students at Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSUSOM) created a first aid training initiative called First Aid First (FAF). FAF is a comprehensive community-based training program that teaches lifesaving skills tailored for Detroit. The objective of this initiative was to improve the confidence and basic first aid skills of those who attend trainings.

Pre- and post-test surveys were used to measure knowledge, confidence and skill level. The survey data gathered from March 2018-October 2019 consisted of 5 Likert scale questions for self-evaluation component and 23-25 multiple choice questions, number depending on time of administration due to …

The Use Of Urine Drug Testing For Risk Stratification And Efficacious Drug Monitoring In Pain Management Settings, Ahmad I. Hasan, Kareem Elhage, Brendan Farley, Khaled J. Saleh

Medical Student Research Symposium

Objective: To understand the current landscape of urine drug testing (UDT) guidelines as part of risk assessment for opioid abuse, and to offer recommendations towards adopting universal screening guidelines.

Background: There has been an opioid epidemic within the United States, and the role of prescription opioids has been well established. Despite proposed recommendations, there has yet to be a published universal screening guideline on the use of UDT in the setting of opioid abuse risk stratification as well as postoperative drug monitoring.

Methods: We explored current guidelines for UDT on two levels. First, we explore general indications for UDT within …

Sleeping Time Is Associated With Functional Limitations In A National Sample Of Older Americans, Brenda M. Vincent, Nathaniel Johnson, Grant R. Tomkinson, Ryan Mcgrath, Brian C. Clark, Bong-Jin Choi

Education, Health & Behavior Studies Faculty Publications

Background: Engaging in healthy behaviors may help to preserve function during aging; however, it is not well understood how sleeping time is associated with functional capacity in older adults.

Aims: We sought to determine the association of sleeping time on functional limitation in a national sample of older Americans.

Methods: The analytical sample included 6,020 adults aged at least 65 years who participated in the 2007-2016 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Respondents indicated their hours of sleep/week night and were categorized as <5, 5-6.5, 7-8, 8.5-9, and >9 hours of sleep/week night. Ability to complete 19 functional tasks …

Louisville Coronavirus Surveillance Program, Julio A. Ramirez, Kenneth E. Palmer, Ruth Carrico, Forest W. Arnold, Donghoon Chung, Leslie A Wolf

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

An important feature of COVID-19, the disease produced by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is the high number of health care workers (HCWs) that acquire the disease. In an initial report of 138 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia in China, 40 patients (29%) were HCWs. One reason why HCWs are at higher risk of acquiring COVID-19 is that some patients with COVID-19 are admitted to the hospital without the classical presentation and are therefore not tested for the disease early during hospitalization. Presently in the US, it is recommended to test for COVID-19 when physicians suspect the disease. This subjective approach …

Cardiac Biomarkers And Subsequent Risk Of Hospitalization With Bleeding In The Community: Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study, Lena Mathews, Junichi Ishigami, Ning Ding, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Anna Kucharska-Newton, Christie M. Ballantyne, Rebecca Gottesman, Elizabeth Selvin, Kunihiro Matsushita

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background

hs-cTnT (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T), but not NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B natriuretic peptide), has been shown to predict bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation. Whether these biomarkers are independently associated with bleeding in the general population is unknown.

Methods and Results

We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association of hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP with incident bleeding (defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD‐9] codes) among 9550 middle‐aged men and women without a history of cardiovascular disease or bleeding. There were 847 hospitalizations with bleeding (92% from gastrointestinal bleeding) during a median follow‐up of …

Arjun Kukreja - Covid-19 Journal, Arjun Kukreja

Personal Journals

EIU History of Illinois (HIS 3810) student outlines personal impressions of the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Keberadaan Jentik Aedes Aegypti Dan Aedes Albopictus Berdasarkan Karakteristik Kontainer Di Sekolah Dasar, Keluharan Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur, Tahun 2018, Bobby Ilham Ramadhan, Umar Fahmi Achmadi

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. Kelurahan Duren Sawit is the highest kelurahan found cases of PE (+) and death cases of DHF in Primary school-aged children in Kecamatan Duren Sawit. This study aimed to see larva Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus based on container chracteristics include types, materials, volume, water condition and color in SD, Kelurahan Duren Sawit. Based on the identified container characteristics, then we can know the potential level of longing for the presence of larva Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Method. This study uses primary data by looking all containers in Kelurahan Duren Sawit Primary School. The design study was cross-sectional, …

Gambaran Higiene Sanitasi Makanan Dan Penerapan Prinsip Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (Haccp) Di Unit Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit X Tahun 2018, Putri Chaerina Septiani, Ririn Arminsih Wulandari

