Public Health Commons^™

Pericallosal Lipoma Unveiled: A Rare Case Of Incidental Discovery And Its Clinical Implications, Deepak Benny Dr, Sachin P. Shetty Dr, Kavitha B. C Dr, Sinchana N Dr

Radiology Teaching Files

This case report delves into the incidental finding of a pericallosal lipoma during routine neuroimaging conducted for non-specific neurological symptoms. It provides a detailed examination of the lipoma's radiological features, outlines the clinical significance of such findings, and discusses the management approach adopted, including considerations for surgical intervention versus conservative monitoring. The report further explores the implications of incidental pericallosal lipomas on patient outcomes, emphasizing the need for awareness among clinicians about this rare condition and the importance of individualized patient care strategies in the context of such incidental neuroimaging discoveries.

Emerging Mania In Young Adulthood: A Case Report Of Idiopathic Fahr's Syndrome Unveiling Neuropsychiatric Dimensions, Deepak Benny Dr, Shwetha R. Poojary Dr, Kavya B. T Dr, Sudha Kiran Das Dr.

Radiology Teaching Files

This case report outlines the diagnosis and management of an 18-year-old male presenting with first episode mania, attributed to idiopathic Fahr's Syndrome. Despite having no significant past medical or psychiatric history, the patient exhibited classic manic symptoms alongside grandiose delusions. Notably, CT imaging revealed brain calcifications characteristic of Fahr's Syndrome, absent metabolic disturbances commonly associated with the disorder. This case underscores the clinical complexity of Fahr's Syndrome, illustrating its potential to manifest primarily with psychiatric symptoms and the importance of integrating neuroimaging in the psychiatric evaluation to uncover underlying neurological disorders.

Pulmonary Infarction, Manu Chaudhary Dr, Sachin P. Shetty Dr, Sinchana N Dr

Radiology Teaching Files

68 years old female presented with breathlessness and chest pain to EMD, on clinical examination her saturation was low and D-Dimer levels were significantly elevated raising the possibility of pulmonary thromboembolism. Further the patient was referred for chest radiograph and CT thorax with contrast for better evaluation and was diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism with pulmonary infarct. The patient was treated for the same.

Examining The Effects Of Manualized Suicide Intervention Training On Clinical Psychology Doctoral Trainees: A Quasi-Experimental Trial, Alexander Dorfman M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Although most clinical psychology doctoral trainees encounter at least one suicidal client over the course of their training (Dexter-Mazza & Freeman, 2003), there is notable variability in the degree of formal suicide risk assessment and intervention training offered across clinical psychology doctoral programs (Monahan & Karver, 2021). Most suicide-related training involves passive (e.g., lectures) rather than active (e.g., role-plays, experiential exercises) training techniques, despite evidence for the effectiveness of the latter in improving clinicians’ skills (Gryglewicz et al., 2020). The Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a manualized, evidence-based training incorporating didactics and role-plays (LivingWorks, 2013; Rodgers, 2010). The …

Dengueseq: A Pan-Serotype Whole Genome Amplicon Sequencing Protocol For Dengue Virus, Chantal B. F. Vogels, Verity Hill, Mallery I. Breban, Chrispin Chaguza, Lauren M. Paul, Afeez Sodeinde, Emma Taylor-Salmon, Isabel M. Ott, Mary E. Petrone, Dennis Dijk, Marcel Jonges, Matthijs R. A. Welkers, Timothy Locksmith, Yibo Dong, Namratha Tarigopula, Omer Tekin, Sarah Schmedes, Sylvia Bunch, Natalia Cano, Rayah Jaber, Charles Panzera, Ian Stryker, Julieta Vergara, Rebecca Zimler, Edgar Kopp, Lea Heberlein, Kaylee Herzog, Joseph R. Fauver, Andrea M. Morrison, Scott F. Michael, Nathan D. Grubaugh

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: The increasing burden of dengue virus on public health due to more explosive and frequent outbreaks highlights the need for improved surveillance and control. Genomic surveillance of dengue virus not only provides important insights into the emergence and spread of genetically diverse serotypes and genotypes, but it is also critical to monitor the effectiveness of newly implemented control strategies. Here, we present DengueSeq, an amplicon sequencing protocol, which enables whole-genome sequencing of all four dengue virus serotypes.

