Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Training And Individual Predictors Of Attitudes Toward Serious Mental Illness Amongst Clinical Psychology Doctoral Students, Lauren K. O'Connor

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Clinical psychologists are grossly underrepresented in treatment provision for individuals with serious mental illness (SMI; Roe, Yanos, Lysaker, 2006). Systemic (e.g., emergence of managed care) and training-based (e.g., limitations to SMI specific training) factors contribute to the establishment of this underrepresentation, while mental health stigma amongst psychologists may play a role in perpetuating it. Many individual and experiential factors have been found to impact clinicians’ attitudes toward those with SMI (Henderson et al., 2014; Schulzes, 2007). Though many of these factors are present and relevant from the beginning of one’s career and may involve elements related to training, little research …

Food Restriction And Body Image Distortion In Pregnant Mothers: Outcomes For Exposed Children, Kathryn M. Dana

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Background: Developmental trajectories in the growing child do not originate at birth. Rather, critical periods may exist in pregnancy, during which the determinants of malnutrition are especially vulnerable to the effects of stress and other complications. Prenatal malnutrition has been consistently associated with negative consequences for the growth, development, and overall physical and mental health of affected offspring in both human and animal models. While most available literature on human prenatal malnutrition comes from famine research, there is some evidence that restrictive eating disorders in pregnant women may be associated with similar outcomes.

Hypotheses: We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to …

Effects Of Prenatal Cannabis Exposure On Offspring Emotional Development And Stress Response, Alexandra Pritchett

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

While cannabis may be used by women during pregnancy, its effects on their offsprings’ developing stress response system are still largely unknown. The binding sites for the active chemicals in cannabis are operational at early time points in fetal development and are expressed in key limbic brain structures. The body’s natural endocannabinoid system serves as an important regulator of the stress response. Longitudinal studies have associated prenatal exposure with increased fearfulness and mood disturbances in offspring, but, despite the growing evidence of emotional dysfunction, there remains a critical gap in knowledge explaining how early prenatal exposure may lead to future …

Health-Related Quality Of Life And Mental Well-Being Of Healthy And Diseased Persons In 8 Countries: Does Stringency Of Government Response Against Early Covid-19 Matter?, Di Long, Juanita A. Haagsma, Mathieu F. Janssen, John N. Yfantopoulos, Erica I. Lubetkin, Gouke J. Bonsel

Publications and Research

Objectives

Our study aimed to (1) assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental well-being of healthy and diseased persons in the general population during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) examine the relationship between HRQoL and mental well-being and individual characteristics and government response against COVID-19, as measured by the stringency index.

Methods

A web-based survey was administered to a cohort of persons from the general population of eight countries: Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (US) from April 22 to May 5 and …

Personality Pathology And The Dark Side Of Buyer–Supplier Relationships, Simon Croom, Katarina Fritzon, Nathan Brooks

School of Business: Faculty Scholarship

differences amongst the parties to any relationship, thereby ignoring the complex dynamics of human interaction and behaviors on the progress and performance in such relationships. This Notes & Debates paper takes the view that personality matters, particularly toxic personality traits, and argues that for purchasing & supply researchers a cross-disciplinary approach to the study of BSRs will advance our understanding. Our study brought together psychology and supply management researchers. We begin by arguing that much of the extant literature demotes behavior and personality to peripheral, exogenous, or even irrelevant to the study of BSRs. Second, by focusing on the emergent …

Improved Psychological Services For American Indian Communities, Grace Anna Hofer

Honors Thesis

The importance of mental health care is growing. Inadequate psychological aid in underserved areas creates an environment for health disparities. There is a needed emphasis for outreach in rural and ethnically diverse communities with a lack of healthcare professionals to service those afflicted by mental illness. One such group is the American Indian communities of indigent populations that experience multifactorial inequalities. The treatment and reception of mental health care continue to face many challenges such as access to care, lack of education, and stereotypes. To provide effective mental health services to the American Indian population, a collaboration in designing interventions …

An Empirical Research On Developing The Framework For Managing Sexual Abstinence Issues Of The Chinese Male Seafarers, Bin Dong

Maritime Safety & Environment Management Dissertations (Dalian)

No abstract provided.

