Public Health Commons^™

Prevalence And Risk Factors Associated With Hiv/Hepatitis B And Hiv/Hepatitis C Co-Infections Among People Who Inject Drugs In Mozambique, Cynthia Semá Baltazar, Makini Boothe, Timothy Kellogg, Paulino Ricardo, Isabel Sathane, Erika Fazito, Henry F. Raymond, Marleen Temmerman, Stanley Luchters

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: There is scare information about HIV co-infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in Mozambique. This information is critical to ensure the treatment necessary to decrease the progression of liver disease and the transmission of both HIV and hepatitis. We assess the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV co-infections as well as associated risk factors among PWID.

Methods: The first Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Survey was conducted in 2013-2014 among persons who self-reported to have ever injected drugs. Using respondent-driven sampling, PWID aged 18 years and older were recruited …

Medical Cannabis In New York State, David Steven Younger

Dissertations and Theses

Background: In July 2014, New York State became the 23rd state to legalize marijuana (“cannabis”) for medical consumption under the New York State Medical Marijuana Program (“Program”). Three years later, during his Executive budget address, the NYS Governor, Honorable Cuomo, directed the Department of Health in consultation with other NYS agencies, to evaluate the experience, consequences and effects of legalized marijuana in neighboring states and territories, and to review the health, criminal justice and economic impacts of regulating marijuana use. That report concluded that the positive effects of a regulated marijuana market outweighed the potential negative impacts.

Objective: This dissertation …

The Cascade Of Care In Managing Hypertension In The Arab World: A Systematic Assessment Of The Evidence On Awareness, Treatment And Control, Christelle Akl, Chaza Akik, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer

Faculty Publications

Background:

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for mortality and morbidity globally and in the Arab world. We summarize the evidence on awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, to assess the extent of gaps in the hypertension continuum of care. We also assess the influence of gender and other social determinants at each level of the cascade of care.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE and SSCI databases for studies published between 2000 and 2017, reporting the rates of awareness, treatment or control of hypertension and/or their determinants in the Arab region. We included sources on both general populations and on clinical …

The House We Built In Challenging The Status Quo: House And Ballroom Community Leadership And Health Justice, Jennifer Lee

Dissertations and Theses

Background: The House Ballroom Community (HBC), an underground queer subculture, has been leading actions in large urban cities throughout the Unites States to address health inequities exacerbated by stigma, systemic neglect, and economic disparities, such as the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The HBC is an inventive and dynamic space that posits new leadership paradigms for health equity and health justice, where collective actions and their resulting social impact center the embodied knowledge of their members to create social change.

Methods: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) was a fundamental method and framework for each of the studies (Aims 1, 2, and 3). The meaningful …

The Role Of Agency In Early And Unwanted Adolescent Pregnancy: A Multi Country Analysis, Katharine Mccarthy

Dissertations and Theses

Purpose. The agency to decide one’s reproductive future is paramount, yet an estimated 75 percent of adolescent girls in the United States (U.S.) and 49 percent of those in low and middle-income countries experience mistimed or unwanted pregnancy. This dissertation characterized empirical representations of agency over the course of adolescence and investigated the relationship between agency and early and unwanted pregnancy and childbearing using data from three countries (India, Zambia and the U.S.).

Methods. Using latent class and latent transition analysis, multi-dimensional profiles of adolescent agency were assessed using data from: (1) a state representative cross-sectional cohort study of adolescents …

Agnostic Search For Metabolites Causally Implicated In Alzheimer's Disease, Sal P. Leggio

Dissertations and Theses

This paper uses two sample Mendelian randomizations to conduct an agnostic search of the metabolic GWAS published by Tao Long and co-workers. GWAS for AD from IGAP and from UK Biobank were used for outcomes. The author uses two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to test for causal relationships between common blood metabolites and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). First, estimates for a set of 22 metabolites which are statistically significant for both outcome GWAS are determined. Egger regression, Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MRPRESSO), and weighted median regression are used as sensitivity checks. AD shares risk factors with both heart …

2020-06-02_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 183 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (132 Emergency Departments (ED), 51 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, and clinical impression) for fever or …

Factors Affecting Clinical Research Enrollment Among Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease And Related Dementias, Nicole Grace Bouranis