RESULTS: We developed primer schemes for the four dengue virus serotypes, which can be combined into a pan-serotype approach. We validated both …

Impact Of Education As A Social Determinant On The Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Korean Adults, Mi-Joon Lee, Bum-Jeun Seo, Yeon-Sook Kim

Health Science and Human Ecology Faculty Publications

Education is correlated with health literacy, which is a combination of reading and listening skills, data analysis, and decision-making during the necessary health situations. This study aims to evaluate the effect of education on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is a population-based cross-sectional study using the 2019 nationwide survey data in Korea. There were 3951 study subjects, after excluding participants with missing data for key exposures and outcome variables. Descriptive statistics, χ2 (chi-square) test, and logistic regression were performed to analyze the data. The prevalence of T2DM was associated with educational attainment, sex, age, smoking status, …

An Uncommon Culprit In Sma Syndrome: Navigating Through Duodenal Adenocarcinoma-Induced Obstruction, Deepak Benny Dr, Vikram Patil, Shrisagar R A

Radiology Teaching Files

Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) Syndrome is an infrequent vascular compression disorder, characterized predominantly by the extrinsic obstruction of the third part of the duodenum by the SMA, leading to a spectrum of gastrointestinal symptoms. While most commonly associated with rapid weight loss and anatomical variations, its occurrence in the context of adjacent malignancies remains exceedingly rare and clinically significant.

Here I detail a compelling case of a 49-year-old male, initially presenting with nonspecific symptoms of intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting. The diagnostic journey, propelled by computed tomography (CT) and subsequent investigations, unveiled an underlying duodenal adenocarcinoma exerting extrinsic pressure, precipitating …

The Influence Of Cultural Factors On Health-Seeking Behaviors Regarding Prostate Cancer Among African Immigrant Men In The United States., Kaitlin Van Voorhis, Ernest Kaninjing, Rae Walker, M E. Ogunsanya, G Asiedu, A Kokayi, M E. Young, F T. Odedina

Graduate Research Showcase

Background: African immigrants represent a rapidly growing segment of the United States immigrant population reshaping the rich diversity of US Blacks. Despite this growth, there is a dearth of research examining the impact of immigration on this subpopulation, particularly regarding chronic diseases like cancer. Little is published about whether SSAIs adapt to health behaviors more common in their new setting or remain immersed in the values, beliefs, and practices reflective of their culture of origin. To better understand drivers of health disparities in prostate cancer outcomes among Blacks, this study explored cultural factors among SSAIs to illuminate the health …

The Impact Of Permit Concealed Carry And Social Factors On Firearm Fatalities, Witty Kwok, Jacob Weaver

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

A tragic amount of gun fatalities occur in today's world. These fatalities can be from acts of aggression, negligence, or accidental, but nonetheless are taking lives at an alarming rate. There has been a call to action to make changes and begin combating these issues, with the most commonly proposed solution being firearm regulation. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of firearm legislation, specifically of concealed carry regulations, on controlling firearm fatalities while also attempting to identify underlying causes or predictors of firearm fatalities. In an attempt to simplify the many regulations implemented differently between states, this study looked …

A Study Into Exercise And Obesity On Diabetes In Ohio, Colorado, And Mississippi, Grace Li, Wafiq Choudhury

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Type 2 diabetes has become an epidemic in the US adult population, with its prevalence increasing every year. The disease is associated with physical inactivity and obesity. Like other lifestyle diseases, type 2 diabetes is preventable and manageable. Previous studies have shown that exercise plays an important role in diabetes treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate relationships among obesity rate, access to exercise opportunities, and diabetes prevalence in Ohio, Colorado, and Mississippi by analyzing County Health Rankings data of the three states from 2016 and 2022. Our results showed associations among obesity rate, access to exercise opportunities, and …

