Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Implementing A “Naloxone Hub With Many Spokes” Model In Kentucky: Partner Agency Perspectives On Implementation Strategies, Hannah K. Knudsen, Michael Goetz, Shaquita Andrews-Higgins, Sandra Back-Haddix, Olivia A. Davis, Patricia R. Freeman, Douglas R. Oyler, Sharon L. Walsh

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Background: Overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) is a vitally important evidence-based practice for addressing the ongoing opioid epidemic. During the HEALing Communities Study in Kentucky, OEND was dramatically scaled up in eight counties using a “hub with many spokes” model and multifaceted implementation strategies. This aim of this manuscript is to describe qualitative perspectives of partner organizations regarding the utility of the implementation strategies used to expand OEND.   Method: Twenty small-group and 24 individual qualitative interviews were conducted with staff from 44 agencies that implemented OEND through partnerships with the study team. Interviews were conducted 6–8 months after the …

Derivation Of An Intrinsic Brain Activity Biomarker For The Earliest Prediction Of Cognitive Decline, Leslie S. Prichep, Syed N. Zaidi, Kara Brink, Saloni Kanakia, Bo Liang, Yang Jiang, Ruben Armañanzas

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Early identification of cognitive decline in the elderly is essential for timely and effective intervention. Current neuroimaging and clinical biomarkers have largely focused on patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementias, and though effective, have not been demonstrated to be sensitive to the earliest signs of functional abnormalities. The electroencephalogram (EEG), with a millisecond time base, allows a precise exploration of synaptic dysfunction even at the initial stages of the damage. This study introduces a novel non-invasive EEG-based biomarker to predict cognitive decline of participants showing only subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). Baseline EEG recordings from 88 SCI participants who …

Toward A Predictive Model Of Success In Contingency Management: A Proof Of Concept Study Utilizing Behavioral Economic, Clinical Severity, And Alcohol Use Severity Measures, Haily K. Traxler, Christopher T. Franck, Mikhail N. Koffarnus

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

As contingency management (CM) moves from research to practice, researchers have a responsibility to outline the minimum procedural necessities that lead to an effective, sustainable treatment that can be implemented as a mainstream therapy for substance use disorders. To begin identifying the minimum requirements, the purpose of the current study was to provide framework and a first step toward building a risk calculator that predicts treatment outcomes in CM, and can predict the optimal incentive size to prescribe by evaluating behavioral economic factors, demographic variables, and use severity measures in individuals who completed CM treatment for alcohol use. Participants were …

The Impact Of Medicaid Policy Limitations On Access To Eating Disorder Treatment: Uncovering The Consequences Of A System Built To Fail, Meghan Frost

DSW Capstone Projects

Individuals who rely on Medicaid face major barriers when trying to access eating disorder (ED) treatment, reflecting broader patterns of structural disadvantage in publicly funded health care. Research shows delayed diagnosis, limited access to ED specialists, and frequent denials for recommended services. These gaps occur because Medicaid policies do not match the needs of evidence based ED care, resulting in delayed or incomplete care for many individuals with eating disorders.

This issue is highly relevant to social work practice because the policies shaping these barriers are complex and difficult for clients and ED providers to navigate. Social workers across clinics, …

“Medical Cannabis”: Advising Patients While Navigating Medical Ethics And Limited Evidence, Anna-Maria South, Shanna L. Babalonis, Laura C. Fanucchi, Michelle R. Lofwall

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Cannabis is increasingly legalized in more areas of the USA and marketed under the misnomer “medical cannabis.” Yet, there are no official dosing guidelines or approved medical uses for plant cannabis by the Food and Drug Administration. Due to significant federal barriers, research on efficacy, safety, and adverse effects of cannabis is limited. Patients are interested in cannabis as potential treatment of medical issues and/or symptoms and clinicians should include a discussion of the risks of cannabis consumption. However, many risks are not yet known, and clinicians might be unaware of the emerging literature. This perspective summarizes the potential harms …

Discrimination Distress And Current Combustible And Non-Combustible Tobacco Product Use Among Us Youth, 2023, Meman Diaby, Osayande Agbonlahor, Maggie K. Richardson, Joy L. Hart, Shyanika W. Rose, Delvon T. Mattingly

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Introduction: Discrimination is the unfair treatment of people based on their identity. Youth who experience discrimination may cope with associated distress by using tobacco products, with amplified health consequences depending on the type of product.