Naturalistic Child Observation, Rachel Bradley

Gettysburg Social Sciences Review

Among the many different research methods available naturalistic observation is one of the oldest forms. In this paper advantages and disadvantages of naturalistic observation will be discussed, followed by observations of two preschool children to determine which developmental stage they place in Piaget’s cognitive development theory. The results found that each child fit within Piaget's cognitive development theory with each exhibiting different spheres of the preoperational stage. Further research could look at gender differences or certain behavioral incidences only.

Asking The Experts: Perception Of The Relative Importance Of Antecedents Of Optimal Financial Behavior, Chad M. Jones

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Although there is ample research on financial behavior, the inclusion of financial planners in the sample frames of such research is rare. This study used certified financial planners (CFPs) as the sole sample population to identify antecedents of optimal financial behavior and their relative importance. Data from a nationally representative sample of 167 CFPs indicated that (a) financial literacy lost relative importance as CFP tenure increased, (b) romantic partnership closely rivaled financial literacy in importance, (c) financial literacy was more weakly correlated with romantic partnership than with the other antecedents investigated, and (d) romantic partnership was universally accepted as a …

Barriers To The Diagnosis Of Dyslexia In Children, Maria Cunningham

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

Dyslexia is a learning disability that impairs reading, writing, and spelling and is estimated to affect 5-20% of people (Shaywitz, 1998; Shaywitz, 2003). Although dyslexia is a life-long disability that has no cure, evidence-based treatments are available for struggling students (Shaywitz, 2003). The earlier these interventions are implemented, the better the student outcomes (Alexander & Slinger-Constant, 2004). However, despite the very high prevalence of dyslexia and time-sensitive need for treatment, many affected individuals slip through the cracks and go undiagnosed until adolescence or adulthood – most never get diagnosed at all (Shaywitz, 2003). This paper addresses potential barriers that contribute …

The Impact Of The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine On High-Grade Cervical Lesions In Urban And Rural Areas: An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis, Jaimie Z. Shing, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Marie R. Griffin, Rachel S. Chang, Staci L. Sudenga, James C. Slaughter, Manideepthi Pemmaraju, Edward F. Mitchel, Pamela C. Hull

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination exist between urban (metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs)) and rural (non-MSAs) regions. To address whether the HPV vaccine’s impact differs by urbanicity, we examined trends in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (collectively, CIN2+) incidence in MSAs and non-MSAs among Tennessee Medicaid (TennCare)-enrolled women aged 18–39 years and among the subset screened for cervical cancer in Tennessee, United States. Using TennCare claims data, we identified annual age-group-specific (18–20, 21–24, 25–29, 30–34, and 35–39 years) CIN2+ incidence (2008–2018). Joinpoint regression was used to identify trends over time. Age–period–cohort Poisson regression models …

Emotion Processing Deficit In Euthymic Bipolar Disorder: A Potential Endophenotype, Preethi V. Reddy, Saravanakumar Anandan, Gopalkumar Rakesh, Venkatarama Shivakumar, Boban Joseph, Sunil Kalmady Vasu, Sri Mahavir Agarwal, Kesavan Muralidharan, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

Background: Emotion processing deficits have been described in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and are considered one of the core cognitive abnormalities in BD with endophenotype potential. However, the literature on specific impairments in emotion processing cognitive strategies (directive/cortical/higher versus intuitive/limbic/lower) in euthymic adult BD patients and healthy first-degree relatives/high-risk (HR) subjects in comparison with healthy controls (HCs) is sparse.

Methods: We examined facial emotion recognition deficits (FERD) in BD (N = 30), HR (N = 21), and HC (N = 30) matched for age (years), years of education, and sex using computer-administered face emotions–Matching And Labeling …

Dimensionality Reduction For Classification Of Object Weight From Electromyography, Elnaz Lashgari, Uri Maoz

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Electromyography (EMG) is a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective technology for measuring muscle activity. However, multi-muscle EMG is also a noisy, complex, and high-dimensional signal. It has nevertheless been widely used in a host of human-machine-interface applications (electrical wheelchairs, virtual computer mice, prosthesis, robotic fingers, etc.) and, in particular, to measure the reach-and-grasp motions of the human hand. Here, we developed an automated pipeline to predict object weight in a reach-grasp-lift task from an open dataset, relying only on EMG data. In doing so, we shifted the focus from manual feature-engineering to automated feature-extraction by using pre-processed EMG signals and thus …