Factors Affecting Health Outcomes In Ohio’S Most Populated Rural And Urban Counties, Isaac Stokes, Omar Sarhan

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Background: Citizens of Ohio live in a diverse range of settings, such as urban, metropolitan, and rural counties. Populations living in urban settings may live longer and have more access to healthcare providers (Primary Care and Mental Health). Due to the improved access of care, populations in the urban settings may have less hospital visits and overall, better health compared to rural counties within Ohio. Objective: The objective of this investigation was to examine the urban and rural counties in the state for differences in years of potential life lost, primary care physician ratio, preventable hospitalization stays, and mental health …

Analyzing The Correlation Between Water Violations And Hospitalization Rates, Rebekah Dalton, Jed Speers

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Unsafe water due to violations in water safety can result in illness and ultimately hospitalization. However, there is little data that analyzes regional rates of water violations and their correlation to hospitalization rates. This research aims to analyze the correlation between water violations and hospitalization rates between the Midwest, East and West Coasts, and between Ohio counties that use the Lake Erie water basin and those that use the Ohio River water basin. Methods include the use of data from County Health Rankings and the following statistical tests: paired and unpaired T-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation test. Results showed that …

Practice Patterns And Medical Provider Perceptions Of Ketamine In The Treatment Of Psychiatric Disorders: A Nationwide Survey, Amna M. Aslam

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) significantly impacts society, with a prevalence of 8.4% in the U.S., highlighting the need for effective treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Ketamine, while not FDA-approved for TRD, shows promise in treating mental health disorders and is used in specialized clinics, though evidence of effectiveness is scarce. Objectives: This study investigates the use of off-label ketamine for TRD and other disorders, focusing on ketamine clinic operations where the drug is administered, treatment methods, patient characteristics, and ketamine's impact on psychiatric care, from providers' perspectives. Methods: The survey was distributed to over 1,000 ketamine providers across the …

Incorporation Of Nutrition Education With Medication Injection To Sustain Weight Loss, Julia Calvelo

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background: Obesity is a widespread occurrence linked to comorbidities. Weight loss and maintenance is crucial to sustain existing health conditions and reduce risk of chronic diseases.

Lack of maintained weight loss is associated with poor education on nutrition, diet, and physical activity literacy. Objective: The purpose of this quantitative experimental study is to determine the efficacy of nutrition education among medication injection to sustain weight loss throughout treatment. It aims to promote comprehension of the aspects of nutrition, dietary habits, and physical education to not only sustain weight loss, but to understand the significance of how these elements contribute to …

Driving Key Partner Engagement By Integrating Community-Engaged Principles Into A Stakeholder Analysis: A Qualitative Study, Casey E. Allen, Emily L. Frankel, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway, Heidi Keeler, David Palm, Brooke Fitzpatrick, Paul Estabrooks, Keyonna King

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Introduction: The stakeholder analysis approach has historically been top-down rather than collaborative with key partners. However, this approach poses challenges for key partner engagement and community-engaged research, which aims to incorporate key partners throughout the project. This study, conducted by the Community Engagement Network (CEN) at a Midwest academic medical center, seeks to examine the value of community-engaged research for diverse key partners to increase collaboration, strengthen partnerships, and enhance impact, which will ultimately drive key partner engagement.

Methods: The study involved semi-structured interviews with 38 key partners from diverse groups, including community members, community organizations, Practice-Based Research Network (PBRN) …

The Association Between Early Exposure To Antibiotics And Childhood Asthma Incidence, Victoria Fischer

Soaring: A Journal of Undergraduate Research

This review examines the association between early exposure to antibiotics and the incidence of asthma in childhood, highlighting significant public health concerns related to antibiotic overuse. The misuse of antibiotics not only contributes to antibiotic resistance but may also impact long-term health outcomes, particularly respiratory diseases like asthma. Emerging evidence suggests that early antibiotic exposure may disrupt gut microbiota, altering immune responses and increasing the risk of asthma development. A systematic review of twenty-seven studies identified a significant correlation between antibiotic use in infancy and subsequent asthma diagnoses. However, there remains a need for further research to delineate the extent …

