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Future Trends In Contraception In The Developing World: Prevalence And Method Mix, John Bongaarts, Elof D.B. Johansson

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The main objectives of this study are to review existing methodologies for projecting future trends in contraception, evaluate the validity of the assumptions underlying these projections, propose methodological improvements, and assess the prospects for new methods of contraception in the coming decade. The prevalence of contraception in the developing world has increased dramatically over the past several decades from near zero to around 60 percent in 2000. Demand for contraception can be expected to continue to rise rapidly for the next few decades as population size continues to grow and fertility declines further to near the replacement level. As a …

Some Preconditions For Fertility Decline In Bengal: History, Language Identity, And An Openness To Innovations, Alaka Malwade Basu, Sajeda Amin

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper argues that looking solely for the immediate causes of reproductive change may fail to take into account not only the impact of policies and programs but the societal decision to adopt these policies and programs to begin with. The paper examines the historical origins and spread of ‘modern’ ideas in Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal in India. It concludes that a colonial history in which education and modernization processes took hold very early among the elite in the larger Bengal region was paradoxically accompanied by a strong allegiance to the Bengali language. This strong sense of …

Adolescent Girls' Livelihoods. Essential Questions, Essential Tools: A Report On A Workshop [Arabic], Carey Meyers

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This report, co-published by the Population Council and the International Center for Research on Women, describes a workshop convened in Cairo in 1999 to learn more about the nature of both younger and older adolescents' work experience, differentiate the particular needs and potentials of adolescent girls, and identify programs and policies that might have promise for supporting them.

Slippery When Wet: The Effects Of Local Alcohol Access Laws On Highway Safety, Reagan Anne Baughman, Michael Edward Conlin, Stacy Dickert-Conlin, John V. Pepper

Center for Policy Research

This paper examines 237 instances of policy changes related to alcohol sales and consumption enacted in Texas communities between 1975 and 1996 to determine their effect on the incidence of alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents. These policies are categorized by location where the alcohol is consumed after sale (on the premises or off) and the type of alcohol available for consumption (beer and wine or hard liquor). After controlling for both county and year fixed effects, we find evidence that (i) the sale of alcohol for consumption on the premises (in bars and restaurants) is associated with a sizeable increase in …

A Participatory Evaluation Of The Life-Skills Training Programme In Myanmar, Unicef, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

In 1993 UNICEF/Myanmar launched an innovative project aimed at preventing the further spread of HIV/AIDS through the promotion of reproductive health. One of the activities undertaken was life-skills training for women and youth, conducted in collaboration with the Myanmar Red Cross Society (MRCS) and the Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association (MMCWA). The objective of the training activities was to encourage and promote informed decision-making and care-seeking behavior among youth and women. The training aims to provide detailed and accurate information concerning sexuality, birth spacing, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV/AIDS, and to provide skills for youth and women to enable …

Are Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia And Binge Eating Genetically Caused?, Lurlena A. Burnett

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

No abstract provided.

Une Banque De Solutions : Un Outil Pour Les Bâtisseurs, Michèle Gervais, Denise Chicoine, Denise Granger

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Le concept de banque de solutions a pris son essor dans les années 1980. Les banques sont considérées comme d'excellents véhicules pour la diffusion de l'information en matière de prévention. Elles répertorient des solutions qui ont été implantées avec succès dans des entreprises afin que ces expériences puissent servir à d'autres industries. Néanmoins, une enquête récente sur les banques existantes révèle que certaines banques n'ont pas connu la croissance escomptée et elles ont été délaissées par leur clientèle. Dans le but de contrer ce phénomène, une analyse des conditions nécessaires au bon fonctionnement des banques, issue de la littérature, met …

Analyse Comparative Des Principales Méthodes D'Évaluation Des Risques De Maux De Dos Et Préparation D'Une Grille D'Identification Des Facteurs De Risques, Robert Gilbert, Daniel Leblanc, Sylvie Nadeau

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L'objectif premier de cette recherche est de revoir, de façon critique et rigoureuse, la problématique des maux de dos et ses fondements. Pour ce faire, nous avons d'abord construit une grille d'analyse s'appuyant sur:

Il est évident que la cause immédiate (au sens des arbres de défaillances) des lésions au dos est l'effort, en principe répété ou non. C'est en ce sens que nous avons analysé les divers mécanismes lésionnels concernant les diverses structures du dos.

