Public Health Commons^™

Preparing For The Future: An Evaluation Of Alternative Methods For Estimating The Needed Capacity Of Nursing Home Beds In Kentucky, Michelle D. Woods

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

Due to the aging of the generation known as “Baby Boomers”, the nation is expected to witness extraordinary growth in the total population ages 65 and over. Population projections provided by the United States Bureau of the Census suggest that this segment of the population will double in size to 72 million by the year 2030. In order to prepare for the anticipated increase elderly Americans, policy officials have been analyzing the potential effects on the nation’s long-term care system. Although Baby Boomers can expect to live longer than their predecessors, as they age, it is predicted that this generation …

Review Of Diabetes Among Indigenous Peoples, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs pre 2011

This review provides detailed information on the extent of diabetes, and its complications and comorbidities among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, including: incidence and prevalence data; hospitalisations; mortality and burden of disease. This review discusses the issues of prevention and management of diabetes, and provides information on relevant programs, services, policies and strategies that address the health issue of diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

This review concludes by discussing possible future directions for combatting the growing epidemic of diabetes in Australia.

The review focuses primarily on type 2 diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people …

Download The Pdf Of The Entire Issue: Pehc Vol. 1, Issue 2

Prescriptions for Excellence in Health Care Newsletter Supplement

No abstract provided.

Health Systems And Maternal Mortality, Neonatal Mortality And Child Health: Review Of Selected Service Delivery Models, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, Ubaidur Rob

Reproductive Health

Effective maternal and child health services at the community level in developing countries are rarely available. In many developing countries the health systems cannot provide quality maternal and child health care services due to lack of adequate human resources; shortages of equipment, drugs, and supplies; and absence of proper referral mechanisms. Strengthening health systems is central to improving maternal and child health. A variety of targeted interventions have been implemented in the health systems of developing countries. This study was conducted to identify the health service delivery models that have contributed to the reduction of maternal, infant, and child mortality …

Kenya: Begin Community Dialogue On Fgm/C By Discussing Cultural Justification, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

Female genital cutting is strongly supported among the Somali ethnic community in Kenya, and the severest form (infibulation) is primarily practiced. This type of cut is associated with increased incidence and seriousness of obstetric and gynecological problems relative to uncut women and those with less severe forms of FGM/C. As stated in this brief, efforts to encourage abandonment should begin with community discussion about the socio-cultural reasons for cutting. Simultaneously, health-care providers need training in how to manage complications of FGM/C. In 2004, FRONTIERS collaborated with UNICEF on a four-month diagnostic study on FGM/C practices among the Somali community in …

Senegal: Mainstreaming Adolescent Health: Building On Local Support Systems, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

In 1999, FRONTIERS began a three-year collaboration with the World Health Organization, the Center for Research and Training, the Population Training Group, and the Ministries of Health, Education, and Youth to test the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost of school-, clinic-, and community-based interventions to improve the reproductive health of youth aged 10–19. This adolescent reproductive health (ARH) study showed that the multisectoral, multidisciplinary approach increased knowledge about youth reproductive health among young people, the community, schools, and health-care providers. As noted in this brief, one of the guiding principles of the ARH study was to build sustainability through existing institutions, …

Comparison Study Of The Averaged Sediment Microbial Enzyme Activities In Four Fecally-Contaminated Streams In The Same Watershed In Northeast Tennessee To Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Nitrate Concentration, And Phosphate Concentration, Brian G. Evanshen, Kurt J. Maier, Phillip R. Scheuerman

ETSU Faculty Works

Microbial enzyme activities (MEA’s) are measurements of microbial metabolism. These activities are dependent on the need for nutrients and respiration. This extended study evaluated four streams in the same watershed that had an approved fecal coliform Total Maximum Daily Load. Sediment and water samples were collected monthly for the first year of each specific stream study, and then quarterly to the end of 2006. Dehydrogenase, a measure of microbial respiration, along with acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, galactosidase and glucosidase activities were measured using colorimetric assays. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was determined using the standard 5-day test (BOD₅). Nitrate …

Predictability Of Cardiovascular Disease Event Rates By Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness In The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communties (Aric) Study, Mara Hollander

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) is a non-invasive reliable predictor of the extent and severity of CVD. There is difficulty acquiring all measurements for validated three-site carotid IMT. More accessible one-site common carotid artery (CCA) IMT has not yet been validated with CVD events.

