Public Health Commons^™

Early Childhood Care And Education For All In 2015: Is This A Mirage In Nigeria?, Esther A. Oduolowu

Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective

This paper examines the possibility of the provision of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) for all children from birth to age five in Nigeria by 2015. In the paper are the history of preschool education in Nigeria) situation of ECCE worldwide in the 1980s) and the, global trends in basic education in the 1990s. The paper also examines the limitations of the attempt and offers probable solutions.

Forced Migration And The Survival Needs Of The Nigerian Child, Ngozi Diwunma Obidike

Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective

This article identifies the survival needs of the forced migrant Nigerian child as well as the extent to which the identified needs are satisfied. The population consisted of 600 forced migrant children and 10 emergency workers who were chosen based on their experiences being forced migrants. A questionnaire was used for the study. The result showed) among other things, that although the need for food, clean water, education, peace, and shelter were identified as the five most essential needs, other needs were also identified as necessary for the children's survival. Based on the results, recommendations were made.

Students’ Willingness To Purchase Vegan Menu Items In The National School Lunch Program, Jill Eckart, Kathryn A. Strong, Darlene K. Moppert, Neal D. Barnard

Florida Public Health Review

Offering plant-based options in school lunches may help schools meet U.S. Department of Agriculture nutrient standards by providing students with options that are low in fat and cholesterol-free. Research indicates that well- planned vegetarian and vegan diets are appropriate for all ages and have certain health benefits; however, it is not clear whether students are willing to incorporate vegetarian foods into their diets. We assessed students’ willingness to purchase vegan menu items in school lunches and evaluate the nutrient profiles of vegan and nonvegan menu items offered. Vegan items were offered once per week for four weeks in elementary and …

Conditions D’Intégration Des Nouveaux Travailleurs Dans Le Secteur Minier : Une Étude Exploratoire, Sylvie Ouellet, Élise Ledoux, Esther Cloutier, Pierre-Sébastien Fournier

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cette étude de cas, menée dans deux entreprises minières, a permis de confirmer les défis de recrutement et d’intégration des nouveaux travailleurs que doivent relever les entreprises : l’une d’elles a dû renouveler 72 % de sa main-d’œuvre entre 2003 et 2008. Des mesures (rencontres d’information, formation sur les aspects de sécurité et compagnonnage) ont été mises en place pour accueillir et intégrer ces travailleurs. Or, la transmission des savoirs de métier repose essentiellement sur les bonnes intentions et les habiletés de communication des travailleurs expérimentés, ainsi que sur les conditions de formation ou de travail. Certaines de ces conditions …

Can Daytime Use Of Bed Nets Not Treated With Insecticide Reduce The Risk Of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Among Children In Vietnam?, Ataru Tsuzuki, Vu Dinh Thiem, Motoi Suzuki, Hideki Yanai, Toru Matsubayashi, Lay-Myint Yoshida, Le Huu Tho, Truong Tan Minh, Dang Duc Anh, Paul E. Kilgore, Masahiro Takagi, Koya Ariyoshi

Department of Pharmacy Practice

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bed net use and elucidate the effect of daytime bed net use on preventing dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) among children in Vietnam. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey and a matched case–control study in Khanh Hoa Province where not only some pre-schoolchildren but also some school children, who take a nap during lunch break prior to returning to school, used bed nets during the day. Among 36,901 children 2–10 years of age, most used untreated bed nets during the night (98.3%) compared with 8.4% during the day. The results …

Health Care Shortage Designations: Hpsa, Mua, And Tbd, Eileen Salinsky

National Health Policy Forum

A wide variety of federal programs designed to improve access to health care services rely on specific criteria to designate areas and populations eligible for funding and other types of aid. Two related yet distinct designations, the Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) and the Medically Underserved Area (MUA), are most commonly used to identify underserved people or places. This background paper reviews the methodologies currently utilized in these designations, identifies the federal programs that use these designations to allocate resources, describes proposals that have been advanced to consolidate and improve these designations, and discusses key issues and challenges for future …

Heath Care Spending: Why Is Miami An Outlier?, Laura A. Dummit, Mary Ellen Stahlman

National Health Policy Forum

The National Health Policy Forum’s site visit to Miami focused on the complex factors that drive health care spending and is the latest in a series on the dynamics of health care markets. Miami has long been recognized as having among the highest Medicare per capita spending in the country, along with high rates of uninsured, strong managed care presence, and a history of health care fraud. This colorful health care market brings into stark relief many of the reasons for high and growing health care spending across the country. It also highlights several issues involved in building and maintaining …

A Comparison Of 1978 And 2006 Peak Pollen Seasons And Sampling Methods In Missoula, Montana, Kelly L. Crispen, Donald N. Gillespie, Emily C. Weiler, Curtis W. Noonan, Raymond F. Hamilton, Tony Ward

Public and Community Health Sciences Faculty Publications

A study was conducted in Missoula, Montana to compare local pollen counts from 1978 with those measured nearly 30 years later in 2006 using two different measurement techniques (Durham gravimetric sampler and a Burkard volumetric sampler). Trends in peak pollen times measured during the spring, summer and autumn, respectively, were compared between the two years by Pearson’s correlation and frequency of occurrence of plant genus. Meteorological conditions were also examined during each of the two study periods.