Dissertations and Theses

The need to increase ADRD research participation has become more pressing as the prevalence of ADRD increases. Nearly 70,000 Oregonians and 7 million people in the United States live with ADRD, and this number is expected to increase by 200% by 2050 without identification of an intervention to halt its increase. Developing mechanisms for effective care and treatment depends on implementing research with numerous participants. Historically, ADRD research programs have had difficulty recruiting and enrolling individuals into studies for a variety of reasons. Given low recruitment rates, the interest in researching and evaluating effective strategies to recruit specifically for ADRD …

Life In The Time Of Covid, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Healthcare Workers In The Time Of Covid, Julio A. Ramirez, Ruth Carrico

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

2020-06-02_Michiganoverview_Covidbedppe, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Hospital Data

The webpage was obtained from Michigan's Coronavirus Cumulative Data page, under the link Data About Places. Data is self-reported by hospitals daily to the EM Resource System per MDHHS Director Robert Gordon's Emergency Order.

Contains the tables Statewide Available Bed Tracking for COVID-19, COVID-19 Metrics, Statewide Available PPE Tracking for COVID-19 (Statewide Available PPE and Bed Tracking), as well as the tables PPE Days On Hand and Patient Census.

2020-06-02_Michiganoverview_Covidcounts, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Confirmed Cases by Date of Onset Data

Data was captured from the Cumulative Data link of Michigan's Coronavirus webpage, under the url https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98163_98173_99207---,00.html.

The website contained the table Count of Confirmed COVID-19 Cases by Date of Onset , sorted by Michigan Preparedness Region. It also contained 18 charts, including the count of confirmed Covid-19 cases by date of onset in the state overall as well as in each preparedness region,and the normalized rate of Covid-19 cases per 1,000,000 residents in both the state and in each preparedness region.

2020-06-02_Michiganoverview_Covidstats, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Cumulative Michigan COVID-19 Data

The COVID Overview page was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https:/www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98163-520743--,00.html. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily at 3p.m., with COVID-19 results included as of 10 a.m.

Note on cumulative counts: This report is provisional and subject to change. As public health investigations of individual cases continue, there will be corrections to the status and details of referred cases that result in changes to this report. City of Detroit and Wayne County are reported separately.
Note on the deaths: Deaths must be reported by health care …

2020-06-02_Michigandaily_Covidmap, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Daily Michigan COVID-19 Update

The "WHERE WE STAND WITH COVID-19" map was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily at 3p.m., Monday - Saturday.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled.

The image contained a map, indicating total cases by county, and also provides statistics on Total Confirmed Cases, Total COVID-19 Deaths, Daily Confirmed Cases, and Daily COVID-19 Deaths. There …

Psychosocial Impacts And Employment Preparedness Of Participating In An Hiv Peer Program: Implications For Tailoring A Vocational Counseling Model For Plwh, Erin R. Mckinney-Prupis

Dissertations and Theses

Background:

Medical advancements in HIV care should have reduced barriers to employment for PLWH, yet in 2017 only 47.7% of PLWH reported being employed, as compared to 62.9% in the general population. Employment is a significant social determinant of health, it impacts a variety of factors related to health, including earned income, access to healthcare, and social connectedness. Quantitative and qualitative studies have identified several concerns PLWH have about entering the workforce; the most pressing being fear of losing benefits. Targeted work readiness programs for PLWH is an important approach to help PLWH overcome their unique barriers to work, such …

Associations Between Variations In Breast Anatomy And Early Breastfeeding Challenges, Alison K. Ventura, Brittany Lore, Olga Mireles

Kinesiology and Public Health

Background: Mothers with anatomic variability (e.g., shorter, wider nipples; denser areolas) may experience breastfeeding challenges disproportionately.

Research aim: To examine whether variations in breast anatomy are associated with risk for early breastfeeding challenges.

Methods: Participants included mothers < 6 weeks postpartum. Nipple base width, nipple length, and areolar density were measured on the right and left breast separately. Experiences with early breastfeeding challenges were determined through a combination of maternal report and clinical assessment.