Public Health For Dummies, Snigdha Sahai, Devaki C. Yellappa

Books

Public Health for Dummies is a guide that aims to demystify the world of public health with a touch of humor, a splash of raw honesty, and a generous dose of practical insights. This book is not just a roadmap for aspiring public health professionals; it’s a celebration of the diverse ways in which public health impacts our daily lives, whether we realize it or not. Public health often gets overshadowed by the glamorous fields of clinical medicine or high-tech health innovations. But behind the scenes, it is the unsung hero that ensures clean drinking water, advocates for vaccination campaigns, …

Research Action Brief: Healthcare Experiences And Perceptions As Drivers Of Gaps In Mammography, Core (Center For Outcomes Research & Education)

Reports

No abstract provided.

Health Systems Partnership For Collaborative Anti-Racist Perinatal Care: A Case Study Of Black Community Based Perinatal Care, Roberta Hunte, Monique Gill, Kevin Cherry, Desha Reed-Holden

Reports

No abstract provided.

Organic Dust Exposure Enhances Sars-Cov-2 Entry In A Pkcα- And Adam-17-Dependent Manner, Abenaya Muralidharan, Christopher Bauer, Claire Nissen, St. Patrick Reid, Jill A. Poole, Todd A. Wyatt

Journal Articles: Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health

No abstract provided.

A 2‑Year Longitudinal Randomized Control Trial Of Speed Of Processing Cognitive Training In Aging Adults With Hiv‑Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Results Of The Think Fast Study, David E. Vance, Pariya L. Fazeli, Andres Azuero, Jennifer S. Frank, Virginia G. Wadley, James L. Raper, Caitlin N. Pope, Karlene K. Ball

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Nearly 40% of people with HIV (PWH) experience HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). In this 3-group efficacy study, 216 PWH 40 + years with HAND or borderline HAND were randomized to either: (1) 10 h of SOP training (n = 70); (2) 20 h of SOP training (n = 73), or (3) 10 h of Internet navigation training (n = 73; contact control group). Participants were administered a measure of SOP [i.e., the Useful Field of View Test (UFOV®)] at baseline, at posttest immediately after training, and at year 1 and year 2 follow up. Intent-to-treat linear mixed-effect models with subject-specific …

Methodological Assessment Of A Review Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practice About Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination In India, Abraham Degarege, Purnima Madhivanan

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

A well-conducted review provides quality evidence to inform policy and practice. It is important that the review is as rigorous and as fully reported as possible if the evidence from the review is incorporated into clinical practice. We are writing in response to an article titled, ‘Evidence of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination at the Community Level in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’ by Pal et al published in Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention in March 2024. There are some major methodological flaws in the paper that might have biased the conclusions drawn from …

Investigating Fit Kit Completion For Crc Screening In Younger Adults In Rural Areas, Cheryl Beseler, Jungyoon Kim, Melissa Leypoldt, Roma Subramanian, Tamara Robinson, Karen Funkenbusch, Jason M. Foster, Susan Harris, Aaron Yoder, Emma Hymel, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Rural regions have higher incidence rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) than urban regions, while screening is lower in rural residents than in urban residents. Rural residents experience barriers to CRC screening due to a lack of access to healthcare, perceived lack of privacy, and other cultural factors. The fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) may provide an inexpensive and convenient alternative for those lacking access to a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. In a clinical trial, we investigated factors that influenced the return of a FIT kit for CRC screening among 1,230 rural residents in a midwestern U.S. state. Participants were selected from two …

Lipid Genetics In Pregnant Women: Maneuvering The Challenges Of Using Degraded Samples, Kylee Meece

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The results of this project will explore a novel approach to lipid metabolism in pregnant women by exploring the relationship between maternal gene expression of genes critical for fat metabolism, protein expression, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. The study will also examine gene expression in lean pregnant women compared to obese pregnant women, shedding light into the adverse pathology of obesity during pregnancy. These findings may uncover a mechanism related to gene-expression that connects unfavorable maternal fat metabolism to inflammation and/or insulin resistance, which may help to uncover future targets for interventions.