In comparing the two years, there was a statistically significant linear association between the different counts for the months of April through August, …

Urinary Levoglucosan As A Biomarker For Wood Smoke: Results Of Human Exposure Studies, Megan Ann Bergauff, Tony Ward, Curtis W. Noonan, Christopher T. Migliaccio, Christopher D. Simpson, Ashley R. Evanoski, Christopher P. Palmer

Public and Community Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Urinary levoglucosan was investigated as a potential biomarker for wood smoke exposure in two different controlled experimental settings. Nine subjects were exposed to smoke from a campfire in a controlled setting and four were exposed to smoke from an older model wood stove. All subjects were asked to provide urine samples before and after exposure, and to wear personal PM_2.5 monitors during the exposure. Urinary levoglucosan measurements from both studies showed no consistent response to the smoke exposure. A third experiment was conducted to assess the contribution of dietary factors to urinary levoglucosan levels. Nine subjects were asked to …

Chhs June Enewsletter, Dr. John Bonaguro, Dean, Vashon S. Wells, Editor, Wku College Of Health & Human Services

College of Health & Human Services Publications

No abstract provided.

Human Coronaviruses Are Uncommon In Patients With Gastrointestinal Illness, Frank Esper, Zhen Ou, Yung T. Huang

Faculty Scholarship

BACKGROUND: Coronaviruses infect numerous animal species causing a variety of illnesses including respiratory, neurologic and enteric disease. Human coronaviruses (HCoV) are mainly associated with respiratory tract disease but have been implicated in enteric disease. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency of coronaviruses in stool samples from children and adults with gastrointestinal illness by RT-PCR. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical samples submitted for infectious diarrhea testing were collected from December 2007 through March 2008. RNA extraction and RT-PCR was performed for stools negative for Clostridium difficile using primer sets against HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1. Clinical data from samples positive for coronaviruses were reviewed …

Early Childhood Professional Development: A Synthesis Of Recent Research, Allyson Dean

Children, Youth, & Families

This literature review explores the current status of research on the impacts of investments in different types of professional development in early child care settings.

Workers Killed While Collecting Solid Waste, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Kentucky Haz Alerts--Motor Vehicle

To prevent solid waste collection injuries:

• An applicable worker safety program should be established
• Before the solid waste truck is moved, visible hand signal communication between the driver and tipper should be established
• A standard operating procedure (SOP) should be established for stacking dumpsters as a result of a job hazard analysis
• A drug testing program should be incorporated in a worker safety program
• Pre-trip and post-trip vehicle inspections should be performed
• An ANSI ISEA 107-1999 safety vest should be worn at all times when on duty
• Do not ride on the steps if the truck is going faster than …

Childhood Obesity: Prevention & Intervention, Carrie Beth Lossing

Psychology and Child Development

Childhood obesity rates have skyrocketed in the recent years. These trends are alarming since childhood obesity has been linked to numerous health conditions, socioemotional consequences, and academic consequences. This project examines the factors that have been associated with childhood obesity and the consequences of being obese or overweight for children. This project also presents lifestyle changes that parents can make to reduce the likelihood of their children becoming overweight or obese.

Promoting Physical Activity In Afterschool Programs, Aaron Beighle, Michael W. Beets, Heather E. Erwin, Jennifer Huberty, Justin B. Moore, Megan Stellino

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Public Infrastructure And Household Characteristics On Inequality And Infant Mortality In Mexico: What Has Changed Between 1990 And 2005?, Richard S. Meindl, Jose Antonio Roldan Amaro, Cynthia Thompson, Tremaine L. Gregory, Marcela Alvarez Izazaga, Gabriel Saucedo Arteaga

Peer Reviewed Articles

The reduction of infant mortality (IM) continues to be a primary goal throughout much of the developing world, and a suite of methods have been proposed with which to achieve it. However, most attempts at IM reduction have taken place within the context of an almost bewilderingly complex regimen of simultaneous changes occurring in the physical environment, sociopolitical structure, and health care. Which of these various elements is truly causal in reducing IM and which may be merely a correlated but nonprimary agent? During the past two decades Mexico has constituted an extraordinary field laboratory with which to decipher the …

