Public Health Commons^™

Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Loneliness And Social Isolation: A Multi-Country Study, Roger O’Sullivan, Annette Burns, Gerard Leavey, Iracema Leroi, Vanessa Burholt, James Lubben, Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Christina Victor, Brian Lawlor, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Carla M. Perissinotto, Mark A. Tully, Mary Pat Sullivan, Michael Rosato, Joanna Mchugh Power, Elisa Tiilikainen, Thomas R. Prohaska

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

The COVID-19 global pandemic and subsequent public health social measures have challenged our social and economic life, with increasing concerns around potentially rising levels of social isolation and loneliness. This paper is based on cross-sectional online survey data (available in 10 languages, from 2 June to 16 November 2020) with 20,398 respondents from 101 different countries. It aims to help increase our understanding of the global risk factors that are associated with social isolation and loneliness, irrespective of culture or country, to support evidence-based policy, services and public health interventions. We found the prevalence of severe loneliness was 21% during …

La Migración Como Determinante De La Obesidad Infantil En Estados Unidos Y Latinoamérica, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Arturo V. Bustamante, Nancy López-Olmedo, Pablo Gaitán-Ross, Jaqueline Torres, Karen E. Peterson, Graciela Teruel, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

La migración internacional tiene consecuencias económicas y en la salud. El proceso de aculturación en el país de acogida puede estar relacionado con la obesidad infan-til. Utilizamos el marco conceptual del balance energético comunitario (CEB, por sus siglas en inglés) para analizar la relación entre migración y obesidad infantil en los hogares mexicanos con migrantes internacionales. Utilizando datos longitudinales de la Encuesta Nacional de Niveles de Vida de los Hogares de México (ENNViH), exami-namos cómo influyen las redes de migrantes sobre la obesidad infantil en las comuni-dades de origen. También revisamos programas de salud binacionales que podrían ser eficaces para …

Initial Laparotomy Versus Peritoneal Drainage In Extremely Low Birthweight Infants With Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis Or Isolated Intestinal Perforation: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial, Martin L Blakely, Jon E Tyson, Kevin P Lally, Susan R Hintz, Barry Eggleston, David K Stevenson, Gail E Besner, Abhik Das, Robin K Ohls, William E Truog, Leif D Nelin, Brenda B Poindexter, Claudia Pedroza, Michele C Walsh, Barbara J Stoll, Rachel Geller, Kathleen A Kennedy, Reed A Dimmitt, Waldemar A Carlo, C Michael Cotten, Abbot R Laptook, Krisa P Van Meurs, Kara L Calkins, Gregory M Sokol, Pablo J Sanchez, Myra H Wyckoff, Ravi M Patel, Ivan D Frantz, Seetha Shankaran, Carl T D'Angio, Bradley A Yoder, Edward F Bell, Kristi L Watterberg, Colin A Martin, Carroll M Harmon, Henry Rice, Arlet G Kurkchubasche, Karl Sylvester, James C Y Dunn, Troy A Markel, Diana L Diesen, Amina M Bhatia, Alan Flake, Walter J Chwals, Rebeccah Brown, Kathryn D Bass, Shawn D St Peter, Christina M Shanti, Walter Pegoli, David Skarda, Joel Shilyansky, David G Lemon, Ricardo A Mosquera, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, Ricki F Goldstein, Betty R Vohr, Isabell B Purdy, Abbey C Hines, Nathalie L Maitre, Roy J Heyne, Sara B Demauro, Elisabeth C Mcgowan, Kimberly Yolton, Howard W Kilbride, Girija Natarajan, Kelley Yost, Sarah Winter, Tarah T Colaizy, Matthew M Laughon, Satyanarayana Lakshminrusimha, Rosemary D Higgins, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health And Human Development Neonatal Research Network

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine which initial surgical treatment results in the lowest rate of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or isolated intestinal perforation (IP).

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The impact of initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage for NEC or IP on the rate of death or NDI in extremely low birth weight infants is unknown.

