Public Health Commons^™

The Genetic Determinants Of Recurrent Somatic Mutations In 43,693 Blood Genomes, Joshua S Weinstock, Cecelia A Laurie, Jai G Broome, Kent D Taylor, Xiuqing Guo, Alan R Shuldiner, Jeffrey R O'Connell, Joshua P Lewis, Eric Boerwinkle, Kathleen C Barnes, Nathalie Chami, Eimear E Kenny, Ruth J F Loos, Myriam Fornage, Susan Redline, Brian E Cade, Frank D Gilliland, Zhanghua Chen, W James Gauderman, Rajesh Kumar, Leslie Grammer, Robert P Schleimer, Bruce M Psaty, Joshua C Bis, Jennifer A Brody, Edwin K Silverman, Jeong H Yun, Dandi Qiao, Scott T Weiss, Jessica Lasky-Su, Dawn L Demeo, Nicholette D Palmer, Barry I Freedman, Donald W Bowden, Michael H Cho, Ramachandran S Vasan, Andrew D Johnson, Lisa R Yanek, Lewis C Becker, Sharon Kardia, Jiang He, Robert Kaplan, Susan R Heckbert, Nicholas L Smith, Kerri L Wiggins, Donna K Arnett, Marguerite R Irvin, Hemant Tiwari, Adolfo Correa, Laura M Raffield, Yan Gao, Mariza De Andrade, Jerome I Rotter, Stephen S Rich, Ani W Manichaikul, Barbara A Konkle, Jill M Johnsen, Marsha M Wheeler, Brian S Custer, Ravindranath Duggirala, Joanne E Curran, John Blangero, Hongsheng Gui, Shujie Xiao, L Keoki Williams, Deborah A Meyers, Xingnan Li, Victor Ortega, Stephen Mcgarvey, C Charles Gu, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Wen-Jane Lee, M Benjamin Shoemaker, Dawood Darbar, Dan Roden, Christine Albert, Charles Kooperberg, Pinkal Desai, Thomas W Blackwell, Goncalo R Abecasis, Albert V Smith, Hyun M Kang, Rasika Mathias, Pradeep Natarajan, Siddhartha Jaiswal, Alexander P Reiner, Alexander G Bick, Nhlbi Trans-Omics For Precision Medicine (Topmed) Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Nononcogenic somatic mutations are thought to be uncommon and inconsequential. To test this, we analyzed 43,693 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine blood whole genomes from 37 cohorts and identified 7131 non-missense somatic mutations that are recurrently mutated in at least 50 individuals. These recurrent non-missense somatic mutations (RNMSMs) are not clearly explained by other clonal phenomena such as clonal hematopoiesis. RNMSM prevalence increased with age, with an average 50-year-old having 27 RNMSMs. Inherited germline variation associated with RNMSM acquisition. These variants were found in genes involved in adaptive immune function, proinflammatory cytokine production, and lymphoid …

Digital Patient Engagement At A Perioperative Surgical Home Implemented Community Hospital, Srinivasan Sridhar, Amy Mount Hunter, Bernadette Mccrory

Patient Experience Journal

Patients in rural areas typically require more perioperative ‘optimization’ for surgery. The rural healthcare systems often overwhelmed with coordinating perioperative services and deliver less than optimal surgical outcomes. This is due to limited supporting microsystems and ability to effectively engage and track patients over the 120-day perioperative period to limit post-surgical complications. The study assessed longitudinal patient engagement within a newly established Perioperative Surgical Home (PSH) at a rural community hospital serving 10+ surrounding counties to identify barriers and best practices for engagement. A digital patient engagement platform was implemented and used to assess longitudinal patient outcomes and engagement from …

Living With Covid-19 In The Community During The First Wave Of The Pandemic: Lessons From Patients For Healthcare Providers And Policy Makers, Linda Rozmovits, Michelle Marcinow, Ilja Ormel, Terence Tang, Elizabeth Mansfield, Kerry Kuluski, Seema Marwaha, Susan Law Dr

Patient Experience Journal

This qualitative descriptive study explores patients’ experiences of living with COVID-19, in the community, during the early stages of the pandemic. Between October 2020 and April 2021, fifteen semi-structured, video-recorded interviews were conducted, via Zoom, with participants in five Canadian provinces. Participants self-identified as having had a confirmed or suspected case of COVID-19. The constant comparative method was used to produce a thematic analysis of findings. Key findings include 1) PCR tests were not widely available in Canada, during the first wave, so many participants lacked a confirmed diagnosis and, subsequently, encountered challenges accessing specialist medical care; 2) Rapidly changing …