Methods: We used data from the 2023 National Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 22 069) and derived an overall continuous measure from the 15-item Adolescent Discrimination Distress Index, as well as three continuous discrimination distress sub-indices: educational, institutional, and peer (range for each: 0–5). We defined current tobacco use as two outcomes: any past 30-day use of combustible (cigarettes, cigars, hookah, roll- your-own, pipe, bidis) …

Resilience Shields And Grit Intensifies Subjective Cognitive Decline In Middle‐To‐Older Aged Black Americans, Sunkanmi Folorunsho, Maria Clark, Obinna Odo, Yolanda L. Jackson, Candidus C. Nwakasi, Darlingtina K. Esiaka

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Background: There is growing interest on the relationship between psychosocial factors and cognitive health trajectories in adulthood. While grit and resilience have been shown to influence health outcomes, their differential effects on subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in Black American adults remain understudied. The purpose of this study is to help fill this gap.

Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional research design. Black American participants (N = 242; Mean age = 44.32) responded to a survey assessing SCD, grit, resilience, and sociodemographic factors. Linear regression analysis was performed to test the associations between grit and resilience and SCD, and to …

Evidence Of Heterogeneity In The Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: Spontaneous And Precipitated Withdrawal, Suky Martinez, Jermaine D. Jones, Kelly E. Dunn, Andrew Huhn, Joshua A. Lile, Thomas P. Shellenberg, Laura Brandt

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Aims: This study characterized the heterogeneity of opioid withdrawal by comparing naturally occurring withdrawal during opioid abstinence (spontaneous withdrawal) with abrupt, pharmacologically induced naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in adults with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD).   Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted on de-identified data from 86 adults meeting DSM-5 criteria for moderate-to-severe OUD. Participants either presented in spontaneous withdrawal (n = 28) or underwent naloxone challenge to precipitate withdrawal (n = 58). Withdrawal symptoms were rated using the Wang procedure. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of binary symptom data was performed to identify dominant patterns of symptom co-occurrence. Separate PCAs were then …

Facebook As A Strategy To Deliver A Peer Navigation Intervention For Recently Incarcerated Women With Opioid Use Disorder: A Mixed Methods Descriptive Profile, Martha Tillson, Jaxin Annett, Marguerite A. Webster, Amanda Fallin-Bennett, Mandi Webster, Amber Clemons, Cynthia Robinson, Kevin Crabtree, Casey Baker-Romans, Michele Staton

Center on Drug and Alcohol Research Faculty Publications

Recovery support and treatment linkages are critical during transitions from incarceration to community but can be challenging to deliver to hard-to-reach populations. This paper will examine Facebook contacts between peer navigators (PNs) and women with opioid use disorder (OUD) following jail release to explore women’s use of PN services, including purpose and content of Facebook messages. As part of a larger clinical trial under the Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN), PNs provided OUD treatment navigation and recovery support for 12 weeks following women’s release from jail, using remote options such as Facebook. Facebook Messenger transcripts between PNs and participants …

Evolution Of A Client‐Level Dataset: 20 Years Of National Child Traumatic Stress Network Data Collection, C. A. Purbeck, A. N. Cooke, L. J. Liang, C. Smith, J. Staten, J. Epstein, H. B. Hodgdon, Jessica Eslinger, A. Wells, J. Goodrich, T. H. Bethel, K. Willett, Y. C. Fu, J. A. Fairbank, E. C. Briggs

Center on Trauma and Children Faculty Publications

Objectives: For 20 years, the National Child Traumatic Stress Network's (NCTSN) data collection efforts have been a central mechanism for Clinical Quality Improvement (ClQI). The NCTSN is a federally funded initiative in the United States composed of programs dedicated to raising the standard of care and increasing access to services for children and families who have experienced traumatic events.

Methods: These efforts span three initiatives: the Core Data Set (CDS), the Clinical Improvement through Measurement Initiative (CIMI) Measurement Based Care (MBC), and CIMI Data Sharing (CIMI-DS) that collected and analyzed client-level data to improve care for children and families served …

Correlates Of Recovery Capital Among Women In Jails: Leveraging A Dimensional Recovery Framework, Amanda Fallin-Bennett, Martha Tillson, Jaxin Annett, Hartley Feld, Michele Staton

Nursing Faculty Publications

Background: Recovery capital encompasses internal and external factors that support recovery from substance use disorder, such as employment, social support, and physical and mental health. There is a need for more research on recovery capital among women who are incarcerated, who often face complex barriers to recovery, such as poverty, unemployment, and histories of trauma.