Commencement Program 2010, Loma Linda University

Commencement Programs

CONTENTS

1 | Message from the President

3 | 2010 Events of Commencement

4 | The Academic Procession

6 | Significance of Academic Regalia

8 | The Good Samaritan

9 | University History Highlights

11 | Loma Linda University Song - "Healing Love"

12 | The Speakers

22 | The University Honorees

36 | The School Honorees

59 | The Programs

• School of Medicine, 60
• School of Pharmacy, 77
• School of Dentistry, 83
• School of Science and Technology and School of Religion, 99
• School of Nursing, 112
• School of Allied Health Professions - Physical Therapy, 121
• School of Allied Health …

Factores Predictivos De Infección Para Estrongiloidosis En Pacientes Procedentes De Áreas Urbanas [Predictive Factors For Strongyloidiasis Infection In Patients From Urban Areas], Nathalie Chacon, Carmen Durán, María Josefina Rossomando

Physician Assistant Studies Faculty Publications

La estrongiloidosis constituye una enfermedad endémica de países en regiones tropicales y subtropicales y es menos ocurrente en países desarrollados donde se informa de casos esporádicos procedentes de países endémicos. Este trabajo persiguió investigar los factores de riesgo que permitieran predecir esta infección en pacientes urbanos en un país endémico para estrongiloidosis, así como también determinar la ocurrencia de las coinfecciones parasitarias para la enfermedad. Se estudiaron prospectivamente 2 815 pacientes de la Sección de Geohelmintiasis del Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, desde enero de 2006 hasta julio de 2009, a los que se les realizó estudio …

Atención Hospitalaria De La Leishmaniosis Tegumentaria Americana En Los Miembros Inferiores, Pedro Navarro, Linda Lugo, María Antonia De La Parte, Luis Alfonso Colmenares Suárez, Nathalie Chacon, Amando Martin, Sylvia Silva, Jorge Schuller, Eduardo Salas, Adayza Figueredo

Physician Assistant Studies Faculty Publications

La leishmaniosis tegumentaria americana (LTA) como enfermedad endémica crónica continúa afectando a la población del medio rural venezolano, ocasionándole morbilidad y limitaciones laborales. Mediante la descripción de casos clínicos se evaluaron 38 pacientes con LTA que recibieron atención hospitalaria por úlceras leishmánicas en miembros inferiores. De los pacientes descritos 63 % eran niños, 84 % procedía del Estado Miranda, 66 % tenía una lesión ulcerosa única, 45 % recibió cefadroxilo previo al tratamiento antiparasitario específico y el 24 % había recibido inmunoterapia previa para la enfermedad. Treinta y siete pacientes (97 %) recibieron antimoniato de meglumina en series terapéuticas de …

Stressors And Coping Mechanisms Of Married Female Physicians : A Qualitative Review, Eva Marie Starner

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Female physicians live and work in a very complex world fraught with professional demands and personal challenges. Twenty-seven married female physicians were interviewed for this study to assess demands and stressors endemic to them and to determine how they manage them. The breadth of this study looked at the demands and stressors of the female physician from the perspective of her work environment, home and family responsibilities, parenting responsibilities, and self-imposed demands in her perceived roles as a working wife and mother. Two main categories emerged during the development of grounded theory: System Challenge and System Adaptation. Additionally, work demands, …

Association Between Obesity, Depression, And Inflammation Among Seventh-Day Adventists In The Biopsychosocial Religion And Health Study, Michael Paalani

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effects of obesity and depression on morbidity and mortality may be mediated by inflammatory processes. Homeostasis within the immune system depends on a balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine molecules, so chronic inflammatory diseases may result from cytokine dysregulation. The target population consisted of 508 Seventh Day Adventists (SDAs) who participated in the Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Study (BHRS), a sub-study of the Adventist Health Study-2. The study was a cross-sectional analysis of the association between obesity, depression, and inflammation after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, health behavioral, and health status variables among BHRS participants.

Obesity was assessed by body …

Emergency Department Staff Adherence To Bad News Delivery Recommendations, Kristen R. Myers

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Emergency department (ED) staff is responsible for giving bad news regarding death, diagnoses, and other traumatic losses to patients and loved ones. Individuals receiving traumatic and sudden bad news are at increased risk of serious psychological and physiological consequences of disrupted grief. Despite published recommended practices for providers to help prevent maladaptive grief responses, little research is available on actual bad news delivery practices and factors promoting or hindering adherence to recommendations, and no study specifically explored the ED context.

