Public Health Commons^™

Prepubertal Periodontitis In Children: For An Adequate Diagnosis And Optimal Care, F.Z. El Mouatarif, S. Chemlali, M. Hamza, J. Kissa, S. El Arabi

Health Sciences

Prepubertal periodontitis (PP) is a rare and rapid progressive condition found a young cohort of patients that results in destruction of the periodontal support of the primary dentition. Its generalized form, prepubertal periodontitis is often associated with a significant gingival tissue inflammation and fast bone loss with attachment loss leading to the tooth loss. The localized form of PP is characterized by a much more discreet inflammation and slow evolution. It can be associated with a known underlying systemic disease or may occur as part of a recognized syndrome or as an isolated finding. Different treatment modalities can be used …

Biological Parameters And The Histological Response In Rectal Cancer Treated By Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Moroccan Cohort, A. Naim, N. Bouanani, F. Safini, S. Mounaime, Soumaya Rafii, L. Lachker, F. Guessous, M. Khaliss, N. Tawfiq, A. Badou

Health Sciences

Introduction: Multimodal management of rectal cancer, combining neoadjuvant Radio chemotherapy followed by total Mesorectal therapy (TME), has been shown to improve locoregional control. However, the histological response is variable independently of the initial tumor stage. Some recent data suggest the usefulness of the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting the histological response to neoadjuvant therapy. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the complete histological response (pCR) after neoadjuvant radio chemotherapy and biological parameters (LMR, NLR and PLR) in rectal cancer patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in three Moroccan …

A Real-Time Infodemiology Study On Public Interest In Mpox (Monkeypox) Following The World Health Organization Global Public Health Emergency Declaration, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Jacques E. Raubenheimer

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Faculty Publications and Presentations

Google Trends (GT) is a useful real-time surveillance tool for epidemic outbreaks such as monkeypox (Mpox). GT provides hour-by-hour (real-time) data for the last seven days of Google searches. Non-real-time data are a random sample that encompasses search trends from 2004 and up to 72 h. Google Health Trends (GHT) API extracts daily raw search probabilities relative to the time period and size of the underlying population. However, little is known about the utility of GT real-time surveillance and GHT API following the public health announcements. Thus, this study aimed to analyzed Mpox GT real-time, non-real-time, and GHT API data …

Ontario Adults’ Mental Health And Wellbeing During The First 16 Months Of The Covid-19 Pandemicno Title, Katie Shillington, Leigh Vanderloo, Shauna Burke, Victor Ng, Patricia Tucker, Jennifer Irwin

Health Studies Publications

This study quantitatively assessed adults’ mental health and overall wellbeing over time during the first 16 months of the pandemic in Ontario, Canada. A total of 2,188 participants participated in the study and completed online questionnaires at three time points (baseline—April–July 2020; time 2—July–August 2020; and time 3—July–August 2021), which included demographic questions, the Mental Health Inventory (MHI), and the Personal Wellbeing Index-Adult (PWI-A). One-way repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed a statistically significant increase over time in participants’ mental health (MHI), as well as a significant decrease in their satisfaction with their standard of living, physical health, mental health, personal relationships, safety, …

The Opportunity Cost Of Covid For Public Health Practice: Covid-19 Pandemic Response Work And Lost Foundational Areas Of Public Health Work, J. Mac Mccullough, Moriah Robins

Public and Population Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Context: There is little empirical evidence regarding the magnitude of the COVID-19 response across the public health workforce and the extent to which other public health programs were called upon to contribute to the response, potentially leading to less work being done in other public health programs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To assess the composition of the workforce that contributed to the COVID-19 pandemic response during 2020-2022.

Design: A large, cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of the state and local public health agency workforce through the Public Health Workforce Interest and Needs Survey (PH WINS).