Methods: Women (N ¼ 900) were recruited from Kentucky jails as part of the broader NIDA-funded Kentucky Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN) cooperative project. Measures from baseline interviews (during incarceration) were selected in alignment with the Substance Abuse Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA)’s four …

Clinical And Demographic Characteristics Of Participants In A Hepatitis C Treatment Trial In Rural Kentucky: How Policies Around Treatment Access May Impact Elimination Efforts In The United States, Jennifer R. Havens, Brittney D. Williams, Takako Schaninger, Virginia A. Shepherd-Tackett, Michelle R. Lofwall, Michele Staton, Sharon L. Walsh, Hannah K. Knudsen

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: The advent of curative direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs to treat those actively infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has allowed for discussion around HCV elimination. Restrictive state-by-state policies for the coverage of DAAs for Medicaid recipients may hamper elimination efforts in the United States by limiting access to these curative treatments. Methods: The purpose of the current analysis was to examine the sociodemographic, drug use and clinical characteristics of participants in the Kentucky Viral Hepatitis C Treatment (KeY Treat) study in the context of Medicaid policies in the United States. The goal of KeY Treat was to …

The Interaction Of Tobacco Retailer Density And Rurality With Tobacco Use Prevalence In Kentucky, Shyanika W. Rose, W. Jay Christian, Judy Van De Venne, Delvon T. Mattingly, Bethany Shorey Fennell, Saber Feizy, Mary Kay Rayens

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Purpose: Tobacco retailer density is a key correlate of tobacco use prevalence in the United States, but this relationship has typically been examined in urban areas. We examined the relationship between retailer density and tobacco use across Kentucky counties, a state with high smoking rates and a substantial rural population.

Methods: We obtained a list of tobacco retailers from the 2021 Kentucky Synar program, used for minor’s access inspections. We merged these data with county-level prevalence estimates for cigarette and smokeless tobacco use for each county in Kentucky, calculated using pooled 3-year estimates (2017-2019) of Kentucky Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance …

Acceptability And Appropriateness Of Harm Reduction Vending Machines Compared To Syringe Service Programs In Appalachian Kentucky, Hannah K. Knudsen, Jennifer R. Havens, April M. Young

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Objective:

Many rural people who inject drugs do not use syringe service programs (SSPs). In addition, people who use drugs but do not inject may perceive that SSPs are not intended for their use. Harm reduction vending machines (HRVMs) may be preferred by some individuals. This study examines attitudes and preferences regarding HRVMs to consider possibilities for enhancing the reach of harm reduction services. Method:

Structured surveys were conducted with 712 people who use drugs in two rural Appalachian counties in Kentucky. Participants rated the acceptability/appropriateness of SSPs and HRVMs; HRVM preference was the difference between the two scales. Linear …

Perceived Neighborhood Disadvantage And Current Nicotine Pouch Use Among U.S. Youth, Delvon T. Mattingly, Meman Diaby, Jing Zhang, Juhan Lee, Melinda J. Ickes

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: Nicotine pouches (NPs) are emerging nicotine products that appeal to youth due to their discreet use, tobacco-free formulation, and flavor availability. However, given their recent introduction to the market, little is known about how neighborhood environments may influence US youth NP use.

Methods: We imputed cross-sectional data from the 2023 National Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 22,069, ages 9 + years) and developed a neighborhood risk score (range: 1–4) by averaging 10 items related to neighborhood disorder, safety, and disadvantage. To estimate associations between the risk score and current (past 30-day) NP use, we fit logistic regression models adjusted …

Beyond Weak Ties In Prison: An Investigation Of Core Support Networks Of Incarcerated Persons, Siyun Peng, Martha Tillson, Maria Rockett, Marisa Booty, Carrie B. Oser

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Tie formation has been a core interest of network researchers. However, most existing research on tie formation in prisons has focused on weak ties, assuming that a core network approach is less applicable within total institutions such as prisons. Drawing on egocentric network data from 389 incarcerated individuals and 1352 named network members, this study demonstrates that relationships between incarcerated persons can be examined using a core support network framework. We find that about 20 % of participants include at least one incarcerated peer in their core support networks, with these ties providing both practical and emotional support comparable to …

Decreasing Prevalence In Youth Depressive Episodes: Evidence From The 2021-2024 National Survey On Drug Use And Health, R. Andrew Yockey, Aminul Apu, Timothy Grigsby, Jacob Bleasdale, Delvon T. Mattingly, Rachel Hoopsick

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease and commonly develops during adolescence. The COVID-19 pandemic was linked to significant increases in depressive symptoms among youth, but less is known about whether these increases have continued in recent years.