Community Based Participatory Research Informed Manualization And Piloting Of E-Training Of A Modified Dialectical Behavior Therapy Intervention, Annika M. Miyamoto

Doctoral Dissertations

This study explores the efficacy of delivering modified dialectical behavior therapy (m-DBT) to direct support staff who work with seriously mentally ill patients with neurocognitive deficits using remote web-based technology. The partnering facility for this study is a residential skilled-nursing facility that provides 24-hour care to individuals under conservatorship. Using a previously piloted m-DBT protocol, qualitative feedback was gathered from four participants with background training in psychology and varying experiences with DBT. All participants had direct knowledge of the treatment environment and experience working with the patient population. Gathered feedback was used to revise the m-DBT protocol to be used …

Psychological Problems Among Patients With Chronic Medical Disorders During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Ali Akbar Asadi-Pooya, Seyed Ali Nabavizadeh, Saeid Sadeghian, Mina Shahisavandi, Zohreh Barzegar, Abdullah Nezafat, Nahid Ashjazadeh, Hamed Bazrafshan Drissi, Ali Sahraian

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

The aim of the current study was to investigate the rates of stress, anxiety, and depression among people in south Iran (a group from the general population without a history of any chronic medical problems, and cohorts of patients were recruited from epilepsy, diabetes, and cardiac disease clinics). We surveyed a sample of people during September 2020: a group of the general population without a history of any chronic medical problems, people with epilepsy, people with diabetes mellitus (DM), and people with cardiac problems. The survey included four general questions and two COVID-19 specific questions [contracting COVID-19, relatives with COVID-19]. …

Enhancing Eating Routines To Support Occupational Functioning, Annamarie Sughair, Karen Park, Susan Macdermott, Becki Cohill

Summer 2021 Virtual OTD Capstone Symposium

As the prevalence of serious mental illness becomes more widespread annually, eating habits have become more recognized as a modifiable risk factor on worsening mental health symptoms (Godos et al., 2020). Eating routines are food-based activities that occur daily, weekly, monthly, and across the lifespan (Green et al., 2021). Food-based activities include obtaining food, preparing food, eating food, and more. Challenges with eating routines are prevalent in individuals in the earlier stages of mental illness (Teasdale et al., 2020). Evidence shows gaps in graduating occupational therapy students and comfortability with addressing eating routines (Wingo et al., 2018).

The purpose of …

Racial/Ethnic Disparities In Alzheimer’S Disease Risk: Role Of Exposure To Ambient Fine Particles, Diane Younan, Xinhui Wang, Tara Gruenewald, Margaret Gatz, Marc L. Serre, William Vizuete, Meredith N. Braskie, Nancy F. Woods, Ka Kahe, Lorena Garcia, Fred Lurmann, Joann E. Manson, Helena C. Chui, Robert B. Wallace, Mark A. Espeland, Jiu-Chiuan Chen

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Whether racial/ethnic disparities in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk may be explained by ambient fine particles (PM_2.5) has not been studied.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, population-based study on a cohort of Black (n=481) and White (n=6004) older women (aged 65-79) without dementia at enrollment (1995-98). Cox models accounting for competing risk were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for racial/ethnic disparities in AD (1996-2010) defined by DSM-IV and the association with time-varying annual average PM_2.5 (1999-2010) estimated by spatiotemporal model.

Results

Over an average follow-up of 8.3 (±3.5) years with 158 incident cases (21 in …

Applying Theoretical Models Of Positive Emotion To Improve Pediatric Asthma: A Positive Psychology Approach, Brooke N. Jenkins, Judith T. Moskowitz, Jill Halterman, Zeev N. Kain

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Positive emotion, encompassing feelings such as joy and happiness, has been shown to predict a multitude of health outcomes. However, the role of positive emotion in pediatric asthma is not understood. No work to date has examined how positive emotion may offer benefits to children and adolescents with asthma. Based on theory and models of positive emotion and health, we hypothesize that positive emotion may improve asthma outcomes through mediators such as health behaviors and health-relevant physiological functioning. Moreover, boosting positive emotion during times of stress may be particularly relevant in mitigating asthma symptoms. In the present commentary, we elaborate …

Intellectual Disability In The Australian Aboriginal Population: A Critical Review, Ryan Yj Chong, Ritesh Bhandarkar

Australian Indigenous HealthBulletin

Objectives

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are the Indigenous population of Australia. Australian Aboriginal people represent a small percentage of the overall Australian population. However, this population group has a higher rate of Intellectual Disability when compared to the non-Indigenous Australian population.

