Public Health Commons^™

Frekuensi Keteraturan Senam Dan Penurunan Tekanan Darah Anggota Klub Jantung Sehat Pondalisa, Jakarta Tahun 2000 - 2005, Retno Asti Werdhani

Kesmas

Prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia meningkat bersamaan dengan meningkatnya usia. Untuk itu, upaya pencegahan hipertensi dan komplikasinya perlu dilakukan sejak dini jauh sebelum usia lanjut. Olahraga khususnya jenis aerobik diketahui dapat mengendalikan tekanan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan frekuensi dan keteraturan senam terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada peserta program latihan. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah kohort retrospektif dengan metoda analisis Cox Regression. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap sumber data sekunder 132 anggota KJS Pondalisa yang merupakan salah satu sarana olahraga masyarakat, selama periode satu tahun keanggotaan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa tidak ada anggota yang melakukan senam 3xper minggu sesuai program dengan keteraturan …

Pemanfaatan Air Sungai Dan Infeksi Schistosoma Japonicum Di Napu Poso Sulawesi Tengah Tahun 2006, M. Edy Hariyanto

Kesmas

Penyakit schistosomiasis menempati rengking ke dua setelah malaria sebagai masalah sosial ekonomi dan kesehatan masyarakat di daerah tropis dan sub tropis. Prevalensi Schistosomiasis di Napu pada tahun 2004 (1,71%) masih tinggi dan cenderung meningkat. Hal tersebut didukung oleh infection rate pada keong sebagai host intermediet yang tinggi (16.3%) yang menunjukkan bahwa penularan masih terus terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan pemanfaatan air sungai/parit dengan infeksi Schistosoma japonicum di Napu Poso Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian dengan disain studi kasus kontrol ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder hasil survey tinja dan pengamatan dengan metode Katto Katz di Napu tahun 2006. Kasus adalah responden …

The Fundamentals Of Health Savings Accounts And High-Deductible Health Plans, Beth Fuchs, Lisa Potetz

National Health Policy Forum

This background paper updates and expands on a previous NHPF document that looked at the fundamentals of health savings accounts (HSAs) and high-deductible health plans (HDHPs), their intellectual and legislative origins, and the ways they work. In addition to updating information on the HDHP/HSA marketplace, this paper presents a description of how the HDHP combined with the HSA works for enrollees. Using a question and-answer format, it then addresses some of the more complicated details of these arrangements, looking first at the HDHPs and then the HSAs. This closer examination suggests some potential policy challenges for lawmakers, the focus of …

What Have You Done For Me Lately? Assessing Hospital Community Benefit, Eileen Salinsky

National Health Policy Forum

This issue brief reviews key aspects of the ongoing policy debate related to not-for-profit hospitals, the advantages they derive from tax exemption, and the benefits they provide to communities served. It provides a historical context for how federal standards for assessing hospitals’ tax-exempt status have evolved and describes recent activities to explore additional policy changes. Legislative and regulatory actions at the state and local level are also examined. Evidence on the performance of not-for-profit hospitals in comparison to their for-profit competitors on measures of cost, quality, and access is summarized, and perspectives on the need to preserve a not-for-profit presence …

Weighted Likelihood Method For Grouped Survival Data In Case-Cohort Studies With Application To Hiv Vaccine Trials, Zhiguo Li, Peter B. Gilbert, Bin Nan

The University of Michigan Department of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Grouped failure time data arise often in HIV studies. In a recent preventive HIV vaccine efficacy trial, immune responses generated by the vaccine were measured from a case-cohort sample of vaccine recipients, who were subsequently evaluated for the study endpoint of HIV infection at pre-specified follow-up visits. Gilbert et al. (2005) and Forthal et al. (2007) analyzed the association between the immune responses and HIV incidence with a Cox proportional hazards model, treating the HIV infection diagnosis time as a right censored random variable. The data, however, are of the form of grouped failure time data with case-cohort covariate sampling, …