Results: Participants (N = 119) had an average nipple diameter of 23.4 (SD = 3.0) mm for left nipples and 23.5 (SD = 3.0) mm for right nipples (range = 10–34 mm). Average nipple length was 8.5 (SD = 3.2) mm for left breasts and 9.1 (SD = 3.2) mm for right breasts (range = 5–20 mm); 35% of participants had dense areolas …

Sexual And Reproductive Health Outcomes In Women By Dimensions Of Sexual Orientation: An Examination Of 2011-2017 National Survey Of Family Growth Data, Lauren Porsch

Dissertations and Theses

Background: Sexual minority women experience disparities in sexual and reproductive health outcomes including higher rates of certain STIs, lower engagement in preventive sexual health behaviors, and higher rates of unintended pregnancy compared to their non sexual minority counterparts. Much prior research on sexual minority women’s health has been limited by incomplete or inconsistent definitions of sexual minority status, and has failed to consider sexual orientation branchedness as a risk factor.

Method: Using pooled National Survey of Family Growth data, survey cycles 2011-2013, 2013-2015, and 2015-2017, we performed bivariate and multivariable logistic and multinomial regression analyses to estimate the independent associations …

Investigating The Impact Of The Nursing Practice Environment (Npe) On Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (Clabsi) Among Older Adults In The Intensive Care Unit (Icu), Kristen A. Cribbs

Dissertations and Theses

Background: Health care–associated infections, resulting from treatment received for medical or surgical conditions in a health care setting, represent a critical public health and patient safety issue, exacting substantial medical, social, and economic costs. The costliest among the leading causes of preventable health care-associated infections is central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), to which older adults (age 65 years and older) are particularly susceptible, especially during intensive care unit (ICU) stays. A rich body of research has empirically linked the quality of the nursing practice environment (NPE) in hospitals to both positive and negative patient outcomes; yet, surprisingly few studies have …

The Social Construction Of Deservedness In Medicaid Eligibility Design: A Qualitative Content Analysis Of State Policy Responses To The Affordable Care Act, Carmina Bernardo

Dissertations and Theses

When the U.S Supreme Court in 2012 ruled that the federal government could not withhold Medicaid funding from states that did not expand Medicaid to low income, non-disabled adults under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), Medicaid expansion became a state option. By the end of 2015, nineteen states had not expanded Medicaid, excluding about 2.5 million individuals from affordable health coverage and access to care. Prior research explored the reasons certain states expanded or did not expand Medicaid, but state decisions did not always result in one of these binary outcomes. There were four policy responses to the ACA’s Medicaid …

Impacts Of Rift Valley Fever Virus: A One Health Approach To Assess Burden And Inform Prevention And Control Options, Catherine Machalaba

Dissertations and Theses

Background: Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a climate-sensitive emerging zoonotic disease associated with large-scale livestock production losses and human disease burden in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. While recognized as a key One Health issue based on its transmission dynamics involving human, animal and environmental determinants, there has been poor coordination between sectors to reduce the risk and impact of RVF. Efforts to counter the disease remain largely reactive, presenting an ongoing threat to local and global health security. The intent of this dissertation was to improve understanding of the burden of RVF across society and to identify entry …

An Assessment Of Potential Causal Pathways Between Two Autoimmune Diseases: Mendelian Randomization Studies Of Rheumatoid Arthritis And Crohn’S Disease; And A Phenome-Wide Association Study To Assess Potential New Targets For Tocilizumab, An Interleukin-6 Inhibitor, Staci Abramsky Risman

Dissertations and Theses

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are two among a group of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). These diseases are common, collectively affecting as many as two million Americans and as many as 28 million people worldwide. They have different clinical presentations but may have a common pathogenesis. An over-expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been proffered as a causal factor for IMIDs. These and other IMIDs may co-occur in patients, and it has been shown that patients with one IMID may have an increased risk of another IMID. What is not clear is whether …

An Evaluation Of Respiratory Exacerbation In New York City Given Current Trends In Climate Variability And Predictive Sociodemographic Factors, Sarah L.R. Kuril

Dissertations and Theses

Background: Within the last century, the massive increase in emissions due to economic growth has made climate variability a major problem for many of the industrialized countries and an emerging problem for the rest of the world. With an increasing number of extreme weather events, such as heat waves, cold fronts, floods, heavy rain, and storms, individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma remain a vulnerable population, placing them at highest risk of respiratory exacerbation. This dissertation aims to contribute to our understanding of how climate variability, which can influence patterns of rainfall, temperature and other variables on …