Purpose: This study will evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of one-site CCA IMT compared to three-site IMT in predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Assessment of whether the association of incremental one-site CCA IMT to a CVD event is significant with and without adjustment for traditional cardiac risk factors was made.

Methodology: Data from The Atherosclerosis …

National Security And Environmental Laws: A Clear And Present Danger?, Hope M. Babcock

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Without question, life in the United States has changed significantly since September 11, 2001. The attacks launched from within the United States in broad daylight against non-military targets and innocent civilians, followed by the intentional dispersal of the biological agent anthrax, ushered in an era of uncertainty and fear in this country unlike any in recent memory. The visible manifestations of this fear are still with us--concrete barriers and the closing of public spaces around public buildings, heightened security at airports and train stations subjecting people to invasive searches of their persons and belongings, the sudden, seemingly random appearance of …

Editorial, Greg Cline

Michigan Journal of Public Health

No abstract provided.

Tracking Of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Using Michigan Emergency Department And Hospital Records, Noreen Hughes, Kenneth D. Rosenman, Joseph Gardiner, Corinne Miller, Mary Jo Reilly

Michigan Journal of Public Health

Objectives: Among all deaths due to poisonings, carbon monoxide (CO) is the leading cause. Development of a surveillance system to track CO poisoning is a recommended public health activity. Initial steps to develop such a system are discussed. Methods: Michigan hospitals provided face sheets and discharge summaries of hospitalized and emergency department visits for CO poisonings. Reports were divided into three categories; intentional poisoning, non-work-related poisoning, and work related poisoning. The characteristics of the three groups, including demographics, sources of exposure, carboxyhemoglobin levels, and time of year were described. Results: There were 847 cases of CO poisoning reported. Another 312 …

Using Gis In Conjunction With Binary Logistic Regression: Mapping The Adequacy Of Prenatal Care Access In Grand Rapids, Michigan, Stephen Borders, Gustavo Rotondaro, Ryan Bosscher

Michigan Journal of Public Health

Background: Early prenatal care is often a prerequisite to a healthy baby. The relationship between adequate prenatal care and improved birthing outcomes is well known. Yet access to adequate prenatal care is complicated by a number of socioeconomic factors related to the mother. These factors include education, ethnicity, insurance type, and the age of the mother. When examining a number of these access measures related to prenatal care access and birthing outcomes, Michigan ranks poorly when compared to other states. In Grand Rapids, Michigan, some of these problems are particularly acute. Grand Rapids exceeds the statewide rates in infant mortality, …

Knowledge And Beliefs Of Adolescents Regarding Sexually Transmitted Infections And Hiv/Aids In A Rural District In Pakistan, Hafsa Raheel, Franklin White, Muhammad Masood Kadir, Zafar Fatmi

Community Health Sciences

Objective:

To assess the knowledge and beliefs of adolescents (15-19 years girls and boys) regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS.

Methods:

A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted in October 2002 in a rural district (Mirpurkhas) of Sindh province, Pakistan.

Results:

A total of 428 adolescent girls and boys were interviewed. Only 44% correctly named at least one STI, while 55% knew at least two modes of transmission for HIV/AIDS. Adolescents with education greater than or equal to secondary level, those who were able to read the newspaper, possessed electricity in their homes and were allowed to meet their …

Correlates Of Cigarette Smoking Among Male College Students In Karachi, Pakistan, Shafquat Rozi, Zahid A. Butt, Saeed Akhtar

Community Health Sciences

Background: About 1.3 billion people are regular smokers world wide and every day between 8,200 and 9,900 young people start to smoke, risking rapid addiction to nicotine. Transition from high school to college is a critical period to adopt healthy habits and life style. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that might influence their smoking habit. Our study aims to assess the influence of factors that encourage college students to smoke cigarettes.Methods: The data used in this survey were obtained from a representative sample of registered colleges of Karachi. A random sample of 576 male college students of …