De ces analyses, la question fondamentale qui …

Adjustment Of Permissible Exposure Values To Unusual Work Schedules, Jules Brodeur, Adolf Vyskocil, Robert Tardif, Guy Perrault, Daniel Drolet, Ginette Truchon, François Lemay

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cliquez ici pour la version française de ce rapport

Élaboration D'Une Stratégie D'Échantillonnage Et D'Analyse Pour Les Principaux Procédés Produisant Ou Utilisant Des Dérivés Du Chrome Hexavalent, Notamment Les Chromates, Au Québec, Pierre Larivière, Claude Ostiguy, Guy Perrault, Marc-André Lavoie

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce travail vise à proposer différentes stratégies d’échantillonnage pour les principaux procédés produisant et utilisant des chromates au Québec. Elle vise de plus à classifier les différents produits du chrome hexavalent en fonction de leur solubilité ou de leur insolubilité afin de faciliter l’application du règlement.

Évaluation De La Concentration De Fibres D'Amiante Émises Dans L'Air Ambiant De Bâtiments Scolaires, Chantal Dion, Guy Perrault

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Une démarche préventive a été initiée dans les écoles, en mars 1998, par le ministère de l'Éducation du Québec (MEQ) et le ministère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux (MSSS), afin d'évaluer les possibilités d'exposition à l'amiante. Un critère de gestion de 0, 01 fé¹/mL a été retenu par le MSSS pour identifier des sources possibles d'émission de fibres dans l'air des édifices publics.

L'objectif de la présente étude était de prélever un nombre significatif d'échantillons dans des locaux des bâtiments scolaires dont les matériaux floqués étaient très dégradés et d'évaluer les concentrations de fibres d'amiante dans …

Équipes Semi-Autonomes De Travail : Description Et Préoccupations De 12 Entreprises Manufacturières Québécoises, Mario Roy, Jean-Charles Guindon, Clotilde Pelletier

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L'organisation du travail en équipes semi-autonomes (ESA) vient bouleverser la répartition du pouvoir décisionnel au sein des entreprises. En plus de réaliser le travail, les membres des ESA assument des responsabilités qui sont dévolues aux contremaîtres ou superviseurs de premier niveau dans les organisations traditionnelles. Ce changement de rôle fait en sorte que les ESA deviennent un nouvel acteur dans la gestion de la santé et de la sécurité du travail des établissements. L'arrivée de ce nouvel acteur implique une répartition des responsabilités qui reste à être inventée dans les milieux visés puisque le rôle des ESA n'a évidemment pas …

Innovations Organisationnelles Et Sécurité Du Travail Dans Le Secteur Du Textile, Normand Laplante

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Plusieurs entreprises implantent des innovations diverses dans le but de maintenir ou d'accroître leur compétitivité et d'améliorer la qualité de leur production. Dans cette recherche, nous étudions plus particulièrement les stratégies d'implantation de changements organisationnels au sein de sept entreprises du secteur du textile et les impacts sur la sécurité des travailleurs. Ce rapport présente les relations entre le mode de gestion de la santé et sécurité du travail, son intégration au changement organisationnel et les performances des entreprises au chapitre de la santé et sécurité du travail. Ces performances sont évaluées à partir des statistiques de lésions professionnelles, des …

Les Accidents De Travail En Forêt : Analyse De Scénarios D'Accidents Survenus Entre Le 1er Juin 1997 Et Le 31 Mai 1998 : Résumé, François Hébert, Esther Cloutier, Michèle Gervais, Denise Granger, Micheline Lévy, Paul Massicotte

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Élaboration D'Une Formation À L'Affilage Des Couteaux Dans Six Usines D'Abattage Et De Transformation Du Porc : Une Étude Ergonomique, Nicole Vézina, Johane Prévost, Alain P. Lajoie