METHODS: We conducted the largest feasible randomized trial in 20 US centers, comparing initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage. The primary outcome was a composite of death or NDI at 18 to 22 months corrected …

The Payvider: An Evolving Model., Zachary N. Goldberg, David B. Nash

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Association Between Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure And The Efficacy Of Intensive Vs Standard Blood Pressure-Lowering Therapy, Andrew J Foy, Edward J Filippone, Eric Schaefer, Matt Nudy, Mohammed Ruzieh, Anne-Marie Dyer, Vernon M Chinchilli, Gerald V Naccarelli

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Importance: Low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) has been found to be associated with increased adverse cardiovascular events; however, it is unknown whether intensifying blood pressure therapy in patients with an already low DBP to achieve a lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) target is safe or effective.

Objective: To evaluate whether there is an association of baseline DBP and intensification of blood pressure-lowering therapy with the outcomes of all-cause death and cardiovascular events.

Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study analyzed patients who were randomized to intensive or standard BP control in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes-Blood Pressure …

Columbia Law School's Era Project Files Amicus Brief With Pa Supreme Court Explaining Why Banning Public Funding For Abortion Violates The State Era, Center For Gender And Sexuality Law

Center for Gender & Sexuality Law

On October 13, 2021, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Project at Columbia Law School submitted an amicus — or friend of the court — brief with the Pennsylvania Supreme Court explaining why a state ban on public funding for abortion is a form of sex discrimination, in violation of the state’s Equal Rights Amendment. In the brief filed in Allegheny Reproductive Health Center v. Pennsylvania Department of Human Services, the ERA Project provided the Court with an overview of how the denial of reproductive health care in general, and access to abortion in particular, has been found by the …

Concerns Of Women Choosing Community Birth During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study, Sharon Bernecki Dejoy, Deborah Mandel, Niamh Mcfadden, Lauren Petrecca

Public Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Introduction During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, midwives have reported increased demand for community birth services. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand childbearing persons' decision-making during the pandemic and to illuminate their experiences giving birth in community settings. Methods The study was framed by the interpretive phenomenological approach. Eligible participants were recruited from midwives providing out-of-hospital birth services. Of the 26 women who agreed to an interview, 17 were able to be reached and interviewed. Interviews followed a semistructured guide. Early paradigm cases were coded by all researchers, and then the first author coded the remaining …

The Public Health Turn In Reproductive Rights, Rachel Rebouché

Washington and Lee Law Review

Over the last decade, public health research has demonstrated the short-term, long-term, and cumulative costs of delayed or denied abortion care. These costs are imposed on people who share common characteristics: abortion patients are predominantly low income and disproportionately people of color. Public health evidence, by establishing how law contributes to the scarcity of services and thereby entrenches health disparities, has vividly highlighted the connections between abortion access, race, and income. The contemporary attention to abortion law’s relationship to inequality is no accident: researchers, lawyers, and advocates have built an infrastructure for generating credible empirical studies of abortion restrictions’ effects. …

Cesarean Section: More Than A Maternal Health Issue, Marleen Temmerman, Abdu Mohiddin

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

A cesarean section (CS) can be a lifesaving intervention when medically indicated, but it may also lead to adverse short- and long-term health effects for women and children

Retention Of Nursing Assistants In Assisted Living Using Stay Interviews: A Qualitative Case Study, Daphne H. Dominguez

Doctor of Education (Ed.D)

The expectation of the impact of an aging population and the future availability of nursing staff is a significant challenge for senior living communities around the world. Lack of nursing staff retention has driven managers to hire quickly, denying residents living in long-term care communities the care they need. Exploratory, qualitative design, using case study research, was used for this study to learn what motivates resident care attendants (RCAs) to stay employed in assisted living communities of senior living. Richard Finnegan’s five stay interview questions were used to interview nine RCAs from various assisted living communities in Louisiana. The data …

Addressing And Supporting Mental Health Today: Society-Wide And In Hospital Emergency Departments, Kira La Sage

University Honors Theses

Mental health has become one of the most pressing public health issues of the 21st Century. Westernized societies offer much of their attention to childhood obesity, to COVID-19, to undiagnosed and diagnosed Americans living with diabetes. America even sees extended U.S. Senate hearings focusing on opioid use and abuse. Each of these concerns legitimately commands public health official attention, but what the world does not see is any level of sustainable attention given to emotional and mental health crises affecting tens of millions in Westernized countries. Suicide, the most serious of mental health crises, has become the second leading cause …

Understanding Community Health Volunteer Incentive Preferences In Kenya, Frontline Health Project, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School Of Public Health

Reproductive Health

In Kenya, community health services are implemented through community health units. Community health volunteers (CHVs) who serve these units are chosen by the community and trained by community health extension workers. This brief summarizes qualitative and quantitative findings from the Frontline Health project’s discrete choice experiment study in Kenya, which aimed to understand incentive preferences of CHVs with the aim of improving motivation, performance, and retention of CHVs.