Is Mri-Based Volume A Mediator Of The Association Of Cumulative Lead Dose With Cognitive Function?, Brian S. Caffo, Sining Chen, Walter Stewart, Karen Bolla, David Yousem, Christos Davatzikos, Brian S. Schwartz

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

This work considers the pathway through which past occupational lead exposure impacts cognitive function using cross-sectional data. It is motivated by studies linking cumulative lead dose with brain volumes, volumes with cognitive function, and lead dose with cognitive function. It is hypothesized that the brain regions associated with lead mediate a portion of the association between lead dose and cognitive function. The data were derived from an ongoing study of 513 former organolead manufacturing workers. Using MRIs, a novel analysis was performed to investigate Mediation. Volumes associated with cognitive function and lead dose were derived using registered images and used …

Haplotype Association Between Haptoglobin (Hp2) And Hp Promoter Snp (A-61c) May Explain Previous Controversy Of Haptoglobin And Malaria Protection, Sharon E. Cox, Conor Doherty, Sarah H. Atkinson, Chidi V. Nweneka, Anthony J.C. Fulford, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Kirk A. Rockett, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski, Andrew M. Prentice

Faculty Publications

Background.

Malaria is one of the strongest recent selective pressures on the human genome, as evidenced by the high levels of varying haemoglobinopathies in human populations-despite the increased risk of mortality in the homozygous states. Previously, functional polymorphisms of Hp, coded by the co-dominant alleles Hp1 and Hp2, have been variously associated with several infectious diseases, including malaria susceptibility.

Methodology/Principal Findings.

Risk of a clinical malarial episode over the course of a malarial transmission season was assessed using active surveillance in a cohort of Gambian children aged 10-72 months. We report for the first time that the major haplotype for …

Haplotype Association Between Haptoglobin (Hp2) And Hp Promoter Snp (A-61c) May Explain Previous Controversy Of Haptoglobin And Malaria Protection, Sharon E. Cox, Conor Doherty, Sarah H. Atkinson, Chidi V. Nweneka, Anthony J.C. Fulford, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Kirk A. Rockett, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski, Andrew M. Prentice

Faculty Publications

Background

Malaria is one of the strongest recent selective pressures on the human genome, as evidenced by the high levels of varying haemoglobinopathies in human populations–despite the increased risk of mortality in the homozygous states. Previously, functional polymorphisms of Hp, coded by the co-dominant alleles Hp1 and Hp2, have been variously associated with several infectious diseases, including malaria susceptibility.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Risk of a clinical malarial episode over the course of a malarial transmission season was assessed using active surveillance in a cohort of Gambian children aged 10–72 months. We report for the first time that the major haplotype for …

Evaluation Of Two Surface Sampling Methods For Detection Of Erwinia Herbicola On A Variety Of Materials By Culture And Quantitative Pcr, Mark P. Buttner, Patrica Cruz, Linda Stetzenbach, Tracy Cronin

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

This research was designed to evaluate surface sampling protocols for use with culture and quantitative PCR (QPCR) amplification assay for detection of the gram-negative bacterial biothreat simulant Erwinia herbicola on a variety of surface materials. Surfaces selected for evaluation were wood laminate, glass and computer monitor screens, metal file cabinets, plastic arena seats, nylon seat cushions, finished concrete flooring, and vinyl tile flooring. Laboratory and test chamber studies were performed to evaluate two sampling methods, a sponge and a macrofoam swab, for detection of E. herbicola on surface materials. In laboratory trials, seven materials were inoculated with a known concentration …

Review Of Access And Quality Of Care In Schip Using Standardized National Performance Measures, Terence A. Partridge