The study used a qualitative design to explore bad news delivery practices, awareness of recommendations, factors perceived to hinder or …

Psychosocial Factors Associated With Nicotine Dependence Among College Students : Are There Differences Between Social And Regular Smokers?, Devan Rae Romero

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background. Cigarette smoking, the primary source of tobacco used by adults 18-25, has remained stable, at around 21-25%, in the college population since 2003. Many college students report their smoking as primarily a “social” behavior, which may reflect an emerging type of smoker. Ambiguity exists in defining and categorizing smokers in the college population.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial perceptions related to smoking among college students who currently smoke and those who do not smoke, and among different types of smokers. In addition, validation of self-reported smoking behavior with saliva cotinine was conducted in …

Evaluating Microfossil Content Of Dental Calculus From Brazilian Sambaquis, Verônica Wesolowski, Sheila Maria Ferraz Mendonça De Souza, Karl Reinhard, Gregório Ceccantini

Karl Reinhard Publications

To date, limited numbers of dental calculus samples have been analyzed by researchers in diverse parts of the world. The combined analyses of these have provided some general guidelines for the analysis of calculus that is non-destructive to archaeological teeth. There is still a need for a quantitative study of large numbers of calculus samples to establish protocols, assess the level of contamination, evaluate the quantity of microfossils in dental calculus, and to compare analysis results with the literature concerning the biology of calculus formation. We analyzed dental calculus from 53 teeth from four Brazilian sambaquis. Sambaquis are the shellmounds …

Prevalence Of Obesity, Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, And Hypertension In The United States: Findings From The Ge Centricity Electronic Medical Record Database., Albert G Crawford, Christine Cote, Joseph Couto, Mehmet Daskiran, Candace Gunnarsson, Kara Haas, Sara Haas, Somesh C Nigam, Rob Schuette

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

This study analyzed GE Centricity Electronic Medical Record (EMR) data to examine the effects of body mass index (BMI) and obesity, key risk factor components of metabolic syndrome, on the prevalence of 3 chronic diseases: type II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. These chronic diseases occur with high prevalence and impose high disease burdens. The rationale for using Centricity EMR data is 2-fold. First, EMRs may be a good source of BMI/obesity data, which are often underreported in surveys and administrative databases. Second, EMRs provide an ideal means to track variables over time and, thus, allow longitudinal analyses of relationships …

Comparison Of Ge Centricity Electronic Medical Record Database And National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Findings On The Prevalence Of Major Conditions In The United States., Albert G. Crawford, Christine Cote, Joseph Couto, Mehmet Daskiran, Candace Gunnarsson, Kara Haas, Sara Haas, Somesh C Nigam, Rob Schuette, Joseph Yaskin

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

The study objective was to facilitate investigations by assessing the external validity and generalizability of the Centricity Electronic Medical Record (EMR) database and analytical results to the US population using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) data and results as an appropriate validation resource. Demographic and diagnostic data from the NAMCS were compared to similar data from the Centricity EMR database, and the impact of the different methods of data collection was analyzed. Compared to NAMCS survey data on visits, Centricity EMR data shows higher proportions of visits by younger patients and by females. Other comparisons suggest more acute …

A History And One Or Two Things I’Ve Learned, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Handle Characteristics Of A Hammer Stapler On Biomechanical And Physiological Response, Wayne Latta

Theses

Frequent and prolonged use of an improperly designed hand tool not only affects productivity but may also cause painful symptoms which, if left untreated, can develop into chronic musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study was undertaken to assess the effects of ergonomic guidelines related to grip characteristics of a hammer stapler. Specifically, surface composition, shape, and angle of grip were investigated. Three commercially available hammer staplers were selected for this study. Tool #1 had a basic grip design, Tool #2 had a somewhat improved grip design, and Tool #3 incorporated most of the ergonomic design guidelines in terms of grip surface, …

Effectiveness Of Safety Training, Mayeanna Kamara

Theses

The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of safety training modalities which are specifically designed for the non unionized workers in the construction industry. The main hypothesis is to determine whether multimodal and extended training improves the effectiveness of the learning aspects and safety consciousness among the trainees. The study conducted a literature survey on the factors that affects safety outcomes in construction industry, especially for the non unionized workers. The study developed a survey instrument to evaluate effectiveness of safety training. This study intended to prove that a video training is not enough and that hands …

Should Health Policy Focus On Physical Activity Rather Than Obesity?, Richard Weller, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Steven N. Blair, Timothy P. Gill, Louise A. Baur, Lesley A. King

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.