An Evaluation Of A Web-Based Tool To Improve Feeding Practices And The Home Environment Among Parents Of Low-Income Minority Preadolescents At-Risk For Childhood Obesity, Katrina F. Mateo

Dissertations and Theses

Background: Web-based/mHealth interventions may be an engaging approach to promote positive dietary-related behaviors among parents of youth at-risk for childhood obesity. Importantly, childhood obesity research highlights the role of parents as a key support mechanism in improving child dietary outcomes. Intervention INC is a childhood obesity intervention that comprises a unique, interactive web-based child nutrition comic aimed at improving dietary behaviors among urban Black/African American (AA) and Latino preadolescents, and also weekly online parent newsletters (with feeding tips, healthy printable recipes, links to coupons to support healthy eating/feeding and health-promoting local/community events, and access to the child nutrition comic) to …

2020-06-01/02 Daily Unm Global Health Covid-19 Briefing, Christophe G. Lambert, Shawn Stoicu, Ingrid Hendrix, Lori D. Sloane, Mari Anixter, Anastasiya Nestsiarovich, Praveen Kumar, Nicolas Lauve, Jenny Situ, Alexandra Yingling, Kristine Tollestrup, Orrin Myers, Douglas J. Perkins

HSC Covid 19 Briefings

Executive Summary:

NM Highlights: New public health order. First coronavirus death in state prison. NM case count. ABQ black lives matter protest. Santa Fe Fiesta canceled. U2 drummer donated to Navajo. US Highlights: Americans’ COVID-19 survey. Immunity for essential businesses in 4 states. International Highlights: Tiananmen Square closed to vigil. Shared approaches helpful for Africa. Economics, Workforce, Supply Chain, PPE: Face masks effective. Distance and Mask combined key to success. Economic effect on dental practice. Dow predicted to fall before new high. Epidemiology Highlights: Other causes of death increase. Virus not losing potency. Protests may spread virus. Wastewater surveillance. Healthcare …

Enhancing Global Health Communication During A Crisis: Lessons From The Covid-19 Pandemic, Scott C. Ratzan, Silvia Sommarivac, Lauren Rauh

Publications and Research

Background/objective: The understanding and practice of public health crisis communication are improved through the study of responses to past crises, but require retooling for present challenges. The ‘Addressing Ebola and other outbreaks’ checklist contains guiding principles built upon maxims developed from a World Health Organization consultation in response to the mad cow (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) crisis that were later adopted for Ebola. The purpose of this article is to adapt the checklist for the health communication challenges and public health practices that have emerged during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The communication challenges of promoting vaccine acceptance are used …

2020-06-01_Michigandaily_Covidmap, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Daily Michigan COVID-19 Update

The "WHERE WE STAND WITH COVID-19" map was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily at 3p.m., Monday - Saturday.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled.

The image contained a map, indicating total cases by county, and also provides statistics on Total Confirmed Cases, Total COVID-19 Deaths, Daily Confirmed Cases, and Daily COVID-19 Deaths. There …

Measuring The Tourism Impact Of Covid-19, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

The initial lockdown in Wuhan in China’s Hubei province, the rise of infection cases and subsequent lockdowns in individual markets all contributed to a reduction in travel and booking activities, according to a new study conducted by The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK). However, different regions showed different sensitivity to COVID-19.

Leading In The Time Of Covid-19, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

From planning well into the future to planning four weeks in advance, Ayala Corporation’s Chairman and CEO adjusted aggressively to navigate an unprecedented crisis.

Remaking Retail In The Time Of Covid-19, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

Short of the successful development of a COVID-19 vaccine, the sight of retail stores re-opening for business is probably the best mood lifter. Not only do lockdown-weary consumers reclaim some vestige of normalcy, businesses reeling from months of decimated income can stem the red ink and perhaps even get back into the black.

The Road Ahead For Global Supply Chains, Singapore Management University, Victor Fung

Perspectives@SMU

Technology, geopolitics, and COVID-19 could lead to a total reinvention of how goods move around the world