National Health Policy Forum

The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) has proven to be a critical addition to public coverage programs for low-income children since its inception ten years ago. Tracking the number of children enrolled, however, is only part of the story. This technical paper reviews access and quality for children enrolled in SCHIP by examining information on four primary and preventive care health measures submitted to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services by states in their 2005 annual reports. The paper concludes that the data examined for this paper indicate that children enrolled in SCHIP are receiving not only coverage …

Methamphetamine: The New Epidemic, Jessica Gingery

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

Competition And Collaboration: The Spirit Of St. Louis, Laura A. Dummit, Lisa Sprague

National Health Policy Forum

The National Health Policy Forum sponsored a site visit to St. Louis, Missouri, on April 3-5, 2007, to consider the relationships between hospitals and physicians—and the degree of alignment in their financial, organizational, and policy goals—as a foundation for a new round of discussions on how to reform the health care system. St. Louis offered an interesting venue for these investigations because it is home to two major medical schools, three large hospital systems, and a physician community dominated by small practices. Site visit participants were able to converse with community, business, medical school, hospital, and physician leaders to learn …

Building Community Research Capacity: Process Evaluation Of Community Training And Education In A Community-Based Participatory Research Program Serving A Predominately Puerto Rican Community, Laurene M. Tumiel-Berhalter, Victoria Mclaughlin-Diaz, John Vena, Carlos J. Crespo

Community Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Education and training build community research capacity and have impact on improvements of health outcomes.

Objectives: This manuscript describes the training and educational approaches to building research capacity that were utilized in a community-based participatory research program serving a Puerto Rican population and identifies barriers and strategies for overcoming them.

Methods: A process evaluation identified a multitiered approach to training and education that was critical to reaching the broad community.

Results: This approach included four major categories providing a continuum of education and training opportunities: networking, methods training, on-the-job experience, and community education. Participation in these opportunities supported the …

Messages Of Maternity: The Relationship Of State And Ngo Institutions To Reproductive Health Services And The Construction Of Family In Jordan, Julia Shatz

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This project examines the ways in which family planning and reproductive health services and the institutions that provide them contribute to constructing definitions of family and motherhood in Jordan. The study is based on personal interviews conducted with representatives at six institutions – the Ministry of Health, the Higher Population Council, the Jordanian Association for Family Planning and Protection, Queen Zein Al Sharaf Institute for Development, the Arab Women’s Organization, and the Jordanian Women’s Union. This paper addresses the issues of family planning as a method of population control, the integrated medical and educational approach currently popular in family planning …

Biomass Combustion And Ari In Kiwengwa, Unguja, Eric Fournier, Nicole Poepping

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

A study was undertaken investigating the relationship between biomass cook stove usage practices in Kiwengwa, Unguja and the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) amongst individuals participating in household cooking activities. In each household, the incidence of ARI was determined via semi-structured interviews conducted with the primary cooker. Additionally, measurements and observations of: biomass cook stove efficiency, stove usage behaviors, and the physical cooking environment were obtained. Statistical analysis was then performed to assess the nature and significance of relationships between variables in the three cook stove usage categories and the stated incidence of ARI within the sample households. Data …

Where The Sky Is High And The Hospital Is Faraway: Strategies For Rural Public Health Education In Yunnan, China, Michael Frick

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The young seller sits on a low stool behind a canvas advertising his product and speaks quickly into a microphone headset. Gathered around him, a small crowd watches as he spreads a modest amount of his curative skin potion on the underarm of a willing volunteer. As the vendor dabs the liquid on the local man’s arm, he gestures toward pictures on the canvas to explain and market his medicine, a red liquid stored in small elixir bottles. Several streets away, thirty government health workers dressed in the blue and black uniforms of officialdom unfold a carnival of public health, …

Bridging The Critical Chasm Between Service And Research: The Cancer Information Service’S Collaboratory, Linda Squiers, Nigel Bush, Robin C. Vanderpool, Ludmila Cofta-Woerpel, Cecilia Fabrizio