Identifying Factors That Support Community Health Worker Motivation, Job Satisfaction, And Retention In Haiti, Frontline Health Project, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School Of Public Health

Reproductive Health

Community health workers (CHWs) play a critical role in Haiti’s health system, by connecting communities—particularly rural and hard-to-reach populations—to healthcare services. The Frontline Health project conducted a study to better understand the types of incentive structures that can best support the CHWs in Haiti and this brief summarizes those findings.

Frontline Health Achievements In Harmonizing Measurement And Generating Evidence On Community Health System Performance, Frontline Health Project

Reproductive Health

As the global health community demonstrates an increasing commitment to investing in community health workers (CHWs) to achieve universal health coverage in lower- and middle-income countries, the need to effectively measure community health system performance is paramount. Embedded in the Integrating Community Health partnership (2017–2021), with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Population Council and Last Mile Health co-led the Frontline Health (FLH) project, a four-year research, policy, and advocacy initiative aimed at developing core metrics and CHW reform processes, advancing their adoption, and promoting institutionalization of robust community health policies. This brief describes the Population Council’s …

Reinvigorating A Technical Countering Weapons Of Mass Destruction Distance Learning Graduate Certificate Program, James C. Petrosky, Gaiven Varshney, Jeremy Slagley, Sara Shaghaghi

Faculty Publications

Current Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (CWMD) demands can be divided broadly into policy and science. The science of chemical, biological, and radiological/nuclear weapons informs the limits of development, production, employment, operation, detection, risk characterization, human and material protection, and medical intervention. In short, the science of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) should precede and inform the development of policy. It is to this end that the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) CWMD program was re-established, providing a technical educational option for practitioners to understand the science behind a very technically challenging subject.

Covid Round 2: Workplace Support And Compassion Fatigue In Emergency Workers, Carlene A. Robinson, Kelly L. Sullivan

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Pubh 7090 03f: Quality Improvement In Healthcare & Pubilc Health, Linda Kimsey

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This course is an overview of the application of quality improvement (QI) in healthcare and public health settings. In both healthcare and public health, creating and maintaining a culture of continuous improvement is an essential component of an organization’s performance and is vital to achieving the Institute of Healthcare Improvement’s Triple Aim principles. After covering the history and theory of QI, this course introduces Lean, Six Sigma, and PDSA frameworks as well as the tools and techniques associated with the components of each. Practical application of tools will be emphasized using an A3 problem solving template with a case study …

Bios 6135: Topics Of Inferene In Biostatistics, Lili Yu

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

(taken from 2020-21 Course Catalog): This course provides an introduction to the fundamental knowledge of derivatives, integrals, and matrix algebra found in biostatistical inference. The course will introduce the theory of quadratic forms and their applications to distributions, the method of maximum likelihood estimation, likelihood ratio tests, restricted maximum likelihood, and the basis for inferences derived from hypothesis testing and confidence intervals. Emphasis will be placed on how these techniques are used in biostatistical problems and applications using examples from the pharmaceutical industry.

Bios 6331: Regression Analysis In Biostatistics, Jingjing Yin

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This course introduces the methods for analyzing biomedical and health related data using linear regression models. The course will introduce the student to some basic theories in linear models but would mainly focus on applied linear model fitting, regression parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. The course will involve model selection, diagnosis and remedial techniques to correct for assumption violations. The students will learn how to apply SAS procedures PROC REG, PROC CORR, and PROC GLM and interpret the results of analysis. Emphasis will also be placed on the development of critical thinking skills.

Bios 6531 - Categorical Data Analysis, Haresh Rochani Dr.

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

(taken from 2020‑21 Course Catalog): This course introduces statistical methods for analyzing both univariate and multivariate categorical data and count in medical research and other health-related fields. The course will introduce how to distinguish among the different measurement scales, the commonly used statistical probability distribution and inference methods for categorical and count data. Emphasis will be placed on the application of the methodology and computational aspects rather than theory. The students will learn how to apply SAS procedures to data and interpret the results.