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

This study is a descriptive research to know the overview of implementation food hygiene sanitation in Nutrition Installation Unit of Hospital X, year 2018 that used observation, interview, and laboratory analysis as methods of collecting data. The results obtained from this research are known that sanitation hygiene in the hospital nutrition unit X is quite qualified according to the checklist referring to Permenkes 1096 Year 2011. However, there are several aspects to be improved such as sanitation facilities, building, and cooking utensils storage. Based on bacteriological result on food samples, hand swab of food handlers, and cutlery in hospital X …

Dampak Pajanan Particulate Matter 2,5 (Pm2,5) Terhadap Gejala Penyakit Paru Obstruktif (Ppok) Kronis Eksaserbasi Akut Pada Pekerja Di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok, 2018, Ashila Diza Rahmadini, Budi Haryanto

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. According to studies, one of the places with highest activity that caused the release of this emission in in ports. Port activities such as delivering goods to and from the port caused high amount of PM2,5 to be released to the air and it can affect field worker, one of them is Acute Exacerbation Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or AECOPD. Methods. The study used observational design study with cross-sectional approach to 75 field workers whom had worked more than 1 year. Results. The results of this study indicate that PM2.5 exposure at the port has exceeded WHO levels of …

Kejadian Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (Ppok) Pada Pengendara Ojek Online Di Kota Bogor Dan Kota Depok Tahun 2018 (Studi Kasus Pencemaran Udara), Muhammad Aziz Hakim Ramadhan, Budi Hartono

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. Taxibike online drivers are the population at risk of lung function impairment caused by exposure of traffic-air pollutions, particularly PM2,5. This study aims to know the incidences of COPD, and its relationship with working hours behaviour, the use of PPE, the loacation of work, nutritional status and the degree of smoking among taxiboke online drivers in Bogor and Depok City . Methods. This study used primary and secondary data with the number of research subjects as many as 100 taxibike online drivers. The design study in this research was cross sectional. Data were analyzed bivariately with chi-square test and …

Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Pajanan Inhalasi Debu Particulate Matter 2.5 Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama Di Kota Depok Tahun 2018, Amiati Silitonga, Bambang Wispriyono

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Particulate Matter2.5 is becoming international concern due to its unique nature. With a size less than 25 microns, these pollutants can penetrate deep to the alveoli. Consisting of a variety of materials and capable of plastering by toxic chemical pollutants, the toxicity of PM2.5 cannot yet be determined with certainty. One of the important sources of PM2.5 is the road traffic. Populations close to the source of exposure will have potential hazards, one place with a densely populated such as school. Schools close to the highway may be the site of exposure to students with PM2.5. Students are vulnerable group …

Analisis Kadar Kadmium Dan Beberapa Parameter Kunci Pada Air Lindi Di Tempat Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu (Tpst) Bantar Gebang Tahun 2018, Inas Fadhilah, Laila Fitria

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. Waste which accumulates in landfills can lead to contamination of the environment and risk to the health of the local population. One cause of contamination is leachate. Integrated Waste Treatment Plant (TPST) Bantar Gebang treated leachate water in Waste Water Management Site (IPAS). Method. This research was conducted to know leachate water treatment efficiency and to know cadmium content and some key parameters. This study was conducted by sampling on inlet, outlet and surface water on different days. This study also added measurement data conducted by Bantar Gebang. The results were analyzed and compared to the regulatory standards in …

Perilaku Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat (Phbs) Dengan Kejadian Gangguan Pernapasan Pada Balita Di Kawasan Pesisir Desa Sedari, Kecamatan Cibuaya, Karawang, Jawa Barat Tahun 2018, Nadhilah Zhafirah, Dewi Susanna

Jurnal Nasional Kesehatan Lingkungan Global

Background. Hygiene issues are one of the most difficult issues to solve in Desa Sedari, especially sanitation on households. Poor home sanitation is a reflection of how Healthy and Clean Living on Household (PHBS) implementation on their life. If the quality of sanitation is poor, then it will affect and increase the risk of disease transmission, one of which is respiratory distress especially in toddlers. Methods. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design with proportionate stratified random sampling with 90 samples to take on 6 hamlets. Results. The results of this study conclude that 5 indicators of Healthy and …

Effects Of Diabetes On The Output Of Farmer And Its Policy Implications, Syed Asif Ali Naqvi, Bilal Hussain, Syed Ale Raza Shah, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum

Kesmas

This study investigated the impact of diabetes on work performance of different farming communities from Punjab, Pakistan. This study was based on cross-sectional data. A representative sample of 374 farmers was collected from five selected districts. Three types of respondents were analyzed in the study e.g.,laborer, small and large growers. Poisson and logistic regression techniques were used for the sake of analysis. According to the investigated results for thelabor category, respondents with more age, less qualification, low earning per month (Rupees), and having positive record of family diabetes, would havemore leave per month. In the same way, findings for small …