Resource Allocation Within The National Aids Control Program Of Pakistan: A Qualitative Assessment Of Decision Maker's Opinions, Sara Husain, Masood Kadir, Zafar Fatmi

Community Health Sciences

Background:

Limited resources, whether public or private, demand prioritisation among competing needs to maximise productivity. With a substantial increase in the number of reported HIV cases, little work has been done to understand how resources have been distributed and what factors may have influenced allocation within the newly introduced Enhanced National AIDS Control Program of Pakistan. The objective of this study was to identify perceptions of decision makers about the process of resource allocation within Pakistan's Enhanced National AIDS Control Program.

Methods:

A qualitative study was undertaken and in-depth interviews of decision makers at provincial and federal levels responsible to …

Senate Bill (Sb) 172: Governance Of Nutrition In Kentucky Public Schools: Implementation Analysis Final Report, Bill Brumbach

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

This report is intended to evaluate the implementation of Senate Bill (SB) 172 in Kentucky's public schools. This law requires that all schools in Kentucky implement strict nutrition standards that apply to all foods sold during the school day. This report highlights the different methods used by selected schools in implementing the requirements in SB 172. In performing my analysis, I traveled to different schools in central and southeastern Kentucky to assess how these select schools were meeting the requirements of the law. Site visits allowed me to discuss implementation strategies with school administrators and aided in my understanding of …

Snapshot 2007: Maine Workers With Disabilities, Maine’S Commission On Disability And Employment, Choices Ceo Project

Disability & Aging

No abstract provided.

Determinants Of Obesity: Racial Differences, Nikkia L. Goforth

Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major public health problem. Studies have shown that there are racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity. However, there is limited research that examines the effects of sedentary and poor lifestyle behaviors and obesity among different racial and ethnic groups. Furthermore, most studies focus on the problem of obesity among children. This study was conducted to examine racial differences in determinants of obesity in adults in the United States. METHODS: Data from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used for this analysis. Demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and existence of chronic diseases were assessed. …

Grânulos De Amido E Fitólitos Em Cálculos Dentários Humanos: Contribuição Ao Estudo Do Modo De Vida E Subsistência De Grupos Sambaquianos Do Litoral Sul Do Brasil, Verônica Wesolowski, Sheila Maria Ferraz Mendonça De Souza, Karl Reinhard, Gregório Ceccantini

Karl Reinhard Publications

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados da recuperação e análise de micro-vestígios vegetais retidos em cálculos dentários de grupos de pescadores-coletores do litoral sul do Brasil. Apresenta também os resultados das relações mantidas entre grânulos de amido e cárie, e entre fitólitos e desgaste dentário.

Através da dissolução química de cálculos dentários foram recuperados microvestígios vegetais em todos os indivíduos estudados. Foi evidenciado o consumo de alimentos amiláceos em todas as séries esqueléticas estudadas, demonstrando independência entre dieta com aporte de produtos vegetais e utilização de cerâmica. Foram encontrados resultados sugestivos de padrões de escolha de alimentos diferenciados …

Historical Perspective: The Historical Development Of The Society For Occupational Health Psychology, Leslie B. Hammer, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

The Society for Occupational Health Psychology (SOHP) is the first professional group of its kind in the United States. The development of the Society can be traced to the development of the field of occupational health psychology (OHP). OHP is an interdisciplinary partnership of the psychological and occupational health sciences. The goals of this partnership include the improvement of the quality of people’s working lives and the enhancement of the safety, health, and well-being of workers. To our knowledge the first time the term occupational health psychology became visible in the research literature is in 1986 in a book chapter …

Quantification De La Variabilité Biologique : Impact De La Variation Des Niveaux Ambiants De Contaminants, Ginette Truchon, Robert Tardif, Pierre-Olivier Droz, Philippe Nantel, Ginette Charest-Tardif, Alice De Batz