Health, Behavior & Society Faculty Publications

As a collaboratory for cancer communication and education research, the National Cancer Institute's (NCIs) Cancer Information Service (CIS) is in an ideal position to bridge the critical chasm that exists between service and research. This article describes the CIS' current research program as well as the CIS Research Agenda launched in 2005. The CIS' progress in developing and supporting recently funded studies that address this agenda is detailed. The unique resources and opportunities available to researchers, public health practitioners, health care providers, and community-based organizations interested in developing collaborative cancer communication and cancer education studies with the CIS are identified …

Defining Programmatic Access To Healthcare For People With Disabilities, Nancy R. Mudrick, Silvia Yee

Social Work - All Scholarship

People with disabilities face disability-related barriers that affect their receipt of health care. These often are discussed in terms of three categories: financial, structural, and programmatic barriers. Financial barriers may involve the lack of insurance, inability to pay for care, or coverage limitations for such items as durable medical equipment and medication. Structural barriers primarily arise from the architectural characteristics of health care delivery settings, such as parking location, building entrances, stairs and ramps, and bathrooms. Programmatic barriers are barriers involving the processes used to deliver health care. This category is the least understood, yet an important factor for access …

A Case Study Of Pediatric Diarrhea At Murchison District Hospital In Port Shepstone, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, T. Smith

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This study investigates pediatric diarrhea in children under 5 years old at Murchison District Hospital in Port Shepstone, South Africa. Hospital Child Pip data was used to determine the number of admissions to the hospital for pediatric diarrhea and its mortality rate. Characteristics of deceased patients including age, malnutrition, and HIV status, were then synthesized with information on patients’ access to clean water and improved sanitation obtained through 20 interviews of mothers of patients as well as caregivers’ infant feeding practices and hygiene practices, such as handwashing with soap. Treatment and prevention of diarrhea was also explored. Murchison’s management of …

Healthcast 2020, David B. Nash

Selected Works of David B. Nash, MD, MBA

No abstract provided.

Parental Views Of Otitis Media And Antibiotic Treatment, Courtney Leigh Ross

Doctoral Dissertations

Antibiotic resistance is a rapidly growing problem throughout the world. Antibiotic resistance can be due to a number of factors, including unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, antibiotic misuse, and transmission of resistant bacteria.

Otitis media is the most often diagnosed childhood illness and accounts for the majority of the United States' annual antibiotic prescriptions. Both parents and physicians can contribute to unnecessary antibiotic treatment for otitis media. Understanding parental views of otitis media and antibiotic treatment may help reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions and lead to the subsequent reduction in antibiotic resistance.

The purpose of this capstone project is to develop a questionnaire …

Preps Surveillance: Summary Of Cognitive Interviews And Recommendations For Preps Surveillance Measures, Lois Biener, Karen Bogen

Center for Survey Research Publications

A review of existing research on population awareness of potentially reduced exposure tobacco products (PREPs) as well as results of cognitive interviews suggest that awareness of PREPs is quite low at this time, except in active test-markets. In order to monitor changes in awareness and perceptions of, and receptivity to these products over time, we have proposed using a set of questions as well as coding conventions that appear to result in reasonably accurate estimates of awareness of a particular group of products. The recommended items, which performed will in cognitive interviews, are presented in Appendix D of this report. …

Download Full Pdf Issue Of Thomas Jefferson University Mph Public Health Link Newsletter, Vol. 3, Iss.3, April 2007

Public Health Link

This issue includes a faculty spotlight on Dr. Brawer, a recap of the 4th annual SAPHE awards luncheon and a list of Public Health Thesis presenters.

Well Child Health Care In Wales: A Change Of Setting, A Shift Of Power, Jennifer Herman

Inquiry Journal 2007

No abstract provided.