A Concept Analysis Of The Patient Experience, Tanja Avlijas Rn, Mscn, Janet E. Squires Rn, Phd, Michelle Lalonde Rn, Phd, Chantal Backman Rn, Phd

Patient Experience Journal

Patient experience, an essential indicator of quality patient care, is of increasing importance to hospitals that want to improve and maintain strong patient experience metrics to remain competitive in the business of healthcare. The aim of this study was to clarify the concept of the patient experience by identifying its existing definitions, methods of measurement, and underlying themes and attributes, to differentiate it from similar concepts and propose an operational and theoretical definition to guide valid and reliable development of future assessment tools. Walker and Avant’s eight-step methodology served as the framework for this concept analysis. A literature search, using …

2023-04-27 Michiganoverview_Covidoutbreak, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Outbreak Reports

The Outbreak Data page was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 data page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/stats/outbreak-reporting.

This report is created by the Michigan Department of Health & Human Services from data self-reported by local health departments. Data is updated every week.

COVID-19 outbreaks are generally defined as two or more cases with a link by place and time indicating a shared exposure outside of a household. Local health departments report the number of new and ongoing outbreaks they are investigating by the setting of the outbreak. New outbreaks are those outbreaks that were first identified during the current reporting week. Ongoing outbreaks are …

Hepatitis B Virus Screening In Asian Immigrants: Community-Based Campaign To Increase Screening And Linkage To Care, Aziza Win

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Building An Infrastructure For Down Syndrome Care, Kate E. Martin

Instructional Design Capstones Collection

People with intellectual disabilities experience greater obstacles in attaining their full health potential. The most common identifiable cause of intellectual disability is Down syndrome. Established in September 2021, the Down Syndrome Program at The Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) aims to meet the healthcare needs of members of the Southern Nevada community with Down syndrome and their families. However, there is currently no infrastructure in place in Southern Nevada to provide Down syndrome care, or clinical services dedicated to individuals with the condition. This work discusses options that were explored to develop …

Socio-Demographic, Maternal, And Infant Characteristics Associated With Pacifier Use Among Six-Months Old Infants In Clark County, Nevada, Kaelia Lynn Saniatan, Smriti Neupane, Chad L. Cross, Gabriela S. Buccini

Epidemiology & Biostatistics Faculty Research

Background

Pacifier use can interfere with nurturing care practices such as breastfeeding, soothing, and sleeping. Due to contradicting beliefs, recommendations, and the high frequency of pacifier use, understanding its associations may support shaping equitable public health recommendations. This study explored the socio-demographic, maternal, and infant characteristics associated with pacifier use among six-months old infants in Clark County, Nevada.

Method

Cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2021 with a sample of mothers (n = 276) of infants under six months old in Clark County, Nevada. Participants were recruited through advertisements in birth, lactation, pediatric care centers, and social media. We used binomial …

2023-04-26_Michiganoverview_Covidvaccinestats, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Vaccine Data

The COVID Vaccine Dashboard page was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/resources/covid-19-vaccine/covid-19-dashboard.

First-dose tracker above is for entire Michigan Population. Coverage maps below are for age 5+.

Previously reported numbers of administered vaccine doses may change as new data are received. A possible lag in reporting vaccine doses will result in increases in numbers previously reported.

This report is created by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Division of Immunization from data reported to the Michigan Care Improvement Registry (MCIR).

The dashboard contained the tabs Primary Series Doses Administered, Primary Series Doses by Vaccine, …

2023-04-26_Michiganoverview_Covidbedppe, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Hospital Data

Contains the tables Statewide Hospital Capacity Report for COVID-19, COVID-19 Metrics, Statewide Hospital Available PPE Tracking for COVID-19, as well as the tables PPE Days On Hand and Patient Census.