This article aims to review the current literature regarding Intellectual Disability in the Australian Aboriginal Population, build on the current evidence base for Intellectual Disability specific to the Australian Aboriginal population, investigate if any changes to the evidence base have occurred, and identify areas where further research is required. This is in comparison to a literature review …

The Development And Implementation Of A Culturally Safe Survey For Measuring Knowledge, Attitudes And Values Around Fasd And Alcohol Use During Pregnancy In A Remote Australian Aboriginal Community Setting, Martyn Symons, David Tucker, Kaashifah Bruce, Annalee Stearne, Annette Kogolo, Maureen Carter, June Oscar, Glenn Pearson, James P. Fitzpatrick

Australian Indigenous HealthBulletin

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) describes a lifelong neurodevelopmental disability caused by prenatal alcohol exposure that has a devastating impact on individuals, families and communities. The prevalence of FASD is high in some Indigenous communities around the World and the only active case ascertainment prevalence study conducted in Australia found a rate of 19.44 per 100 children in the remote Fitzroy Valley region of Western Australia. Following this study community led FASD prevention activities were implemented under the Marulu (“Worth Nurturing”) Strategy in the Fitzroy Valley.

A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices survey was designed to assess the impact of the …

Resilience-Focused Hiv Care To Promote Psychological Well-Being During Covid-19 And Other Catastrophes, L. Lauren Brown, Erika G. Martin, Hannah K. Knudsen, Heather J. Gotham, Bryan R. Garner

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected people with HIV due to disruptions in prevention and care services, economic impacts, and social isolation. These stressors have contributed to worse physical health, HIV treatment outcomes, and psychological wellness. Psychological sequelae associated with COVID-19 threaten the overall well-being of people with HIV and efforts to end the HIV epidemic. Resilience is a known mediator of health disparities and can improve psychological wellness and behavioral health outcomes along the HIV Continuum of Care. Though resilience is often organically developed in individuals as a result of overcoming adversity, it may be fostered through multi-level internal …

Sleep Disparities During The Covid-19 Pandemic An Investigation Of Aian, Asian, Black, Latinx And White Young Adults, Tiffany Yip, Ye Feng, Jillianne Fowle, Celia B. Fisher

Covid-19 Digital Research

Objectives: This study investigates race-related disparities in sleep duration and quality among diverse young adults during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Design & setting: Online cross-sectional study of young adults in the United States in April 2020.Participants:About 547 American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN), Asian, Black, Latinx, and White young adults ages 18-25 years.

Measurements: Participants completed measures of sleep duration and quality, coronavirus victimization dis-tress, depression, age, sex/gender, employment status, essential worker status, student status, residential region, socioeconomic status, concerns about contracting coronavirus and CDC health risks.

Results: Black young adults reported the largest disparity in sleep duration and quality. For …

Working Memory As A Predictor Of Social Distancing And Face Mask Compliance During Covid-19 Pandemic, Cassandra Jean Kemmel

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about many changes in daily lives around the world. In the United States, face masks and social distancing rules have been suggested and even enforced in areas throughout the country. Compliance with these regulations will in turn, hopefully, reduce transmission and therefore the threat of the COVID-19 virus. Working memory (WM) has been found to be an integral part of the decision-making process, by assessing costs and benefits, both individually and for others. In May 2019, Xie, Campbell, and Zhang (2020) found that WM capabilities were predictive of social distancing compliance. The purpose of this …

Exploration Of Patient Variables And Characteristics Best Suited For Medical Marijuana Treatment For Anxiety And Depressive Disorders, Corey Gazoo

Dissertations

Individuals with posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depressive disorders are currently being prescribed medical marijuana as a treatment in many states across the United States. However, marijuana is still considered a schedule one narcotic by the Drug Enforcement Administration and federal government, which provides several barriers and challenges to conduct research such as approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and following guidelines from the National Institute on Drug Abuse issued by the DEA. Additionally, individuals prescribed medical marijuana for mental health disorders are not always thoroughly instructed on the type of medical marijuana, the dosage, and how frequently to …

