Public Health Commons^™

Breastfeeding: A Landmark In Global Public Health, Melissa Tinling

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In the study of public health and the discipline of global health, what is the meaning of the term “global public health”? The author, Melissa Tinling, defines the concept and gives an illustration through the model of the global effort to increase breastfeeding prevalence. Using the WHO and UNICEF joint Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding as the central framework, the responsibilities of the global, international, national, and local levels are depicted within the context of Geneva, Switzerland. The author identifies the ethical considerations implicated in the application of the global public health strategy to breastfeeding.

“I Didn’T Feel Like Living”: The Prevalence, Perceptions, And Prevention Of Hiv/Aids Among Tibetan Refugees In Kathmandu, Caitlin Macleod-Bluver

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The fight against HIV/AIDS is a global one, a concern that is addressed by both the Nepali government and the Tibetan government in exile. Both governments have taken measures to prevent the further spread of the epidemic among their populations, increase knowledge and awareness about the disease, and provide better treatment and care to those living with HIV/AIDS. However, there is a gap between these efforts, particularly within the Tibetan refugee community. As a result of Tibetan’s refugee status in Nepal, fewer resources have been allocated for dealing with and understanding the risk factors for Tibetans in exile in Nepal. …

Causal Inference For Nested Case-Control Studies Using Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Sherri Rose, Mark J. Van Der Laan

U.C. Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series

A nested case-control study is conducted within a well-defined cohort arising out of a population of interest. This design is often used in epidemiology to reduce the costs associated with collecting data on the full cohort; however, the case control sample within the cohort is a biased sample. Methods for analyzing case-control studies have largely focused on logistic regression models that provide conditional and not marginal causal estimates of the odds ratio. We previously developed a Case-Control Weighted Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE) procedure for case-control study designs, which relies on the prevalence probability q0. We propose the use of …

Health Communication Sources And Cancer Survivors’ Information Seeking, Ni Zhang, Yong-Chan Kim

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Suicide Attempts Among Latinas Who Experienced Early Sex Were Largely Mediated By Substance Abuse, Patria Rojas, Sunny Kim, Mario De La Rosa, Wayway M. Hlaing, Theophille Niyonsenga

Florida Public Health Review

The purpose of this study was to describe the role of substance abuse as a mediating factor between early sexual experiences and suicide attempts among adult Latinas. In our study participants (n=158), nearly 15% had attempted suicide and 39% experienced their first sexual encounter at an age of 15 or younger (referred to hereafter as “early sex”). Latinas who experienced early sex were more likely to attempt suicide [OR=2.4, p<0.05], and this relationship was largely mediated by substance abuse. An early sexual debut may indicate an environmental adversity on the child that calls for long term intervention for prevention of substance abuse as well as promotion of psychological well-being later in life.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 85, No. 4, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. Articles:

• Wilson, Laurel. Some Students Off Swine Flu – Influenza
• Hood, Sarah. Va-Va-Voom – Megan Coker, Vette City Roller Derby
• Harris, Shakia. Group to Talk Domestic Partner Benefits – Health Insurance, University Senate
• Walker, Morgan. A Thousand Words – Chris Goodrow, Homeless Persons, Vietnam Veterans
• Freeman, Phil. Smoking Survey Expected – Cigarettes, Tobacco
• Jenkins, Spencer. Veteran’s Group Forms – Student Veterans of America
• Erskine, Anne. Editorial Cartoon re: Swine Flu – Big Red
• Pandemic or Pandemonium – Swine Flu, Influenza
• Bryan, Kendrick. Student Government Association Wants You to Get …

Bridging The Care Continuum: Patient Information Needs For Specialist Referrals., Carol L. Ireson, Svetla Slavova, Carol L. Steltenkamp, F. Douglas Scutchfield

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Information transfer is critical in the primary care to specialist referral process and has been examined extensively in the US and other countries, yet there has been little attention to the patient's perspective of the information transfer process. This cross-sectional study examined the quality of the information received by patients with a chronic condition from the referring and specialist physician in the specialist referral process and the relationship of the quality of information received to trust in the physicians.