Pubh 4798: Internship In Health Education And Promotion, Jamie S. Cromley

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This course provides the senior level Public Health majors with a practical experience in an appropriate practice setting. Students must complete all course work in the Public Health major prior to enrolling in this course.

Hspm 8233: Quantitative Research And Evaluation Methods, Bettye Apenteng

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This course introduces students to the fundamentals and practical application of quantitative methodologies for answering policy and policy-relevant health services research questions. It discusses foundational concepts related to study conceptualization, study design, data analysis and interpretation, and reporting. Topics covered in this course include foundations of health services and policy research, research design, sampling, measurement, univariate and bivariate analysis, regression, multilevel analysis, panel data analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Hands-on application of research methods is integrated throughout the course through the use of a statistical software application and real-world data.

Bios 9136 - General And Generalized Linear Models, Jingjing Yin

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This course provides students with the theories of the classical linear model and the general linear model for continuous outcome and linear relations, then the Generalized Linear Model for nonlinear relations and discrete outcomes. The first half of the course includes theories of the linear regression model with the matrix algebra and multivariate normal distribution, then to the analysis of quadratic forms and the study of the General Linear Model. The second half of the course begins with an introduction of the components of a Generalized Linear Model and methods of fitting these models. It also covers the most widely …

Bios 9131 – Advanced Statistical Theory For Biostatistics I, Hani Samawi

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This course provides an advanced study of theoretical statistics. Topics include: an introduction probability and sample space, conditional probability and Bayes Theorem, probability distribution of a random variable, discrete and continuous random variables, functions of random variables, moments and moment generating functions, order statistics and their distributions, discrete distributions, continuous distributions, bivariate and multivariate normal distribution, modes of convergence, limiting moment generating functions, and the central limit theorems. 3 hours

Pubh 2131 - Introduction To Community And Public Health, Ana M. Palacios Dr.

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

Introduces the student to the core functions of public health with an emphasis on community health programs and current trends of population health. Exposes the student to the role of community health practice in maximizing the health status of all populations. Course will include an overview of the organizational structure of federal, state, and local health-related agencies and examine the interrelationship of political, social, cultural and economic dimensions of community based population health activities.

Pubh 7790/9790 - Practicum/Preceptorship In Public Health, Dziyana Nazaruk

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

The purpose of the Practicum is to place students who have mastered knowledge, skills, and abilities required of contemporary public health professionals in a practice, field-based situation. The Practicum allows students an opportunity “to bridge theory to practice.”

Pubh 8136: Theoretical Perspectives Of The Social And Behavioral Sciences In Public Health, Stacy W. Smallwood

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This course will explore social and behavioral science theories, models, and approaches that inform public health research and practice, as well as their philosophical foundations. With emphasis on an ecological perspective, students will apply relevant theories to understanding community health issues and to developing interventions. The course also examines social and behavioral determinants of health equity across the ecological spectrum. In this course, students will gain an enhanced understanding of the contributions of the social and behavioral sciences to public health.

Pubh 8134 - Health Economics, Policy, And The Political Process, Samuel T. Opoku

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

Foundational economics and specific health economics theory, trends, market issues and applications are presented to include health insurance and payment theory, processes and applications. Evolutions of health policy, considering past current and future major legislation and executive directives, are explored within the political process.

Pubh 7890 – Using Spanish In Public Health Practice Settings, Tilicia Mayo-Gamble

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

Provides the student with an opportunity to investigate an area of interest under the direction of a faculty mentor. This independent study course will challenge the students to improve their existing Spanish language skills, as well as provide learning opportunities to develop Spanish language skills while discussing Public Health topics: Healthy relationships, sexual health, mental wellness and substance use.

Pubh 7140 – Applied Statistical Methods In Public Health, Haresh Rochani

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This course will provide broad overview of statistical methods and commonly used software to analyze the public health data, emphasizing interpretations and concepts. It will focus on developing the ability to read the scientific literature to critically evaluate study designs and methods for secondary data analysis. It also will introduce students about the commonly used statistical software package SPSS to manipulate data and prepare them for remaining course work for their concentration. Students will use statistical software (SPSS) to analyze data originating from various survey designs, including data from experimental designs. Emphasis will be placed on the development of critical …