Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Teaching Gifted Students With Learning Disabilities In The Regular Classroom, Jessica J. Johnson

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

Predicting The Readability Of Transparent Text, Lauren F. V. Scharff, Albert J. Ahumada Jr.

Faculty Publications

Will a simple global masking model based on image detection be successful at predicting the readability of transparent text? Text readability was measured for two types of transparent text: additive (as occurs in head-up displays) and multiplicative (which occurs in see-through liquid crystal display virtual reality displays). Text contrast and background texture were manipulated. Data from two previous experiments were also included (one using very low contrasts on plain backgrounds, and the other using higher-contrast opaque text on both plain and textured backgrounds). All variables influenced readability in at least an interactive manner. When there were background textures, the global …

“Private” Crime In Public Housing: Violent Victimization, Fear Of Crime And Social Isolation Among Women Public Housing Residents, Claire M. Renzetti, Shana L. Maier

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

Although public housing is typically associated with high crime rates, little research has been done on fear of crime or violent victimization experiences among public housing residents. Moreover, there are few studies that look specifically at women’s fear of crime or violent victimization experiences in public housing, despite the fact that women constitute the majority of public housing residents. These issues were examined in the present study through interviews with female public housing residents in Camden, New Jersey (NJ). The interviews reveal high rates of violent victimization, especially at the hands of intimates and acquaintances. Fear of crime is also …

The Validity Of The Behavior Dimensions Scale In The Diagnosis Of Adhd In A Clinic-Referred Sample, Paul A. White

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of the Behavior Dimensions Scale (BDS; McCamey, 1995a; 1995b) in the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Forty-eight children, ages 6 to 11 years old, referred to a university-based psychology clinic for evaluation of ADHD, were participants in the study. Parents and teachers of children completed the parent and teacher rating forms of the BDS as well as the Achenbach parent and teacher rating forms (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL] and Teacher's Report Form [TRF]; Achenbach, 1991a; 1991b) as part of a larger assessment battery. Results suggest that the ADHD …

Innovation In Occupational Therapy Practice: Evidence In Working With Families Caring For Persons With Dementia, Laura N. Gitlin

Center for Applied Research on Aging and Health Research Papers

No abstract provided.

Psychosocial Predictors Of Survival In Persons With Hiv Or Aids, Carlos A. Escoto

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The HIV pandemic is in its second decade of existence. HIV has distinguished itself by effecting every part of the globe. It is estimated that there are currently over 40 million people living with HIV or AIDS diagnoses in the world today. Great strides have been made in the treatment of HIV and AIDS. Combination therapy of drugs has been shown to keep viral replication at very low levels. The result of drug therapies has resulted in keeping persons with HIV from progression to full blown AIDS. Also, drug therapies are responsible for a significant drop in mortality rates from …

Ua3/9/5 Special Announcement - Kelly Autism Project, Wku President's Office

WKU Administration Documents

Speech delivered by WKU president Gary Ransdell announcing the beginning of the Kelly Autism Project at Western Kentucky University.

Adolescent Risk Factors For Sexual Victimization: A Longitudinal Analysis Of Rural Women, Janine M. Zweig, Aline Sayer, Lisa J. Crockett, Judith R. Vicary

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Longitudinal data were used to examine risk factors for sexual victimization among 237 young adult rural women. In this sample, 8% reported experiencing forced sex (i.e., physically violent experiences) and a separate 22% reported experiencing coerced sex (i.e., external psychological manipulation, substance-related coercion, or internal psychological pressure.) Women who had more educated mothers had a greater probability of reporting forced sex. In addition, mothers’ education moderated the relationship between individual risk factors and the probability of reporting forced sex. For women with less educated mothers, higher frequency of sexual activity during adolescence was related to an increased probability of reporting …