A Case Study Of School Age Female Minority Athletes Who Became Pregnant, Floyd Jones Phd, Jennifer Y. Mak, Phyllis A. Jones Ed

Management Faculty Research

The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth understanding of ''What had happened to the urban minority female athletes who became pregnant while playing high school basketball?'' The study wanted to provide a qualitative analysis of rich narrative data collected from questionnaire interviews of two separate groups (one in Pittsburgh, the other in New York City). The findings of this study suggest that in fact urban female African-Americans athletes still received benefits from sports participation.

Gstm1, Gstt1, Gstp1, And Gsta1 Polymorphisms And Urinary Isothiocyanate Metabolites Following Broccoli Consumption In Humans, Susan E. Steck, Marilie D. Gammon, James R. Hébert, Denise E. Wall, Steven H. Zeisel

Faculty Publications

Isothiocyanates (ITC) are potentially anticarcinogenic phytochemicals formed from the metabolism of glucosinolates and are found in cruciferous vegetables as well as a select number of other foods. ITC are both substrates for and inducers of glutathione S-transferase (GST) phase II metabolizing enzymes involved in carcinogen detoxification as well as effectors of phase I pathways. Previous studies report mixed results on the interaction between cruciferous vegetable intake, GST polymorphisms, and risk of cancer. We conducted a study of 114 healthy human subjects between 18 and 50 y of age to examine the biologic mechanism underlying the associations, specifically, to assess …

Repeatability Of Serial Carotid Intima Media Thickness Scanning On Individual Subjects, Judi Nightingale

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background. Heart disease affects millions of Americans each year. In order to improve primary prevention, early risk identification is essential. B-mode ultrasound of the common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT) assesses risk of a coronary event early in the process of plaque development. Because IMT changes are so small over time, in order to determine clinically significant versus clinically insignificant changes in IMT over a 12 month time period, a protocol is needed which can detect the least significant difference (LSD) of at least 0.030 mm.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a well-defined …

Dental Hygienists' Contributions To Improving The Nation's Oral Health Through School-Based Initiatives From 1970 Through 1999: A Historical Review, Gayle B. Mccombs, Cynthia C. Gadbury-Amyot, Rebecca S. Wilder, Karen O. Skaff, Margaret Lappan Green

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: The purpose of this literature review is to document the contributions dental hygienists have made over the past 3 decades to improve the nation's oral health. This historical review encompasses selected literature that acknowledged dental Hygienists' direct involvement in U.S. school-based or school-linked oral health programs from 1970-1999.

METHODS: Five researchers independently searched MEDLINE, PubMed, and other electronic databases to identify relevant literature for the years 1970-1999. The search aimed to locate articles authored by or that documented dental Hygienists' involvement as "service provider" in U.S. school-based oral health programs. For the purpose of this review, service provider was …

Cost Effectiveness Of Screening Of All Newly Recruited Employees For Diabetes At A Tertiary Care Hospital, Niloufer Sultan Ali, Ali Khan Khuwaja

Department of Anaesthesia

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease which remains asymptomatic for long duration of time and usually diagnosed either when gets complicated or by routine or opportunistic screening. The practice of universal screening is not recommended, particularly in constraint resources . However, we embarked with a study to assess the yield of recommended screening for Type 2 diabetes in all the newly recruited employees at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Methods: All the information required for this study was collected from medical records of all newly recruited employees of nursing services department of a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan, over …

Modifying And Validating A Quality Of Life Measure To Fit Your Patient Population, Michelle R. Johnson, J Ross Maclean, Rebecca L. Rogers, Donna M. Fick, Andre Kallab

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Introduction: A well-developed quality of life (QoL) instrument is valuable in identifying the burden of illness. We were interested in exploring whether existing QoL instruments were suitable for patients in our medical setting and, if not, whether this could be rectified by adapting an existing valid and reliable instrument to meet the specific needs of our patient population. For the purposes of this study, we chose to evaluate the quality of life of patients with breast cancer. Specifically, we were interested in two aspects of QoL in women with breast cancer. The first was whether existing instruments were pertinent to …