Setting: Nearly all state health …

Screening The “Invisible Population” Of Older Adult Patients For Prescription Pain Reliever Non-Medical Use And Use Disorders, Alyssa M. Falise, Vinita Sharma, Carolin C. Hoeflich, Catalina Lopez-Quintero, Catherine W. Striley

Public and Population Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: In the United States, the number of older adults reporting non-medical use of prescription pain relievers (NMUPPR) between 2015 and 2019 has remained constant, while those meeting criteria for opioid use disorders (OUDs) between 2013 and 2018 increased three-fold. These rates are expected to increase due to increased life expectancy among this population coupled with higher rates of substance use. However, they have consistently lower screening rates for problematic prescription pain reliever use, compared to younger cohorts. Objectives: This commentary reviewed trends in older adult NMUPPR and OUDs and reviewed several available screening tools. We then considered …

Synergistic Detrimental Effects Of Cigarette Smoke, Alcohol, And Sars-Cov-2 In Copd Bronchial Epithelial Cells, Abenaya Muralidharan, Christopher Bauer, Dawn M. Katafiasz, Heather M. Strah, Aleem Siddique, St. Patrick Reid, Kristina L. Bailey, Todd A. Wyatt

Journal Articles: Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health

Lung conditions such as COPD, as well as risk factors such as alcohol misuse and cigarette smoking, can exacerbate COVID-19 disease severity. Synergistically, these risk factors can have a significant impact on immunity against pathogens. Here, we studied the effect of a short exposure to alcohol and/or cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in vitro on acute SARS-CoV-2 infection of ciliated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) collected from healthy and COPD donors. We observed an increase in viral titer in CSE- or alcohol-treated COPD HBECs compared to untreated COPD HBECs. Furthermore, we treated healthy HBECs accompanied by enhanced lactate dehydrogenase activity, indicating …

Self-Reported Respiratory Health Symptoms And Respiratory Protection Behaviors Of Young Adult Hog Producers In The United States, Jenna L. Gibbs, Carolyn Sheridan, David Sullivan, Risto Rautiainen, Matthew W. Nonnenmann, Todd A. Wyatt

Journal Articles: Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health

INTRODUCTION AND METHODS: In this study, we evaluated self-reported respiratory symptoms during agricultural work, respiratory protection use and experience, and perceived value of receiving respirators using Gear Up for Ag Health and Safety Program™ pre- and post-surveys from 703 to 212 young adult hog producers in the United States. To our knowledge, this is one of the most extensive survey data sets on self-reported respiratory symptoms and respiratory protection behaviors of collegiate-aged young adults working in US livestock production.

RESULTS: About one-third (37%) of young adult hog producers stated that they have experienced cough, shortness of breath, fever, and chills …

Human Alcohol-Microbiota Mice Have Increased Susceptibility To Bacterial Pneumonia, Kelly C. Cunningham, Deandra R. Smith, Daniel Villageliu, Christi M. Ellis, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Jeffrey D. Price, Todd A. Wyatt, Daren L. Knoell, Mystera M. Samuelson, Patricia E Molina, David A. Welsh, Derrick R. Samuelson

Journal Articles: Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health

Preclinical studies have shown that chronic alcohol abuse leads to alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota that are associated with behavior changes, physiological alterations, and immunological effects. However, such studies have been limited in their ability to evaluate the direct effects of alcohol-associated dysbiosis. To address this, we developed a humanized alcohol-microbiota mouse model to systematically evaluate the immunological effects of chronic alcohol abuse mediated by intestinal dysbiosis. Germ-free mice were colonized with human fecal microbiota from individuals with high and low Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores and bred to produce human alcohol-associated microbiota or human control-microbiota F1 progenies. …

A Systematic Literature Review Of Research From 2010 To 2020 Addressing User-Generated Online Comments Related To Health Issues And Recommendations For Future Research, Muhammad Ittefaq, Mauryne Abwao, Ioana A. Coman, Waqas Ejaz

School of Communication Studies - Faculty Scholarship

This systematic literature review was conducted to provide insights into how online readers’ comments have been studied in the context of health over a 10-year span. About 593 studies published between 2010 and 2020; of these, 34 met the research criteria for inclusion. Our findings reveal that 60% of the studies focused on the United States, and a qualitative method was used in 74.3% of these studies. About 23.5% of the studies explored vaccine-related issues. Our results reveal that among the selected studies, 76.5% and 20.6% had female and male first authors, respectively. Textual analysis of abstracts shows that the …