What Will My Parents Think? Relations Among Adolescents’ Expected Parental Reactions, Prosocial Moral Reasoning, And Prosocial And Antisocial Behaviors, Jennifer M. Wyatt, Gustavo Carlo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Prior researchers confirmed socialization models depicting parenting practices and social cognitions associated with prosocial and antisocial behaviors. However, little research has focused on processes underlying the link between parenting and these behaviors. Per Grusec and Goodnow’s internalization model, children and adolescents develop expectancies regarding their parents’ reactions to their behaviors. Adolescents’ expected parental reactions to prosocial behaviors were hypothesized to predict prosocial behaviors; expectations regarding antisocial behaviors were expected to predict antisocial behaviors. For this study, 80 adolescents and their parents reported adolescents’ antisocial and prosocial behaviors. Adolescents completed a measure of prosocial moral reasoning and an assessment of how …

Learning To Produce Speech With An Altered Vocal Tract: The Role Of Auditory Feedback, Jeffery A. Jones, Kevin Munhall

Psychology Faculty Publications

Modifying the vocal tract alters a speaker’s previously learned acoustic–articulatory relationship. This study investigated the contribution of auditory feedback to the process of adapting to vocal-tract modifications. Subjects said the word /tɑs/ while wearing a dental prosthesis that extended the length of their maxillary incisor teeth. The prosthesis affected /s/ productions and the subjects were asked to learn to produce ‘‘normal’’ /s/’s. They alternately received normal auditory feedback and noise that masked their natural feedback during productions. Acoustic analysis of the speakers’ /s/ productions showed that the distribution of energy across the spectra moved toward that of normal, unperturbed production …

Father Hunger: Explorations With Adults And Children (Book Review), Jerrold R. Brandell

Social Work Faculty Publications

Herzong, James M. (2001). Father Hunger: Explorations With Adults and Children. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.

Place Conditioning: What Does It Add To Our Understanding Of Ethanol Reward ?, Fred O. Risinger, Christopher L. Cunningham, Rick A. Bevins, Frank A. Holloway

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This article describes the proceedings of a symposium at the 2001 RSA annual meeting in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The cochairs were Fred O. Risinger and Christopher L. Cunningham. Presentations were as follows: (1) Place conditioning: understanding the motivational impact of stimuli, by Rick A. Bevins; (2) Role of historical factors in ethanol place conditioning, by Frank A. Holloway; (3) Ethanol place conditioning in mice: genetic and environmental infl uences, by Christopher L. Cunningham; and (4) Utilization of place conditioning for understanding the neuropharmacology of the rewarding effects of ethanol, by Fred O. Risinger.

Public Displays Of Affection With Relation To Comfort Levels And Culture, Janice R. T. Bryden

Graduate Theses

To determine the tolerance levels of public displays of affection between males, females, Hispanics, and White Non-Hispanics (Whites), a total of 152 participants completed the Attitudes Toward Public Displays of Affection Inventory. While the hypothesis that males would be significantly more tolerant than females of observing public displays of affection was statistically supported for certain settings and certain levels of affection, overall, results may not be clinically meaningful. The second hypothesis, that there would be a significant difference between Hispanics and Whites and their tolerance levels for watching public displays of affection, was not supported. Overall trends indicate passionately kissing …

Plagiocephaly: Developmental And Medical Outcomes, José Leonardo Fuentes

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Plagiocephaly, a condition that is observed by deformation of the head, comes as the result of different etiologies. The most serious involving premature fusion of one or more of the cranial sutures, a condition referred to as craniosynostosis. While children with craniosynostosis may be considered for developmental screening to determine whether they fall at risk for developmental delay, children with plagiocephaly are typically not seen as being at risk, their condition typically treated as a cosmetic problem. This study consisted of 85 children, 37 with plagiocephaly, 9 with craniosynostosis, and 39 nonclinical subjects. Results of this study suggest that children …

Parents' Homophobia And Childrearing Gender Role Beliefs: Correlates In A Local Populations, Angela Ackerman Brogle

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

Center For Psychology Studies Newsletter - Summer 2002, Nova Southeastern University