On Cox Proportional Hazards Model Performance Under Different Sampling Schemes, Hani Samawi, Lili Yu, Jingjing Yin

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Cox’s proportional hazards model (PH) is an acceptable model for survival data analysis. This work investigates PH models’ performance under different efficient sampling schemes for analyzing time to event data (survival data). We will compare a modified Extreme, and Double Extreme Ranked Set Sampling (ERSS, and DERSS) schemes with a simple random sampling scheme. Observations are assumed to be selected based on an easy-to-evaluate baseline available variable associated with the survival time. Through intensive simulations, we show that these modified approaches (ERSS and DERSS) provide more powerful testing procedures and more efficient estimates of hazard ratio than those based on …

2023-04-26_Michiganoverview_Covidcounts, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Confirmed Cases by Date of Onset Data

Data was downloaded as an Excel spreadsheet which appeared in the Public Use Datasets section under the Cumulative Data link of Michigan's Coronavirus webpage, under the url https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/stats.

Cases are aggregated by the date of onset of COVID-19 symptoms, if known, otherwise by laboratory specimen date if known, otherwise by case referral date. Deaths are aggregated by the date of death if known, otherwise by the last date of a change to the case status.

Communicating Health: Misinformation And Mistrust In The Age Of Coronavirus, Chris Anstead

Undergraduate Theses

With one of the most advanced medical systems in the world, the Untied States still experienced an exceedingly high COVID-19 death rate per capita. Because biomedical therapies for COVID-19 were available, the focus of this review is on the social aspects of the COVID-19 response. By observing how Americans reacted to vaccination, masking, and social distancing guidelines, as well as how those guidelines were communicated to the general population from the public and private sectors, this thesis argues that the social and political aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic played a significant role in the outcome of the pandemic response. Additionally, …

A Novel Method For Measuring The Burden Of Breast Cancer In Neighborhoods, Russell K. Mcintire, Hee-Soon Juon, Scott W. Keith, Nicole L. Simone, Dexter Waters, Eleanor Lewis, Charnita Zeigler-Johnson

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

Community-based breast cancer prevention efforts often focus on women who live in the same neighborhoods, as they tend to have similar demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and environmental exposures; yet little research describes methods of selecting neighborhoods of focus for community-based cancer prevention interventions. Studies frequently use demographics from census data, or single breast cancer outcomes (e.g., mortality, morbidity) in order to choose neighborhoods of focus for breast cancer interventions, which may not be optimal. This study presents a novel method for measuring the burden of breast cancer among neighborhoods that could be used for selecting neighborhoods of focus. In this …

Wellness Review 2022, Part 2, Martin Huecker, Brian A. Ferguson, Jacob Shreffler

Journal of Wellness

Introduction: Similar to prior reviews, the Journal of Wellness editors searched the literature from the second half of 2022 for an interesting and impactful selection of publications on wellness in healthcare professionals.

Methods: Editors conducted a standard keyword search in Pubmed, focusing chiefly on large journals, interventional trials, and other prospective research. We included papers published between July 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022.

Literature in Review: Finding several hundred publications, we excluded editorials, reviews, and some smaller, less generalizable papers. A final 25 significant studies focusing on wellness in medical professionals were sorted into the following categories: logistics, creativity …

Covid-19 Severity Scale For Claims Data Research, Trudy Millard Krause, Raymond Greenberg, Lopita Ghosh, Joseph S Wozny, Regina M Hansen, Caroline Schaefer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: to create and validate a methodology to assign a severity level to an episode of COVID-19 for retrospective analysis in claims data.

DATA SOURCE: Secondary data obtained by license agreement from Optum provided claims records nationally for 19,761,754 persons, of which, 692,094 persons had COVID-19 in 2020.

STUDY DESIGN: The World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 Progression Scale was used as a model to identify endpoints as measures of episode severity within claims data. Endpoints used included symptoms, respiratory status, progression to levels of treatment and mortality.

DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: The strategy for identification of cases relied upon the February …

Lyme Disease Neuroretinitis: A Case Report And Review Of Immunologic Workup, Michael Wingard, Od, Jeffery Curry, Od, Jeffrey L. Weaver, Od, Ms

Optometric Clinical Practice

Background: Lyme disease is an infection caused by a bacterial spirochete of the borrelia genus. The human vector is from a tick bite by an infected tick of the ixodes genus, commonly referred to as the deer tick or black legged tick. The incidence of Lyme disease is increasing in the United States. Once infected, Lyme disease manifestations usually depend on the stage of infection with late stage infection often causing debilitating illness.¹

Case Report: Neuroborreliosis refers to borrelia, causing neurological infection and can occur as acute or late manifestation of Lyme disease. Neuroretinitis is a rare …

Employee Attrition: Analyzing Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction Of Ibm Data Scientists, Graham Nash

Symposium of Student Scholars

Employee attrition is a relevant issue that every business employer must consider when gauging the effectiveness of their employees. Whether or not an employee chooses to leave their job can come from a multitude of factors. As a result, employers need to develop methods in which they can measure attrition by calculating the several qualities of their employees. Factors like their age, years with the company, which department they work in, their level of education, their job role, and even their marital status are all considered by employers to assist in predicting employee attrition. This project will be analyzing a …

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Maternal Health Outcomes, Jaiden Outten, Afekwo Mary Ukuku Ph.D.