Qualitative Exploration Of Experiences And Consequences Of Health-Related Stigma Among Indonesians With Hiv, Leprosy, Schizophrenia And Diabetes, Sarju Sing Rai, Irwanto Irwanto, Ruth M.H. Peters, Elena V. Syurina, Annisa Ika Putri, Altana Mikhakhanova, Denise Naniche, Marjolein B.M. Zweekhorst

Kesmas

Health-related stigma causes a negative impact on the lives of affected people and undermines the effectiveness of public health programs. This study aimedto explore experiences and consequences of stigma among people affected by four health conditions relevant in Indonesia– HIV (Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus), leprosy, schizophrenia and diabetes. In this qualitative study 40 people affected by the four health conditions in Jakarta and West Java, Indonesia–,were interviewed between March and June 2018. Data were analyzed thematically by following an integrative inductive-deductive approach. The experiencesand consequences of people with stigma were similar, but such experience were more severe among people affected by HIV, …

Health Risk Behaviors: Smoking, Alcohol, Drugs, And Dating Among Youths In Rural Central Java, Zahroh Shaluhiyah, Syamsulhuda Budi Musthofa, Ratih Indraswari, Aditya Kusumawati

Kesmas

Adolescents are more likely to adopt risky health behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol use, and sexual activity. This study examined the links betweensmoking, alcohol use, and risky dating behavior and analyzed how these factors influenced risky dating and other behaviors. It is expected that this studywould be used as a foundation for developing appropriate integrated intervention for multiple risk behaviors among youths. This study was an explanatory research study with a cross-sectional approach. It involved 160 youths aged 15-24 years randomly selected from purposive villages. Participants completedself-administrated questionnaires with an enumerator present. Data were analyzed using univariate, chi-square, and multiple …

Evaluation Of Program For Overcoming Intestinal Worm Infections Among Children, Henny Febriyanti, Haerawati Idris

Kesmas

Prevalence of intestinal worm infection in generall is extremely high in Indonesia among the poor population with poor sanitation. One of the government programs to address this problem is the distribution of medicines to prevent intestinal worm infections. However, the coverage of the achievement for this program is still low in several areas of public health centers in Palembang. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the national program for preventing intestinal worm infections. The qualitative research design used evaluation model approach Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model. This study was conducted in one of health …

Entomological Index And Home Environment Contribution­ ­To Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever In Mataram City, Indonesia, Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, Nur Alvira Pascawati, Tri Wibawa, Roger Frutos, Sylvie Maguin, I Kadek Mulyawan, Ali Wardana

Kesmas

Indonesia is a member of Southeast Asia Regional Office (SEARO) ranked the first in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) problem based on incidence rate (IR) and case fatality rate (CFR). Several provinces in Indonesia experience an outbreak, one of which is the Mataram City in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Mataram City is an endemic area of DHF because the DHF cases are always found in three consecutive years with the number of cases that fluctuate and tend to increase. This study aimed to obtain factors that could be used to improve early warning systems in controlling DHF. This study used a …

Utilization Of Family Planning Contraceptives Among Women Inthe Coastal Area Of South Buru District, Maluku, 2017, Christiana Rialine Titaley, Ninik Sallatalohy

Kesmas

Maluku Province is one among provinces in Indonesia with a contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) lower than the national average. This study aimed toexamine factors associated with the utilization of family planning contraceptives among women of reproductive age living in the coastal area of South BuruDistrict, Maluku, Indonesia. Data were derived from a household health survey conducted in five subdistricts in South Buru, e.g., Namrole, Leksula, Waesama,Kapala Madan and Ambalau Subdistricts on November 2017 by the Faculty of Medicine, Pattimura University in Ambon. Information on contraceptive usewere collected from 390 married women aged 20 - 49 years. Bivariate and multivariate logistic …

Determinants Of Stunted Children In Indonesia: A Multilevel Analysis At The Individual, Household, And Community Levels, Febri Wicaksono, Titik Harsanti

Kesmas

This study aimed to examine the risk factors of childhood undernutrition in Indonesia. Determinants of childhood stunting were examined by using the 2013 Indonesia Basic Health Research Survey dataset. A total of 76,165 children aged under 5 years were included in this study. The analysis used multivariate multilevel logistic regression to determine adjusted odds ratios (aORs). The prevalence of stunting in the sample population was 36.7%. The odds of stunting increased significantly among the under-five boys, children living in slum area, and the increase of household member (aOR = 1.11, 95 %CI: 1.06–1.15; 1.09, 95%CI: 1.04–1.15; and 1.03, 95%CI: 1.02–1.04 …