METHODS: Structured telephone interviews were conducted with a random sample of 250 patients who had experienced a referral to a …

Exploring The Effect Of Sexual Education On Sexual Health Risk Behaviors: Analysis Of The 2003 And 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys In Florida And Alabama, Shenena Armstrong, Alicestine Ashford, Ivette A. López, C. Perry Brown

Florida Public Health Review

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between sexual health education content and sexual health risk behaviors, and the mediating effect of demographic variables. A cross-sectional research design employing secondary data analysis explored these associations in a sample of African American and non-Hispanic White male and female adolescents that took part in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) for the years 2003 and 2007 in the aforementioned southern states. Significant associations were observed between race and reported condom use and alcohol and/or drug use during last intercourse. For both Alabama and Florida, sexual health education was associated …

Estimating Effects By Combining Instrumental Variables With Case-Control Designs: The Role Of Principal Stratification, Russell T. Shinohara, Constantine E. Frangakis, Elizabeth Platz, Konstantinos Tsilidis

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

The instrumental variable framework is commonly used in the estimation of causal effects from cohort samples. In the case of more efficient designs such as the case-control study, however, the combination of the instrumental variable and complex sampling designs requires new methodological consideration. As the prevalence of Mendelian randomization studies is increasing and the cost of genotyping and expression data can be high, the analysis of data gathered from more cost-effective sampling designs is of prime interest. We show that the standard instrumental variable analysis is not applicable to the case-control design and can lead to erroneous estimation and inference. …

Family Education For Psychosis, Amresh Srivastava

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Using Primary Care To Bend The Curve: Estimating The Impact Of A Health Center Expansion On Health Care Costs, Leighton C. Ku, Patrick Richard, Avi Dor, Ellen Tan, Peter Shin, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative

This research brief, the third in a series examining the link between national health reform proposals and community health centers, estimates the cost savings that would be realized by making important investments in non-profit health centers as an element of national health reform. Key findings include:

Increasing health center capacity by another 20 million patients by 2019 (to 39 million patients) under health reform can be expected to generate an additional $35.6 billion savings in 2019 and $212 billion in additional savings over the 2010-2019 ten-year time period.

Were the Medicaid prospective payment rate system to be applied to exchange …

Characteristics Of A Healthy Environment, Saima Khalid

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

No abstract provided.

Workers Electrocuted While Working In Elevated Buckets, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Kentucky Haz Alerts--Motor Vehicle

To prevent worker electrocutions while working near over-head power lines:

• Employers should implement and enforce a formal written electrical safety training program that includes work around overhead lines.
• An observer should be designated by the employer to perform an electrical hazard
• evaluation prior to commencing new work activities.
• A hazard assessment of the job site and route of travel, including aerial and ground hazards and obstacles, within the job site should be performed by a competent person before work commences.

Chinese Coal Mines--The Industrial Death Trap, Amber Mehmood

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Quality Of Life Estimation With Structural Equation Modeling In School Aged Children With Asthma, Sheniz Moonie, Xuan Huang, David A. Sterling

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Significant increases in childhood asthma prevalence and mortality has prompted federal and regulatory agencies to work towards a national framework to address childhood asthma. Quality of life is an important component of chronic disease, and the evaluation of healthcare outcomes. There is little discussion in the literature regarding the implications of QoL as a theoretical construct. This study determined the effect of asthma on the QoL of our study population and caregiver’s missed workdays on the child’s QoL scores. A negative relationship was found between the child’s QoL and the caregiver’s missed workdays due to their child’s asthma. The use …

Counting On Care Work: Human Infrastructure In Massachusetts, Randy Albelda, Mignon Duffy, Nancy Folbre

Center for Social Policy Publications

In Massachusetts, as in every other place in the world, all children need to be cared for and educated, everybody has physical and mental health needs that require attention, and some individuals need assistance with the daily tasks of life because of illness, age, or disability. The labor of meeting these needs – which we call care work – is a complex activity that has profound implications for personal, social and economic well-being. Care work is not just a cornerstone of our economy – it is a rock-bottom foundation. Care work provides the basis for our human infrastructure, and we …

Synthesis, Characterisation And Anti-Candida Activity Of Inorganic And Organic Derivatives Of 1,10-Phenanthroline, Ruth Cogan

Masters

This thesis reports results in three areas: (i) the synthesis, characterisation and biological activity of simple metal salts incorporating 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 1,10 phenanthroline- 5,6-dione (phendione) ligands, (ii) the synthesis, characterisation and biological activity of three different organic derivatives of phendione, and (iii) the synthesis or attempted synthesis, characterisation and biological activity of phendione-amino acid conjugates.