Symposium of Student Scholars

Title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Maternal Health Outcomes

Abstract

The COVID-19 Pandemic has disrupted access to maternal health services. Lockdowns, fear of contracting the disease, and limited access to healthcare services may have affected the overall well-being of expectant mothers and their newborns. Studies from previous infectious disease outbreaks have shown that adverse maternal outcomes have increased. Research is needed to determine the indirect impact the pandemic had on various areas of maternal health. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review to understand the impact of COVID-19 on maternal health. A systematic …

Unstable Politics, Empty Stomachs: Investigating The Relationship Between Political Instability And Food Insecurity, Andrew Lewis

Symposium of Student Scholars

Nowadays, food shortages are becoming more commonplace due to increasing costs and supply chain disruptions caused by the COVID-19 epidemic and other socioeconomic factors. Food security is a crucial public health issue that affects human well-being, health, and development on a global scale. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report from 2021 estimates approximately 2.37 billion people suffered from a lack of food in 2020. In other words, 1 in 3 people could not access enough food (FAO et al., 2021). Food security is not only determined by natural factors but also by social factors such …

Comparative Analysis Between Vaccine Hesitancy And Rural Vs Non-Rural Counties In The South-East Region, Shelsea Ruiz, Lucy Lansdowne

Symposium of Student Scholars

Throughout the United States (U.S) there is a variety of people who are hesitant to get the COVID vaccine. Research was collected on April 14,2021 by the Center of Disease Control and Prevention, at a county level for each state. The data depicted this by showing different levels of vaccine hesitancy: “strongly hesitant,” “hesitant,” and “unsure.” Participants could choose between five options: “definitely get a vaccine,” “probably get a vaccine,” “unsure,” “probably not get a vaccine,” and “definitely not get a vaccine” . Strongly hesitant included those who only responded they would “definitely not” get the vaccine. We decided with …

2023-04-25_Michiganoverview_Isdreporting, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Outbreak Reports

The K-12 Aged ISD Reporting page was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 data page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/stats/k-to-12-aged-isd-reporting.

This report is created from data reported by the Michigan Disease Surveillance System (MDSS) the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services' web-based communicable disease reporting system. Data is updated every week.

The purpose of the dashboard is to report the 7 day average of COVID-19 cases in Michigan school students aged 5 through 18 at the intermediate school district and school district levels, as well as display trends over time to better illustrate the changing nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cases are attributed to …

2023-04-25_Michiganoverview_Covidlongtermcare, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Long Term Care Data

The COVID Long Term Care Facilities page was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 data page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/stats/data-about-places/long-term-care-data.

This report is created by the Michigan Department of Health & Human Services from data self-reported by long-term care facilities into EMResource. Data for all reporting facilities is posted weekly each Monday.

The information below represents COVID-19 data reported directly to MDHHS by licensed and operating Skilled Nursing, Home for the Aged and Adult Foster Care facilities (licensed to serve 13 or more individuals) in Michigan from January 1, 2020. All long-term care facilities additionally have an obligation to report COVID-positive residents and/or staff …

2023-04-25_Michiganoverview_Covidstats, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Cumulative Michigan COVID-19 Data

The COVID Overview page was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/stats.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled. COVID case and testing data will be posted once a week on Tuesdays.