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Dans les usines d'abattage et de transformation du porc, l'utilisation du couteau est intensive et son entretien par un bon affilage sur le fusil (lime) est nécessaire afin de maintenir pendant le travail, la qualité de coupe de la lame. Plusieurs études ont permis de constater que les travailleurs dans ce secteur d'emploi éprouvent des difficultés à maintenir leur couteau bien tranchant. Dans le contexte où la qualité de coupe de la lame conditionne les efforts du travailleur pour réaliser la découpe et où la fréquence des lésions musculo-squelettiques aux membres supérieurs dans ces usines est très élevée, un projet …

Les Accidents De Travail En Forêt : Analyse De Scénarios D'Accidents Survenus Entre Le 1Er Juin 1997 Et Le 31 Mai 1998, François Hébert, Esther Cloutier, Michèle Gervais, Denise Granger, Micheline Lévy, Paul Massicotte

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Components And Organizational Determinants Of Workplace Interventions Designed To Facilitate Early Return To Work, Raymond Baril, Diane Berthelette

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cliquez ici pour la version française de ce rapport

Les Composantes Et Les Déterminants Organisationnels Des Interventions De Maintien Du Lien D'Emploi En Entreprises, Raymond Baril, Diane Berthelette

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Click here for the English version of this report

Caractérisation De L'Environnement Vibratoire Dans Différentes Catégories De Véhicules : Industriels, Utilitaires Et De Transport Urbain, Paul-Émile Boileau, Subhash Rakheja

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Des classes spectrales représentant l'environnement vibratoire dans l'habitacle de quatre catégories de véhicules (autobus urbains, chenillettes de déneigement, chariots élévateurs à conduite assise, chariots élévateurs à station debout) sont définies pour caractériser les vibrations agissant dans les directions longitudinale (axe x), latérale (axe y), verticale (axe z), ainsi qu'en roulis et en tangage (θ). Ces classes spectrales sont représentées en exprimant l'amplitude de la densité spectrale de puissance (DSP) en fonction de la fréquence entre 0. 5 et 40 Hz. Une équation mathématique est développée pour exprimer cette relation pour des conditions moyenne et sévère; la première étant basée sur …

Clinical Waste Management In The Northern States Of Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah And Sarawak, Abdul Hai Akbar Ali

Student Works (2000-2009)

Clinical waste management and disposal methods are quite unique due to their infectious and harmful nature. Unlike municipal waste, clinical waste is pathogenic which jeopardizes the biotic community including human beings, if not quelled of its pathogenic effect.. However, shortcomings or drawbacks are still possible in areas of source separation. inappropriate containment and labeling. Improper incineration may also lead to incomplete combustion ultimately leading to air pollution. Though existing system of clinical waste disposal and management in Malaysia seem adequate, still efficient and cost effective mechanisms are needed. The focus of this research is to survey and study the administrative …

Pérou: Les Gestionnaires Doivent Régulièrement Veiller Á La Qualité Des Soins, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

No abstract provided.

Adolescent Girls' Livelihoods. Essential Questions, Essential Tools: A Report On A Workshop, Carey Meyers

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This report, co-published by the Population Council and the International Center for Research on Women, describes a workshop convened in Cairo in 1999 to learn more about the nature of both younger and older adolescents' work experience, differentiate the particular needs and potentials of adolescent girls, and identify programs and policies that might have promise for supporting them.

Alone You Are Nobody, Together We Float: The Manuela Ramos Movement, Judith Bruce, Debbie Rogow

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Quality/Calidad/Qualité, a publication of the Population Council, highlights examples of clinical and educational programs which bring a strong commitment, as well as innovative and thoughtful approaches, to the issue of quality care in sexual and reproductive health. The series is based on the philosophy that women and their partners have a fundamental right to respectful treatment, information, choice, and follow-up from reproductive health care providers. This issue discusses improving women’s health and well being through a range of empowerment strategies in rural Peru.