Impact Of Ambient Air Pollution On Survival Of Renal Transplant Recipients, Rhonda Kristine Hwang

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

There is increasing evidence that ambient air pollution is associated with coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality. This research has focused on the general public and less so on possible sensitive subgroups even though these may have even greater susceptibility to adverse effects of ambient air pollution. With highly prevalent traditional as well as nontraditional risk factors, renal transplant recipients may potentially be a sensitive subgroup. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of between long-term exposure to air pollution on the risk of CHD mortality among renal transplant recipients. This cohort study includes 32,239 adult, …

Patient/Physician Communication In Type 2 Diabetes-Related Health Behavior Change, Barbara Marie Thomas

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Adult type 2 diabetes is an increasing problem in the United States and affected over 16 million Americans in 2004. Most patients are treated in primary care settings and managed medically, but controlling insulin resistance through activity and diet is considered the greatest challenge for the next 30 years (Katen, et al., 2007). Understanding how physicians and patients communicate about health behaviors is necessary for developing the most effective strategies for facilitating health behavior change in this population. In the current study, adults with type 2 diabetes (n= 87) from the Loma Linda University Diabetes Treatment Center (LLUDTC), …

Study Of The Four Factor Theory Of Women’S Sexual Function, Julie M. Merrell

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Tiefer, Hall, and Tavris (2002) described factors comprising four categories of female sexual function. They suggested that unique factors need to be examined to understand sexual function in women. Socio-cultural, political, or economic factors, partner and relationship factors, psychological factors, and medical factors were described as aspects of women’s lives that can be the source of sexual dysfunction. In a previous study, Merrell (2007) utilized Tiefer et al’s (2002) four factor model of sexual functioning to examine female sexual functioning looking specifically at body shame, relationship satisfaction, positive and negative affect, sexual self-schema, and overall health. Based on the results …

Development And Formative Implementation Of A Nutrition Assessment And Peer Education Program Based On Dietary Analysis At A California State University, Janay Jelso

Master's Theses

A healthy diet has been established as a key component contributing to an individual’s quality of life. Statistics show that the diet of Americans needs improvement (Guenther et al., 2007) indicating possible lack knowledge of what healthy eating behaviors are. There is an abundance of nutrition misinformation available to the consumer (American Dietetic Association, 2002a). Dietary interventions that provide credible education based on readiness to change behaviors and goal setting have been successful in increasing awareness of what healthy eating behaviors are and changing existing behaviors over time (Ammerman et al., 2002; Evans & Sawyer-Morse, 2002; Gambera et al., 1995; …

Senate Bill 42: Implementation And Impact On Physical Activity In Middle Schools, Cristina S. Barroso, Steven H. Kelder, Andrew E. Springer, Carolyn L. Smith, Nalini Ranjit, Christopher Ledingham, Deanna M. Hoelscher

Health & Human Performance Faculty Publications

Purpose

In 2005, the Texas State Legislature passed Senate Bill 42 (SB42), which required public middle school students (grades 6–8) to participate in 30 minutes of daily structured physical activity. The purpose of this study was to assess awareness of and adherence to SB42 in Texas middle schools, and to assess the impact of SB42 on the frequency and quality of structured physical activity.

Methods

Key informant (school principals, physical education [PE] instructors, nurses, or designated personnel) telephone interviews on the implementation of SB42 were conducted from a statewide representative sample of public middle schools (n = 112). Direct observation, …

Coverage And Payment For Prescription Drugs Under Medicare Part B: A Complex Patchwork, Amanda Cassidy

National Health Policy Forum

As part of the diverse discussions around health care reform, many have looked to refining Medicare payment systems as a way to give health care practitioners and providers greater incentives to deliver care more efficiently, and thus slow health care spending growth. Understanding how Medicare currently pays for Part B services, including drugs covered under Part B, is essential to understanding the potential impact of these types of reforms. Most items and services covered under Part B, including most Part B drugs, are paid individually, which means practitioners and providers generally receive more payments for providing more services. Some reform …

Stimulus Bill Implementation: Expanding Meaningful Use Of Health It, Rob Cunningham

National Health Policy Forum

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act authorizes an estimated $38 billion in incentives and supports for health information technology (IT) from 2009 to 2019. After years of sluggish health IT adoption, this crisis-driven investment of public funds creates a unique opportunity for rapid diffusion of a technology that is widely expected to improve care, save money, and facilitate transformation of the troubled U.S. health system. Achieving maximal effect from the stimulus funds is nevertheless a difficult challenge. The Recovery Act strengthens the federal government’s leadership role in promoting health IT. But successful adoption and utilization across the health system will …

Penilaian Kualitas Pelayanan Puskesmas Dengan Model Donabedian: Studi Kasus Puskesmas Di Kota Depok, Dian Ayubi