This report is provisional and subject to change. City of Detroit and Wayne County are reported separately. MDHHS began tracking probable cases April 5, 2020. FCI indicates federal correctional institute. MDOC indicates Michigan Department of Corrections. Diagnostic tests, including nucleic acid amplification/real-time polymerase chain reaction (NAAT/RT-PCR) …

Possible Effects Of Sexual Health Education On Health Behaviors And Indicators, Chloe Lafosse

Honors Scholar Theses

Sexual health education has long been evolving, and while a mountain of research has built a compelling case for continuing its improvement, the authors of the present paper were interested in evaluating the efficacy of state education standards in 2009, 2014, and 2019 on a multitude of sexual health outcomes in 2019. We concluded that throughout all three years, states with higher educational requirements could in fact produce better health outcomes, but those outcomes were heavily targeting delaying pregnancy. The educational requirements appeared to have neglected all other aspects of sexual health, including STD prevention, even though STD-based education was …

Comparing The Health Care Resource Utilization And Medication Adherence Of People With Epilepsy And People With Diabetes By Insurance Status, Nikole Hoffman, Gerald Shoultz, Sarah Nechuta

Masters Projects

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases worldwide; diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects how the body produces and uses insulin. Prescribed medications are vital for controlling these and other chronic diseases by minimizing severe health issues, which can be affected by insurance type and status. Consequences of non-adherence include uncontrolled blood glucose in people with diabetes and uncontrolled seizures in people with epilepsy. We aimed to compare the healthcare resource utilization and medication adherence of people with epilepsy and people with diabetes by insurance status. Methods: Data was from the 2021 National …

Rapid Escape Of New Sars-Cov-2 Omicron Variants From Ba2-Directed Antibody Responses, Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc, Raksha Das, Daming Zhou, Helen M Ginn, Chang Liu, Helen M E Duyvesteyn, Jiandong Huo, Rungtiwa Nutalai, Piyada Supasa, Muneeswaran Selvaraj, Thushan I De Silva, Megan Plowright, Thomas A H Newman, Hailey Hornsby, Alexander J Mentzer, Donal Skelly, Thomas G Ritter, Nigel Temperton, Paul Klenerman, Eleanor Barnes, Susanna J Dunachie, Optic Consortium, Cornelius Roemer, Thomas P Peacock, Neil G Paterson, Mark A Williams, David R Hall, Elizabeth E Fry, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Jingshan Ren, David I Stuart, Gavin R Screaton

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In November 2021, Omicron BA.1, containing a raft of new spike mutations, emerged and quickly spread globally. Intense selection pressure to escape the antibody response produced by vaccines or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection then led to a rapid succession of Omicron sub-lineages with waves of BA.2 and then BA.4/5 infection. Recently, many variants have emerged such as BQ.1 and XBB, which carry up to 8 additional receptor-binding domain (RBD) amino acid substitutions compared with BA.2. We describe a panel of 25 potent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated from vaccinees suffering BA.2 breakthrough infections. Epitope mapping shows potent …

The Effects Of Multiple Micronutrient Fortified Beverage And Responsive Caregiving Interventions On Early Childhood Development, Hemoglobin, And Ferritin Among Infants In Rural Guatemala, Alysse J. Kowalski, Victor Alfonso Mayen, Silvia De Ponce, Kaley B. Lambden, Nick Tilton, Lisa M. Villanueva, Ana M. Palacios, Greg A. Reinhart, Kristen M. Hurley, Maureen M. Black

Health Policy & Community Health: Faculty Publications

Undernutrition and a lack of learning opportunities can jeopardize long-term growth and development among infants in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a 6-month 2 × 2 cluster-randomized trial to assess the effects of multiple micronutrient-fortified beverages and responsive caregiving interventions among infants 6–18 months in 72 community sectors in southwest Guatemala. We administered baseline and endline assessments of childhood development (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development) and socioemotional development (Brief Infant Toddler Socio-Emotional Assessment) and measured ferritin and hemoglobin on a subsample. The trial was analyzed using linear mixed models. At the baseline, the mean age (SD) was …

2023-04-24_Michiganoverview_Covidbedppe, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Hospital Data

Contains the tables Statewide Hospital Capacity Report for COVID-19, COVID-19 Metrics, Statewide Hospital Available PPE Tracking for COVID-19, as well as the tables PPE Days On Hand and Patient Census.

Comparing Levels Of Situational Empathy Based On Medium Of Exposure To Covid-19 Mortality Information And Proximity To Others, Beth Durkin

Honors Projects

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many people expressed a lax attitude to the policies put in place to keep the public safe despite the high risk of infection and its devastating effects on health across the United States. It is possible that this response may be partially due to a “numbness to numbers,” a phenomenon that describes diminished empathy for a large group of people experiencing a negative event (eg. COVID-19). The present study explored the relationship between levels of situational empathy and the medium of exposure to COVID-19 mortality information (eg. personal story or fact sheet) in an …