Objective: Using the first four consecutive years of methodologically comparable national data since the pandemic, we examined changes in past-year major depressive episode (MDE) among U.S. adolescents aged 12–17 years from 2021 to 2024 and evaluated demographic and substance use factors.

Methods: We analyzed pooled, cross-sectional data from the 2021–2024 National Survey on Drug …

Differences In The Use Of Smokeless Tobacco, Alcohol, And Co-Use Among U.S. High-School Students: Analysis Of National Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data, Ganna Kostygina, Yoonsang Kim, Alex Kresovich, Simon Page, Shyanika W. Rose, Sherry L. Emery

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: This study was aimed to examine the bidirectional relationships and patterns of concurrent smokeless tobacco and alcohol use among U.S. high-school students, investigating whether demographic characteristics and behavioral factors differentially predict concurrent versus single substance use of smokeless tobacco or alcohol (referred to as either-alone use in the remaining parts of this paper).

Methods: Analysis of nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Survey data was perfomed, combining 3 cross-sectional surveys (2019, 2021, 2023) from 39,164 students in Grades 9–12. Logistic regression examined the bidirectional smokeless tobacco–alcohol associations, whereas multinomial models compared the characteristics of concurrent users, users of smokeless tobacco …

An Exploratory Study To Determine The Feasibility And Processes Needed To Implement The Immunization Neighborhood To Increase Hpv Vaccination Among African American Adolescents And Adolescents In The General Population: A Multi-Partner Perspective, Jennifer Cunningham-Erves, Freneka Minter, Pamela C. Hull, Amanda F. Dempsey, Alexandria Demons, Mariya Chalise, Consuelo H. Wilkins

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Limited education and healthcare access are major contributors to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination disparities among African American adolescents. The Immunization Neighborhood (IN) involves enhanced communication and collaboration among providers to address people’s needs by expanding access points and education to increase vaccination. Because needs of immunization providers and parents to effectively collaborate are unknown, this study explored the feasibility of and processes needed for IN utilization across key partners: pediatricians, pharmacists, school nurses, health department staff, and African American parent–child dyads. We conducted a semi-structured interviews in a qualitative, descriptive study with a purposive sample of 30 African American parent–child …

Extended-Release Vs Sublingual Buprenorphine In Pregnancy Through 12 Months Post Partum: A Randomized Clinical Trial, T. John Winhusen, Michelle R. Lofwall, Frankie Kropp, Daniel Lewis, Marcela C. Smid, Jessica L. Young, Candace Hodgkins, Elizabeth E. Krans, Zachary Hansen, Elisha M. Wachman, Davida M. Schiff, Constance Guille, Vania Rudolf, Tara Chowdhury, Lawrence Leeman, Mitra Lewis, Abigail G. Matthews, Gerald Cochran, Jacquie King, Christine Wilder, Carmen Rosa

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Importance: Treating opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnancy with sublingual buprenorphine is an evidence-based practice, but it has disadvantages that could be addressed with an extended-release formulation.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of extended-release buprenorphine vs sublingual buprenorphine for OUD in pregnancy through 12 months post partum.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This 2-group, open-label, noninferiority, randomized clinical trial was conducted between July 2, 2020, and October 30, 2024, among adults with OUD and a singleton pregnancy of 6 to 30 weeks’ gestational age at 13 outpatient cross-disciplinary peripartum OUD treatment sites.