A Lifestyle Management Coaching Intervention For Fear Of Cancer Recurrence In Young Breast Cancer Survivors, Lisa R. Murphy

DNP Research Projects

Abstract

Objective: A significant challenge facing young breast cancer (BC) survivors is learning how to manage fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) during survivorship. Limited tailored FCR interventions and age-appropriate support exist. This Doctor of Nursing (DNP) project, based upon best practice guidelines, aimed to evaluate how a Lifestyle Management Coaching Intervention (LMCI) could help young female BC survivors learn how to decrease and manage their FCR more effectively and experience improved health outcomes.

Method: Eligible participants were female BC survivors aged 18-59 with Stage I-III BC demonstrating elevated baseline FCR screening scores during the extended survival period recruited from the …

Prevention Research Center For Healthy Neighborhoods, Madeline Panus

Celebration of Scholarship 2023

No abstract provided.

“They'll Take A Gun To Me Before I Get That Shot”:Rationalization, Emotions, And Misinformation In Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, Michaela George, Benjamin Rosenberg, Savannah N. Dale, Lauren H. Kirkland, Patti L. Culross, Rong Chen

Psychology | Faculty Scholarship

Vaccine hesitancy—the reluctance, delay, or refusal tovaccinate regardless of availability—is not a new concept inpsychology, medicine, or public health. However, given theemotions surrounding the COVID-19 vaccine, hesitancy hasproven difficult to overcome. To date, the bulk of availabledata on vaccine hesitancy are quantitative, leaving room forexploratory investigations into the reasons adults remainunvaccinated. This qualitative study assessed the moti-vations, beliefs, and perceptions of individuals who havedecided to remain unvaccinated against COVID-19. We hadone exploratory research question: What social psychological justifications emerge from vaccine hesitant people'sexplanations of their decisions to remain unvaccinated?To assess this question, we conducted 18 interviews withunvaccinated adults throughout 2021–2022. …

Accelerated Sars-Cov-2 Intrahost Evolution Leading To Distinct Genotypes During Chronic Infection, Chrispin Chaguza, Anne M. Hahn, Mary E. Petrone, Shuntai Zhou, David Ferguson, Mallery I. Breban, Kien Pham, Mario A. Peña-Hernández, Christopher Castaldi, Verity Hill, Yale Sars-Cov-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative, Wade Schulz, Ronald I. Swanstrom, Scott C. Roberts, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Kendall Billig, Rebecca Earnest, Joseph R. Fauver, Chaney C. Kalinch, Nicholas Kerantzas, Tobias R. Koch, Bony De Kumar, Marie L. Landry, Isabel M. Ott, David Peaper, Irina R. Tikhonova, Chantal B. F. Vogels

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

The chronic infection hypothesis for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant emergence is increasingly gaining credence following the appearance of Omicron. Here, we investigate intrahost evolution and genetic diversity of lineage B.1.517 during a SARS-CoV-2 chronic infection lasting for 471 days (and still ongoing) with consistently recovered infectious virus and high viral genome copies. During the infection, we find an accelerated virus evolutionary rate translating to 35 nucleotide substitutions per year, approximately 2-fold higher than the global SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary rate. This intrahost evolution results in the emergence and persistence of at least three genetically distinct genotypes, suggesting …

Vaccination Inequities Among Children 12-23 Months In India: An Analysis Of Inter-State Differences, Octavia K. Goodman, Abram L. Wagner, Dakota Riopelle, Joseph L. Mathew, Matthew L. Boulton

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background

Previous research has shown that socioeconomic and demographic risk factors in children are additive and lead to increasingly negative impacts on vaccination coverage. The goal of this study is to examine if different combinations of four risk factors (infant sex, birth order, maternal education level, and family wealth status) vary by state among children 12-23 months in India and to determine the impact of ≥ 1 risk factor on differences in state vaccination rates.