Center for Psychological Studies Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Reducing Childhood Pedestrian Injuries: Individual Risk Factors (Chapter 3), Katherine Kaufer Christoffel, Lizette Peterson, David Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Most factors influencing the risk of pedestrian injury for children are based on family considerations or community norms, not on individuals. Nevertheless, individual risk factors should be considered when planning prevention programs (Christoffel, Donovan et al. 1996). The potential importance of individual traits has been extensively studied in the hope of finding a factor that could be modified. Considerations of the individual are important because they largely define the child’s risk of injury, even while walking with others. The causal sequence of a child walking to a particular site at a particular time where he or she is injured is …

The Personality Profile Of September 11 Hijack Ringleader Mohamed Atta, Aubrey Immelman

Psychology Faculty Publications

This paper presents the results of a posthumous, indirect assessment of the personality of Mohamed Atta, apparent ringleader in the September 11, 2001 terror attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, from the conceptual perspective of Theodore Millon.

Information concerning Mohamed Atta was collected from media reports in the one-month period following the attack and synthesized into a personality profile using the second edition of the Millon Inventory of Diagnostic Criteria (MIDC), which yields 34 normal and maladaptive personality classifications congruent with Axis II of DSM-IV.

The personality profile yielded by the MIDC was analyzed on the …

The Personality Profile Of Al-Qaida Leader Osama Bin Laden, Aubrey Immelman

Psychology Faculty Publications

This paper presents the results of an indirect assessment of the personality of Osama bin Laden, founder and leader of the al-Qaida terrorist network responsible for the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the United States.

Bin Laden’s primary personality patterns were found to be Ambitious/exploitative and Dauntless/dissenting, with a secondary Distrusting/suspicious orientation, and subsidiary Dominant/controlling and Conscientious/dutiful features.

Ambitious individuals are bold, competitive, and self-assured; they easily assume leadership roles, expect others to recognize their special qualities, and often act as though entitled. Dauntless individuals are bold, courageous, and tough; minimally constrained by the norms of society; routinely engage …

The Need For Proximal Mechanisms To Understand Individual Differences In Altruism, Gustavo Carlo, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

An "Open Peer Commentary" on the article "Altruism and selfishness" by Howard Rachlin.

There are three concerns regarding Rachlin’s altruism model. First, proximal causal mechanisms such as those identified by cognitive neuroscientists and behavioral neuropharmacologists are not emphasized. Second, there is a lack of clear testable hypotheses. And third, extreme forms of altruism are emphasized rather than common forms. We focus on an overarching theme – proximal mechanisms of individual differences in altruism.

Would Smokers With Schizophrenia Benefit From A More Flexible Approach To Smoking Treatment?, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Susy B. Gulliver, Brian Hitsman

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

We evaluated literature that addresses the notion that flexible smoking treatment approaches are warranted for smokers with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Understanding the biological and psychological mechanisms that increase the likelihood of smoking and decrease the motivation to quit for these individuals is addressed within the framework of a neurobiological model. We provide a brief overview of the limited smoking cessation treatment literature for patients with schizophrenia and compare abstinence-focused versus reduction-focused treatment modalities. The potential utility of the reduction-focused approach to tobacco treatment for these smokers is evaluated. Suggestions for future research to address the utility and efficacy of …

Factors Influencing Children To Self-Disclose Sexual Abuse, Mary L. Paine, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Self-disclosure by victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) is critical to initiate legal and therapeutic intervention. Unfortunately, research indicates that lengthy delays in disclosure and even nondisclosure are common. A comprehensive review of the clinical and research literature on CSA and an overview of related bodies of literature was conducted. Areas addressed include the context of sexual abuse as it relates to disclosure, the context and elements of children’s disclosures, motivational factors inhibiting disclosure, and models of the disclosure process. Ancillary and analogue research on secrecy and disclosure are also reviewed. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Too Many Of A Good Thing? The Effects Of Multiple Motivations On Stress, Cost, Fulfillment, And Satisfaction , Marc T. Kiviniemi, Mark Snyder, Allen M. Omoto

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Individuals engage in behaviors to satisfy motivations and can engage in the same behavior to satisfy a variety of different motivations. Previous research has examined how differences in the overall amount of motivation influence outcomes but has not addressed how differences in the number of conceptually distinct motivations one has for a particular action influence outcomes. In two longitudinal field studies, individuals with more than one motivation for volunteering experienced greater negative outcomes than did those who volunteered to satisfy a single motivation. A laboratory study manipulated the number of motivations individuals had for engaging in a volunteer activity. Individuals …