Economic Insecurity, Poverty, And Parental Alcohol Misuse, Joey Tucciarone

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Because parental alcohol misuse is associated with numerous negative outcomes for drinkers and other family members, it is important to examine factors predictive of alcohol misuse patterns among parents living with at least one child under the age of 18. Two possible factors include economic insecurity and poverty. This study sought to address whether measures of economic insecurity (i.e., housing and/or food insecurity in the past 12 months) and a dichotomous measure of poverty predict parental binge drinking and parental heavy alcohol consumption in a large population-based sample. It was hypothesized that economic insecurity and poverty, analyzed separately, would predict …

The Moderating Role Of Social Support In Stigma And Symptoms Of Anxiety And Depression, Taylor Phillips

Undergraduate Honors Theses

In this study, we examine the relationship between having a support system and the stigma individuals face with depression and anxiety symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine if having a support system acts as a buffer between perceived stigma and mental health symptoms. For this study, I conducted an online survey to measure symptoms of depression and anxiety, experiences with both perceived and internalized stigma, and social support. While 93 total participants engaged in the survey, only 52 fully completed the survey and passed two attention-check questions to ensure no invalid participation (e.g., BOTS) were present. In …

Preclinical Behavioral Assessment Of Chronic, Intermittent Low-Dose Psilocybin In Rodent Models Of Depression And Anxiety, Harmony I. Risca

Dissertations

Recent studies have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression and anxiety. Amidst the overall success of recent clinical trials using a single high dose of psilocybin, anecdotal reports indicate anxiolytic and antidepressant effects following a repeated low dose regimen. As therapeutic outcomes are often tightly intertwined with the individual’s subjective experience, animal models are used as objective measures to investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the putative antidepressant/anxiolytic effects of psychedelics. Three rodent models predictive of anxiolytic or antidepressant effects were used to evaluate effects of chronic intermittent low dose (CILD) psilocybin treatment; the Light/Dark conflict …

Underreporting On The Mmpi-2-Rf Extends To Extra-Test Measures Of Suicide Risk, Lauren R Khazem, Katrina A Rufino, Megan L Rogers, Austin J Gallyer, Thomas E Joiner, Joye C Anestis

Staff and Researcher Publications

Detection of under-reporting in suicide risk assessment remains a significant concern in clinical practice. The aim of this research is to examine whether under-reporting based on elevated MMPI-2-RF K-r and L-r scale scores may aid in identifying patients with suppressed scores on SUI and extra-test measures of suicide risk. We anticipated that, in voluntarily admitted psychiatric inpatients (N=1,011) and individuals receiving outpatient services in a university-affiliated psychology clinic (N=521), those indicated as under-reporting would produce lower mean scores across SUI and extra-test measures of suicide risk, and that the magnitudes of the associations between SUI and …

Physician Burnout Among West Virginia Primary Care Providers, Kevin S. Mccann, Adam Baus, Joanna Bailey, Laura Boone, Jennifer Boyd, Martha Cook-Carter, Dan Doyle

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Introduction

Work related burnout is highly prevalent in US physicians and linked to adverse effects on patients, providers and organizations. This study measures burnout in West Virginia (WV) primary care providers, allowing for comparison of results to a similar, recent study of US physicians.

Methods

Anonymous survey through email that included Maslach Burnout Inventory, demographic, workload, and practice characteristics. Responses were analyzed using JMP Pro 13. Analysis used JMP Pro 13 for descriptive statistics, chi-square and regression modeling.

Results

Subjects = 110, female/male ratio 1.4, all primary care physicians (PCP), or advanced practice registered nurses or physician assistants (APRN/PA). PCP …

Stair Versus Elevator Use In A University Residence Hall Setting, Vincent Berardi, Benjamin D. Rosenberg, Sophie Srivastava, Noah Estrada-Rand, Julia Frederick

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Objective

Determine the temporal and spatial characteristics of stairs versus elevator use in a university residence hall to inform future physical activity promotion efforts.

Participants

All residents and visitors for a single, four-story residence hall dormitory building located on a college campus in Orange, CA.

Methods

Smart mat systems capable of detecting pedestrian traffic were placed in front of the stairs and elevators on each floor plus a basement. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to compare stair versus elevator usage at different times of the day and on different floors.

Results

Stair versus elevator use varied much more …