Methods

Using data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in India between 2005 and 2006 (NFHS-3) and 2015-2016 (NFHS-4), full vaccination of children …

Forming The Perception Of Wic Infant Feeding Recommendations: A Qualitative Study, Emily Fisher, Kathryn Wouk, Priyanka Patel, Chuanyi Tang, Qi Zhang

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Nearly half of newborns in the United States are enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Promoting breastfeeding is a programmatic priority, although formula vouchers are provided for those who do not exclusively breastfeed. Previous literature suggests that participant perception of WIC’s breastfeeding recommendations is a significant factor predicting breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity outcomes. However, little is known about how participants’ perceptions of WIC’s breastfeeding recommendations are formed. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a qualitative pilot study in Nevada, interviewing 10 postpartum WIC mothers and 12 WIC staff who had interacted …

Unraveling Controversies Over Civic Honesty Measurement: An Extended Field Replication In China, Qian Yang, Weiwei Zhang, Shiyong Liu, Wenjin Gong, Youli Han, Jun Lu, Donghong Jiang, Jingchun Nie, Xiaokang Lyu, Rugang Liu, Mingli Jiao, Chen Qu, Mingji Zhang, Yacheng Sun, Xinyue Zhou, Qi Zhang

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Cohn et al. (2019) conducted a wallet drop experiment in 40 countries to measure "civic honesty around the globe," which has received worldwide attention but also sparked controversies over using the email response rate as the sole metric of civic honesty. Relying on the lone measurement may overlook cultural differences in behaviors that demonstrate civic honesty. To investigate this issue, we conducted an extended replication study in China, utilizing email response and wallet recovery to assess civic honesty. We found a significantly higher level of civic honesty in China, as measured by the wallet recovery rate, than reported in the …

The Effectiveness Of An Ehealth Family-Based Intervention Program In Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm) In The Community Via Wechat: Randomized Controlled Trial, Yuheng Feng, Yuxi Zhao, Linqi Mao, Minmin Gu, Hong Yuan, Jun Lu, Qi Zhang, Qian Zhao, Xiaohong Li

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: Intervention based on family support and risk perception can enhance type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients’ self-care activities. In addition, eHealth education is considered to improve family members’ support for patients with T2DM. However, there is little evidence from rigorously designed studies on the effectiveness of an intervention combining these approaches.

Objective: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to assess the effectiveness of an eHealth family-based health education intervention for patients with T2DM to improve their glucose control, risk perception, and self-care behaviors.

Methods: This single-center, 2-parallel-group RCT was conducted between 2019 and 2020. Overall, 228 patients were recruited …

Association Between Children’S And Parents’ Physical Activity During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Lagged Analysis, Monika Szpunar, Matthew Bourke, Leigh Vanderloo, Brianne Bruijns, Stephanie Truelove, Shauna Burke, Jason Gilliland, Jennifer Irwin, Patricia Tucker

Health Studies Publications

Background: COVID-19 caused closures of movement supporting environments such as gyms and schools in Canada. This study evaluated the association between Ontario parents’ and children’s physical activity levels across time during COVID-19, controlling for variables that were identified as significant predictors of children’s and parents’ physical activity (e.g., children’s age, parents’ employment status). Methods: Parents (n = 243; mean age = 38.8 y) of children aged 12 and under (n = 408; mean age = 6.3 y) living in Ontario, Canada completed 2 online surveys, the first between August and December 2020 and the second between August and December 2021. …

Belonging, A Photovoice Project, Lauir Deruiter-Willems, Nikki Hillier, Misty Rhoads, Amanda Harvey

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

This project was designed to advance our understanding of college students’ knowledge of health and barriers to wellness by using the Photovoice concepts. The components included:

•pictures

•stories

•expository writings

The instructions

• asked students to focus on inclusion, equality, & visibility

• required self-reflection

• engaged students in discussions

• explored Social Determinants of Health in community settings.

Food, Lauri Deruiter-Willems, Misty Rhoads, Nikki Hillier, Amanda Harvey, Stacey Knight-Davis

Belonging, A photovoice project: Exhibit

Photos and short writings from Public Health & Nutrition undergraduate students describing the food dimension of the social determinants of health.