Interventions: Randomization to sublingual or extended-release buprenorphine …

Feeding The Family—A Food Is Medicine Intervention: Preliminary Baseline Results Of Clinical Data From Caregivers And Children, Gabriela Drucker, Christa Mayfield, Elizabeth T. Anderson Steeves, Sara Maksi, Tabitha Underwood, Julie Brown, Marissa Frick, Alison Gustafson

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Background/Objectives: Food is Medicine (FIM) programs have been shown to be effective at addressing food and nutrition insecurity among individuals. However, more evidence is needed to determine effective interventions at the household level and their impact on child health outcomes. Feeding the Family is a randomized controlled trial which aims to determine whether the amount of food provided and the ability to select foods in FIM interventions have an incremental effect on child and caregiver clinical outcomes relative to nutrition counseling alone. The objective of this paper is to describe the population at baseline among those enrolled in Feeding the …

Frequent Police Contact And Nonfatal Overdose Among People Who Use Drugs In Rural Appalachia, Javier A. Cepeda, Talia Loeb, Zach R. Salazar, Brittney D. Williams, Brooke Hiltz, Brandon Del Pozo, Eileen V. Pitpitan, Leo Beletsky, April M. Young, Jennifer R. Havens

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: Police contact shapes subsequent health practices and outcomes among people who use drugs (PWUD). However, the relationship between police encounters with overdose remains under-researched. We evaluated how police stop-and-search was associated with nonfatal overdose and identified correlates of frequent police contact among PWUD in rural Kentucky.

Methods: From May 2023– April 2024, 774 PWUD were enrolled in the Social Networks of Appalachian People and KyOSK studies. The exposure of interest was self-reported police stop-and-search in the past 6 months (0, 1–3, ≥4 times). The primary outcome was self-reported nonfatal overdose in the past 6 months. We evaluated the association …

Social Engagement Moderates The Relationship Between Cognitive Functioning, Depressive Symptoms, And Restless Sleep In Older Black Adults, Sunkanmi Folorunsho, Olufunmilola Abraham, Darlingtina K. Esiaka

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Older Black adults face higher dementia risk, but it is unclear whether social engagement offsets the effects of depression and restless sleep.

METHODS: We analyzed 1,905 Black adults aged 50+ from the 2016-2020 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Linear mixed-effects models tested how depressive symptoms, restless sleep, and social engagement predicted baseline cognition and cognitive decline.

RESULTS: Higher depressive symptoms and restless sleep were associated with lower baseline cognition (about 0.2 and 0.5 points lower) and faster decline (β×time ≈ −0.07 and −0.05). Greater social engagement predicted higher baseline cognition (about 0.6 points higher) and slower decline (β×time ≈ …

Who Reconstitutes The Chemotherapy? The Educational And Practice Needs Of Oncology Pharmacists In West Africa: A Call For Multidisciplinary Team Approach In Oncology Care., Runcie C.W. Chidebe, Ramatu M. Alabelewe, Krishna Prasad Sapkota, Darlingtina K. Esiaka, Candidus C. Nwakasi, Gloria C. Okwu, Jacinta Emejulu, Adamu A. Umar, Ndifreke Okwuegbunam, Funsho David, Toyosi Adepoju, Agha A. Agha, Ejike S. Ugwu, Simeon C. Aruah, Richard Mshelia, Rob Duncombe, Noel N. Wannang, Peace C. Babalola, R. Donald Harvey, Cindy O'Bryant, Folakemi T. Odedina

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: Oncology pharmacists (OPs) play a crucial role in cancer care, treatment, survivorship, and multidisciplinary teams (MDTs). OPs have specialized training in designing, administering, monitoring, and modifying oncology chemotherapy; managing adverse events; and evaluating clinical trials and investigational drugs. Yet, the state of OP has remained largely unknown in the clinical oncology workforce of the West African region. Therefore, this study aimed to understand who reconstitutes chemotherapy and to explain the OP educational and practice needs, challenges, and solutions in Nigeria.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a concurrent embedded mixed method design, 35 OPs completed a questionnaire, and 12 others responded …

Description Of Implementing A Mail-Based Overdose Education And Naloxone Distribution Program In Community Supervision Settings During Covid-19, Carrie B. Oser, Margaret Louise Mcgladrey, Douglas Oyler, Hannah K. Knudsen, Sharon L. Walsh, Susannah Stitzer, Michael Goetz, Marisa Booty, Erica Hargis, Sarah Johnson, Michele Staton, Patricia R. Freeman

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: This study uses the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation , and Sustainment (EPIS) model to retrospectively describe the mail-based overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) program developed in collaboration with the Kentucky Department of Corrections (DOC) for use in the HEALing Communities Study in Kentucky (HCS-KY) and details the reach of this innovative delivery model.