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Certaines caractéristiques liées à l’individu, aux contaminants, à la tâche ou au milieu de travail peuvent engendrer des variations importantes dans les niveaux biologiques retrouvés chez un individu pour un indicateur donné. Par le biais de la modélisation toxicocinétique à base physiologique et à base compartimentale, couplées à la simulation Monte-Carlo, la présente étude a documenté l’impact des fluctuations des niveaux ambiants des contaminants sur la valeur des indicateurs biologiques d’exposition documentés dans le Guide de surveillance biologique – Prélèvement et interprétation des résultats de l'IRSST. Cette étude propose également un modèle mathématique afin d’intégrer les différentes sources de variabilité, …

Young Adults And Health Insurance Coverage: A Description Of Trends, Christina Lynn Hansen

Honors Program Theses

Such high rates of uninsurance are due to many factors, but the transition from dependence to independence is a major cause of uninsurance within young adults. Affecting all classes and groups of young adults, it is shown that being in low-income families, a member of a minority group, and being male all increase chances of uninsurance (Callahan & Cooper, 2004).

Evaluation Of A Community-Based Tuberculosis Screening Program For Latino Immigrants In New York City, Cristina R. Fernández

Public Health Theses

No abstract provided.

Episiotomy And Obstetric Trauma In Nevada: Evidence From Linked Hospital Discharge And Birth Data, Gulzar H. Shah, Joseph A. Greenway, Wei Yang

Nevada Journal of Public Health

Based on the perception that episiotomy prevents obstetric trauma, the procedure is liberally performed in U.S. Hospitals. Using linked Nevada Birth Registry and Nevada Impatient Hospital Discharges (2000 to 2005), we applied descriptive analyses and logistic regression to examine the status of Nevada episiotomy practice and its impact on birth trauma for mothers. Of 106,461 vaginal live births, 26,383 (24.8%) episiotomies were conducted. Obstetric trauma rate declined from 5.2% of vaginal deliveries in 2000 to 4.4% in 2005. After statistically controlling for the effect of other risk factors, zero parity, episiotomy, other instrument assisted deliveries, non-MDs as birth attendants, rural …

Las Vegas: A Sustainable Urban Environment For Health?, Nancy Menzel

Nevada Journal of Public Health

The rapid growth of Las Vegas has resulted in negative consequences for the health of its residents to a level that threatens the area’s sustainability. This article reviews key indicators of population health in Las Vegas through the framework of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Healthy People in Healthy Places and concludes that public health professionals, citizens, businesses, and political leaders must act now to protect and improve population health.

Front Matter

Michigan Journal of Public Health

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents

Michigan Journal of Public Health

No abstract provided.

Mjph Feedback Survey

Michigan Journal of Public Health

No abstract provided.

Individual Differences In Well-Being In Older Breast Cancer Survivors, Elizabeth A. Perkins, Brent J. Small, Lodovico Balducci, Martine Extermann, Claire Robb, William E. Haley

Epidemiology: Faculty Publications (2002-2018)

Older women who survive breast cancer may differ significantly in their long-term well-being. Using a risk and protective factors model, we studied predictors of well-being in 127 women age 70 and above with a history of at least one year's survival of breast cancer. Mean post-cancer survivorship was 5.1 years. Using life satisfaction, depression and general health perceptions as outcome variables, we assessed whether demographic variables, cancer-related variables, health status and psychosocial resources predicted variability in well-being using correlational and hierarchical regression analyses. Higher age predicted increased depression but was not associated with life satisfaction or general health perceptions. Cancer-related …

A Lifestyle-Based Weight Management Program Delivered To Employees: Examination Of Health And Economic Outcomes, M. Courtney Hughes, Teresa M. Girolami, Allen D. Cheadle, Jeffrey R. Harris, Donald L. Patrick

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

Objective: To examine the health and economic outcomes associated with a comprehensive weight management program delivered to employees.

Methods: Data collected on 516 individuals participating in a lifestyle-based weight management program delivered to employees from three corporations were analyzed at baseline and intervention-end (26 or 52 weeks). One-year post-intervention data for two subgroups were examined for pharmaceutical use (n ! 61) and health outcomes (n ! 46).

Results: Average body weight decreased 5.4% (P " 0.001) and average waist circumference decreased 7.2% (P " 0.001). Average blood pressure, Beck Depression Inventory scores, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores improved (P " …