Kesmas

Perkembangan struktur sosio-demografi penduduk dan infrastruktur Kota Depok yang pesat berpengaruh terhadap masalah kesehatan yang semakin kompleks. Pada era desentralisasi, Dinas Kesehatan Pemerintah Kota Depok dituntut memberikan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat yang berkualitas antara lain melalui pelayanan kesehatan tingkat primer di puskesmas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mutu pelayanan puskesmas dan hubungan struktur dan proses terhadap hasil pelayanan puskesmas, kepuasan pelanggan. Survey di rumah responden dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2004, dalam wilayah kerja enam puskesmas kecamatan di Kota Depok. Populasi adalah semua penduduk yang bermukim di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan se-Kota Depok. Sampel adalah 300 rumah tangga yang tersebar di setiap kelurahan …

Masyarakat Depok Memilih Fogging Yang Tidak Dimengerti, Tri Krianto

Kesmas

Sampai kini, demam berdarah dengue masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang utama di Kota Depok. Hal tersebut terlihat pada jumlah kasus yang terus meningkat dan semua kelurahan sudah berkembang menjadi daerah endemis demam berdarah dengue yang dapat dicegah dengan mengendalikan vektor. Upaya pembersihan sarang nyamuk PSN 3M Plus adalah teknologi yang disarankan untuk mengendalikan kejadian demam berdarah dengue, tetapi belum mendapat dukungan pelaksanaan dari masyarakat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menggali informasi tentang pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek masyarakat dalam pengendalian vektor demam berdarah dengue di Kota Depok. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengendalian vektor DBD masih rendah, dan …

Pengaruh Kemiskinan Keluarga Pada Kejadian Pneumonia Balita Di Indonesia, Rizanda Machmud

Kesmas

Pneumonia merupakan penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan akut yang menjadi kausa utama kematian balita. Di Indonesia, pada akhir tahun 2000, angka kematian balita akibat pneumonia diperkirakan 4,9/1000 balita. Faktor sosio-ekonomi berkontribusi besar terhadap penyakit saluran pernapasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor sosio-ekonomi yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pneumonia pada balita. Penelitian dengan dengan disain krosseksional ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder Benefit Evaluation Study (BES) II oleh Pusat Penelitian Kesehatan Universitas Indonesia bekerja sama dengan Proyek Intensifikasi Pemberantasan Penyakit Menular, Departemen Kesehatan. Sampel diambil berdasarkan multilevel statistical frameworkdari 7.170 ba-lita pada 10.900 rumah tangga di 27 kabupaten di tujuh provinsi. Metode analisis …

Makanan Etnik Minahasa Dan Kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner, Grace Debbie Kandou

Kesmas

Penyakit jantung koroner yang menjadi kausa utama kematian di seluruh dunia merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia dan Sulawesi Utara. Kebiasaan makan yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor budaya, adat istiadat, agama dan kepercayaan berperan penting dalam proses kejadian penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kebiasaan makan etnik Minahasa terhadap kejadian penyakit jantung koroner. Penelitian di RSU Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou ini menggunakan disain studi kasus kontrol dengan ukuran sampel 128 kasus dan 128 kontrol. Data frekuensi makan dikumpulkan dengan Food Frequency Quationnaire (FFQ). Makanan etnik Minahasa ditentukan berdasarkan 41 jenis makanan yang dikompositkan. Asam lemak jenuh …

The Development And Evaluation Of Low-Load Resistance Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction As A Countermeasure To Muscular Unloading, Summer B. Cook

Dissertations - ALL

Future space exploration must overcome both scientific and non-scientific obstacles. In accordance with the mission statement of the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) (described in Chapter I), there were four major aims of these experiments. The first was to develop an exercise countermeasure to prevent muscle atrophy and weakness during simulated microgravity. The second and third aims were to determine the physiological adaptations in the knee extensor muscles and plantar flexor muscles following prolonged unloading in human subjects and to assess the effectiveness of the exercise countermeasure at preventing disuse atrophy. The final aim was to assess the relationship between …

Urogenital Abnormalities In Men Exposed To Diethylstilbestrol In Utero: A Cohort Study, Julie R. Palmer, Arthur L. Herbst, Kenneth L. Noller, Deborah A. Boggs, Rebecca Troisi, Linda Titus-Ernstoff, Elizabeth E. Hatch, Lauren A. Wise, William C. Strohsnitter, Robert N. Hoover

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen widely prescribed to pregnant women during the 1940s70s, has been shown to cause reproductive problems in the daughters. Studies of prenatally-exposed males have yielded conflicting results.

Methods: In data from a collaborative follow-up of three U.S. cohorts of DES-exposed sons, we examined the relation of prenatal DES exposure to occurrence of male urogenital abnormalities. Exposure status was determined through review of prenatal records. Mailed questionnaires (1994, 1997, 2001) asked about specified abnormalities of the urogenital tract. Risk ratios (RR) were estimated by Cox regression with constant time at risk and control for year of …