The analysis of lipid gene expression requires the …

Fusion, 2024, George Washington University, William H. Beaumont Medical Research Honor Society

Fusion

No abstract provided.

Exploration Of Associations Between Asthma And Depression In Older American Adults: A Pooled Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Medicare Recipients, Brian Ring

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Background

While unclear in older populations within the US, individuals with asthma are disproportionally affected by depression relative to those without asthma. This work explores the associations between asthma, depression, sociodemographic, and disease-related factors in a US population ≥ 65 years of age.

Methods

A pooled cross-sectional analysis of Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) data was utilized to determine the association between asthma and depression from 2018 to 2020. Depression was defined as a score of ≥ 10 from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Disease-related variables were recorded if the subject met Medicare claims criteria for the calendar year. Multivariable …

Addressing The Big Picture As A Community-Engaged Linguist: Community-Engaged Scholarship And Applied Learning For Systemic Change, Rachel E. Showstack

International Journal of the Linguistic Association of the Southwest

Through a narrative about the formation and advancement of Wichita State University’s community-based health equity initiative Alce su Voz (‘Speak Out’), this article presents a reflection on the author’s role as a community-engaged scholar and the multiple levels of work in which linguists can engage to support linguistic social justice. The paper begins with a discussion of the role of the applied linguist in social change and a discussion of community-engaged scholarship, including community-based learning and community-based research. Then, using Alce su Voz’s approach to improving health equity for speakers of Spanish and Indigenous languages as an example, the author …

Pediatric Vaccination Adherence: Enhancing Compliance Among First-Generation Asian American Parents, Katelyn Leong

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background: Vaccine adherence in the pediatric population refers to receiving vaccines as per the recommended schedule, which significantly reduces vaccine-preventable diseases and enhances community immunity. Vaccine hesitancy, driven by concerns such as safety, misinformation, or cultural beliefs can affect adherence. National coverage of state-mandated vaccines among kindergarteners declined from 95% to around 93% between 2019 and 2022, varying across different vaccines. Objective: This research proposal’s focus is to determine if an educational intervention targeting first-generation Asian Americans, who have adopted their immigrant parents' misinformation about vaccines, will effectively increase vaccination rates among their children. The study aims to assess the …

The Effects Of Adverse Childhood Experiences And Racism On The Risk For Poor Birth Outcomes In Women Of Color, Audrey Hermosura

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background: Adverse childhood experiences, or ACEs, are traumatic challenges experienced before the age of 18. These adversities have lifelong effects on physiologic and mental health. A relationship has been made between the number of ACEs and occurrences of poor birth outcomes. The toxic stress that accumulates from ACEs compounded by racism increases the risk for poor birth outcomes in women of color. Understanding the importance of screening for these events can mitigate the negative effects on women’s health during and after gestation. Purpose: This current paper, in addition to a literature review, proposes a research design to validate the feasibility …

Geographic And Temporal Trends In Pediatric And Young Adult Brain Tumors In Kentucky, 1995–2019, W. Jay Christian, C. J. Walker, Jaclyn K. Mcdowell, B. Huang, T. C. Tucker, John L. Villano, Eric B. Durbin

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Introduction: Pediatric and young adult brain tumors (PYBT) account for a large share of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among children in the United States, but their etiology is not well understood. Previous research suggests the Appalachian region of Kentucky has high rates of PYBT. This study explored PYBT incidence over 25 years in Kentucky to identify geographic and temporal trends and generate hypotheses for future research. Methods: The Kentucky Cancer Registry contributed data on all PYBT diagnosed among those aged 0–29 during years 1995–2019. Age- and sex-adjusted spatio-temporal scan statistics—one for each type of PYBT, and one for all types—comprised …