Methods: HCS-KY is a community-engaged cluster-randomized trial assessing the effects of implementing evidence-based practices, including OEND, on overdose death reduction across 16 communities highly impacted by the opioid epidemic in Kentucky. ⁶ The study launch coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. All coalitions in the 16 HCS-KY …

Psychological Impacts In Exercise Riders And Professional Jockeys Following Injury, Kelley M. Renner

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

One of the most well-known equestrian sports, horse racing, is not only a cornerstone of Kentucky’s economy, but also a vital part of its culture, with professional jockeys playing an essential role in the local communities and traditions that define the state. Despite its popularity and financial impact, mental health challenges within the sport have continually been shrouded in silence and ignored in research (Ball et al., 2007). Equally concerning is the high injury prevalence, and psychological impact of these injuries (e.g., psychological distress, depression, anxiety, loss of identity, and self-esteem (King et al., 2022; Losty et al., 2019; McConn-Palfreyman …

Investigating The Role Of Dynamic Signaling Of Nrg3-Erbb4 In The Prefrontal Cortex In Mediating Nicotine Withdrawal Phenotypes, Emily Prantzalos

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

While several pharmacotherapies are currently available for nicotine use disorder (NUD), smoking cessation success rates remain below 10% each year. The molecular mechanisms underlying failed quit attempts continue to represent a critical gap in our knowledge. However, recent advances in understanding the genetic contributions to nicotine dependence offer a promising avenue for developing more effective cessation therapies. Prior research has identified genetic variation in Neuregulin 3 (Nrg3) and its cognate receptor ErbB4 as potential contributors to affective nicotine withdrawal (WD) phenotypes and cessation outcomes. Therefore, this dissertation aims to systematically investigate the region-specific, functional role of the Neuregulin Signaling Pathway …

Early Adversity, Impulsivity, And Health Behaviors, Amy Lynn Meadows

Theses and Dissertations--Clinical and Translational Science

Childhood trauma and early adversity are associated with a variety of negative health outcomes, some of which may be mediated by changes to impulsivity as described by the cumulative risk model. The purpose of this project is to provide insight into the effects of cumulative adverse childhood experience on impulsivity in various populations. Three studies examine the effects of early adversity on impulsivity in normal volunteers, parents caring for a child with medical needs, and in patients with diabetes or pre-diabetes with data collected through crowdsourcing. The strongest effects for early adversity on impulsivity were seen in the patients with …

Residual Next-Day Effects Of Alprazolam On Psychomotor Performance And Simulated Driving In Healthy Normal Adults, Stevie C. Roszkowski, Shanna Babalonis, Marion A. Coe, Paul Nuzzo, Michelle R. Lofwall, Laura C. Fanucchi, Sharon L. Walsh

Center on Drug and Alcohol Research Faculty Publications

The prevalence of drugged driving has increased in the United States. Some drugged driving may be unintentional as prescription medications used as sleeping aids, like zolpidem, cause impairment after the predicted duration of therapeutic action has elapsed. The aim of this study was to determine if nighttime administration of alprazolam, a drug commonly prescribed off-label as a sleeping aid, impacts driving performance the following day. Participants were healthy adults (n = 15) who completed a double-blind, double-dummy, within-subjects inpatient study examining the effects of nighttime administration of alprazolam (0.5, 1, and 2 mg), zolpidem (10 mg), and placebo on driving …

A Longitudinal Study Of The Association Between The Teachable Moment Heuristic And Smoking Of Head And Neck Cancer Patients, Tia Borger, Matthew W. Southward, Jessica Maras, Abigayle Feather, Jessica L. Burris

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

Background: The Teachable Moment Heuristic (TMH) posits that change in its three components (ie, affective response, risk perception, and social role/self-concept) could increase motivation and confidence for health promotion, such as smoking cessation. For patients with cancer, smoking cessation can extend survival, while persistent smoking causes numerous problems (eg, cancer recurrence).

Purpose: This intensive longitudinal study with cancer patients aimed to evaluate the link between TMH constructs and smoking outcomes.

Methods: Participants included 42 newly diagnosed head/neck cancer patients who reported smoking in the past month. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire before a 30-day daily assessment. Single-item measures were used …