Evaluation Of Florida’S Mental Health And Substance Abuse System Redesign Strategies: Year 1 Report, Neil Jordan, Julienne Giard, Pat Robinson, Rebecca Larsen, Mary R. Murrin

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

What Do We Assess When We Assess A Big 5 Trait? : A Content Analysis Of The Affective, Behavioral, And Cognitive Processes Represented In Big 5 Personality Inventories, Lisa M. Pytlik Zillig, Scott H. Hemenover, Richard A. Dienstbier

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

What are personality traits? Are all “broad” traits equally broad in the constructs they encompass and in the pervasiveness of their effects? Or are some traits more or less affective, behavioral, or cognitive in nature? The present study examined these issues as they applied to the Big 5 traits of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Expert and novice raters judged the extent to which items from four popular Big 5 inventories contain behavioral, cognitive, or affective components. Traits and inventories were then compared in terms of their relative assessment of these components. Results indicate convergence among inventories but remarkable …

The Role Of Psychologists In Primary Care: An Integrative Curriculum, Gary Charles Hawley

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Psychologists have been service providers in the health care sector for many years. They are consistently recognized as valued members of health care teams but are not frequently included as primary care providers. Integrated primary care services that include psychologists are a positive step toward achieving a comprehensive model of patient care. The biopsychosocial model is suggested to supplant the current biomedical model for health and wellness conceptualization. Psychologists are trained in the dynamic interplay between biological, psychological, and social domains. However, education at the graduate level for psychologists working specifically in primary care has not been well conceptualized, developed …

The Impact Of Systematically Varying The Duration Of Breath Samples During Infrared-Based Alcohol Breath Testing, Chris C. Clatterbuck

Dissertations

The present study set out to investigate the reliability and performance of the BAC DataMaster®, an infrared-based alcohol breath testing instrument. The focus of this study was to determine: (a) the impact of varying breath sample duration during testing, (b) if Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) levels produced by the DataMaster® (BAC_DM) are significantly different from BAC levels produced by analysis of whole blood (BAC_WB), and (c) if the relationship between BAC_DM estimates and BAC_WB is influenced by the amount of alcohol an examinee has ingested. Each of 27 participants was randomly assigned to one …

Truth Serum And Terrorism, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes several epistemological--as opposed to ethical and moral--anxieties in administering drugs to individuals for the purpose of securing truths supporting the United States Government (USG)-declared war against terrorism with global research.

Effect Of Non-Nicotinic Moist Snuff Replacement And Lobeline On Withdrawal Symptoms During 48-H Smokeless Tobacco Deprivation, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Frank L. Collins Jr., Lee M. Cohen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The present study investigated the effects of two herbal components (BACCOFF^TM and DIPSTOP ™) of a commercially available smokeless tobacco treatment program for reducing subjective withdrawal symptoms during deprivation. One component, BACCOFF™, is a non-nicotinic chew. The second component, DIPSTOP™, is a liquid containing the alkaloid lobeline, which to some extent mimics peripheral nicotinic effects. All participants (N = 22 males) were placed in four conditions: BACCOFF™ + DIPSTOP™, BACCOFF™ + placebo control, DIPSTOP™ only, and placebo control only. The conditions involved 48 h of deprivation, and subjects were exposed to one condition per week for 4 weeks. …

Affective Development Of Battered Women Subsequent To Leaving Abusive Partner, Cheryl Harrah

Graduate Theses

The present study consisted of semi-structured interviews of formerly battered women who have been out of the relationship for at least one year. The interviews focused on the women’s narratives concerning their experience leaving the relationship and were coded for affect using an Emotional Adjective Checklist. A total of 10 women were recruited from the campus of The University of Texas of the Permian Basin. While each story was unique, a pattern did emerge whereby the women expressed feelings of fear and relief, followed by depression, numbness, and resolve to survive. Long term emotional consequences of the abuse that persisted …