Community, Safety And Social Context, Lauri Deruiter-Willems, Misty Rhoads, Nikki Hillier, Amanda Harvey, Stacey Knight-Davis

Belonging, A photovoice project: Exhibit

Photos and short writings from Public Health & Nutrition undergraduate students describing the community, safety and social context dimensions of the social determinants of health.

Health Care, Lauri J. Deruiter-Willems, Nikki Hillier, Misty Rhoads, Amanda Harvey, Stacey Knight-Davis

Belonging, A photovoice project: Exhibit

Photos and short writings from Public Health & Nutrition undergraduate students describing the Health Care and Community dimensions of the social determinants of health.

Physical Environment, Lauri Deruiter-Willems, Misty Rhoads, Nikki Hillier, Amanda Harvey, Stacey Knight-Davis

Belonging, A photovoice project: Exhibit

Photos and short writings from Public Health & Nutrition undergraduate students describing the physical environment dimension of the social determinants of health.

Belonging, Post Card, Lauir Deruiter-Willems, Misty Rhoads, Nikki Hillier, Amanda Harvey, Stacey Knight-Davis

Belonging, A photovoice project: Exhibit

Marketing post card with selected images from the Belonging exhibit.

An Analysis Of The Clear Horizons Program In Perry County, Kentucky On Smoking Cessation, Julia Kollitz

Lewis Honors College Thesis Collection

Perry County is an Appalachian county located in southeastern Kentucky. The population is 28,473 people (United States Census Bureau, 2020). It is a predominately white community, with 95.9% of people falling in this category, which is higher than the national percentage of 75.8% (United States Census Bureau, 2020). Being a rural county, this community uses few news sources, with the primary outlet being WYMT Eastern Kentucky News. This news outlet is a subset of CBS (WYMT, 2023). When comparing statewide and nationwide data, Perry County does consistently worse. They have a high school graduation rate that is lower than the …

Assessing Women's Understanding Of Mensuration: Knowledge Gaps And Educational Needs, Makenzie Kapitula, Alexis Hendrickson, Sarah Lalli

Student Research Poster Presentations 2023

The menstrual cycle is more complex than what seems to be taught in the education system. School systems focus on the basics of the menstrual cycle, like for example what to do when a young female gets her menstrual cycle for the first time and telling the young female that she can get pregnant but then do not go into detail on the timeframe when pregnancy can occur. It consists of more information than what is taught in the public school system and should be better taught to young females to prevent the unpreventable. The main objective of the study …

Tobacco Cessation Email Outreach In A Primary Care Setting, Katie Berry, Md, Meera Jain, Md

Poster Presentations

No abstract provided.

Improving Intravenous Catheter Insertion Success In Difficult Access Patients, Heidi Berry

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Around one in every nine Emergency Department (ED) patients have Difficult Intravenous Access (DIVA) and 25% of ED patients will require more than one attempt (Fields et al., 2014a). Failed insertion attempts contribute to decreased patient satisfaction, care delays, and financial losses. The freestanding ED affiliated with a multi-state, not-for-profit healthcare system in an urban community had difficulty with first-attempt Peripheral IV (PIV) insertion success in identified patients. The target population was the clinical staff of the freestanding ED which included Registered Nurses and Paramedics. The objective outcome was to enhance personal knowledge of PIV catheter insertion in difficult-access patients …

Does An Educational Intervention Program On Infection Precautions Decrease Absentee Rates In Schools?, Shelby Florann Keltner, Madelyn Salonga

Nursing | Senior Theses

During our community health clinical rotation in a public school, we observed abundant absences in the kindergarten class, which led us to inquire: What is the possible cause for the multiple absences? Further, we noticed that the students had a hand hygiene knowledge deficit. These observations led us to hypothesize that due to direct contact transmission many absences were related to infection-related illnesses, and without proper technique and understanding of hand washing, infectious diseases will continue to have a high probability of transmission in schools. The objective of our investigation is to identify the prevalence of this issue in communities …