Managing Population-Environment Systems: Problems Of Institutional Design, Geoffrey Mcnicoll

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

In population–environment systems human activity is inherently part of the system rather than something to be minimized in order to maintain or restore “natural” environmental conditions. Issues arising in managing such systems are discussed in this paper. The system’s boundaries must be identified, defining its human participants and its ecological content. Procedures for monitoring demographic and environmental change in the system must be set up and consensus must be reached on how to evaluate that change.

Unmet Need For Family Planning In Developing Countries And Implications For Population Policy [Arabic], John B. Casterline, Steven W. Sinding

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Unmet need for family planning has been a core concept in international population discourse for several decades. In this paper we reevaluate its utility. We review the history of unmet need and the development of increasingly refined methods of its empirical measurement. We then turn to the main questions that have been raised about unmet need during the past decade, some of which concern the validity of the concept and others its role in the post-ICPD environment. The discussion draws heavily on empirical research conducted during the 1990s, much of it localized, in-depth studies combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies, that …

Greater Investments In Children Through Women's Empowerment: A Key To Demographic Change In Pakistan?, Valerie L. Durrant, Zeba Sathar

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Women’s status has received considerable attention as a significant factor in demographic behavior and outcomes in South Asia however, little research has addressed the links between women’s status and their investments in children. In this paper, we empirically investigate how women’s status on multiple levels is associated with demographic outcomes. Using data from the Pakistan Status of Women and Fertility Survey in rural Punjab, we confirm that empowered women, or those with higher status, are better able to make positive investments in their children, thus increasing their children’s chances of survival during infancy and increasing their likelihood of ever attending …

Adolescent Pregnancy And Parenthood In South Africa, Carol E. Kaufman, Thea De Wet, Jonathan Stadler

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

South Africa’s total fertility rate is estimated to be one of the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, less than 3.0 births per woman nationally and declining. At the same time, adolescent childbearing levels remain high more than 30 percent of 19-year-old girls are reported to have given birth at least once. Using evidence from focus groups conducted in urban and rural areas in South Africa with young black women and men, and with the parents of teenage mothers, we consider the experience of early parenthood. Specifically, the analysis explores four aspects of teenage childbearing as it relates to key transitions into …

Spatial Variation In Contraceptive Use In Bangladesh: Looking Beyond The Borders, Sajeda Amin, Alaka Malwade Basu, Rob Stephenson

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper tries to promote a more complete understanding of social change by analyzing spatial patterns of contraceptive use in Bangladesh and the contiguous state of West Bengal in India. The paper takes it’s cue from earlier analysis which found strong evidence of higher contraceptive prevalence in districts of Bangladesh that border Bengali speaking districts on India, as well as from analysis of fertility decline in historical Europe where language played a critical role. Using multilevel analysis to control for variations in individual and household level correlates, mapping districts that deviate considerably from their regional averages, the analysis highlights an …

Schooling Opportunities For Girls As A Stimulus For Fertility Change In Rural Pakistan, Zeba Sathar, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Cem Mete, Minhaj Ul Haque

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper tests Caldwell’s mass schooling hypothesis in the context of rural Pakistan. His hypothesis was that the onset of the fertility transition is closely linked to the achievement of “mass formal schooling” of boys and girls. Punjab and Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) were selected for this study because they appear to be on the leading edge of the demographic transition-a transition that has only recently begun-as suggested by rapid recent increases in contraceptive practice. The study covered a range of rural villages or communities with very different socioeconomic and schooling conditions in order to examine the effects of both …

Burkina Faso: Upgrading Postabortion Care Benefits Patients And Providers, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

At the request of the Family Health Directorate of the Ministry of Health in Burkina Faso, the Reproductive Health Research Network (CRESAR) conducted a study during 1996–98 to introduce emergency care for women with complications from miscarriage or unsafe abortion. With technical assistance from the Population Council and JHPIEGO, CRESAR trained staff at two large hospitals in Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso to provide postabortion care (PAC). Training for physicians, nurses, and midwives covered manual vacuum aspiration, family planning methods, infection prevention, and communication with patients. Staff also participated in the development of policies and standards for PAC services. To measure changes …