Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
- Keyword
-
- College students (7)
- Drive for muscularity (6)
- Circadian rhythm (5)
- Gender (5)
- Locomotor activity (5)
-
- Disordered eating (4)
- Drive for thinness (4)
- Gender differences (4)
- Children (3)
- Chronotype (3)
- Reaching (3)
- Sexual development (3)
- Behavior (2)
- Cerebral palsy (2)
- Community Health (2)
- Coping (2)
- Counselor Education (2)
- Development (2)
- E-learning (2)
- Early intervention (2)
- Father involvement (2)
- Internalized images (2)
- Measurement (2)
- Media (2)
- Media influence (2)
- Obesity (2)
- Object exploration (2)
- Obligatory exercise (2)
- Service learning (2)
- Tacit knowledge (2)
Articles 1 - 30 of 82
Full-Text Articles in Psychiatry and Psychology
Hand-Use Preferences For Reaching And Object Exploration In Children With Impaired Upper Extremity Functioning: The Role Of Environmental Affordances, Iryna Babik, Michele A. Lobo
Hand-Use Preferences For Reaching And Object Exploration In Children With Impaired Upper Extremity Functioning: The Role Of Environmental Affordances, Iryna Babik, Michele A. Lobo
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Infants and young children with weakened or impaired upper extremity functioning often develop a strong hand-use “preference” for reaching and object manipulation. While “preferring” their stronger hand, they often partially or completely ignore their “non-preferred” hand. Such manual lateralization might impede complex object exploration, which would negatively affect children’s cognitive development. The question is whether environmental affordances would significantly affect children’s manifested hand-use “preferences” by promoting the use of the “non-preferred” hand. The current sample included 17 children (5 males; 13.9 ± 8.7 months at baseline) with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (arthrogryposis). The reaching and object exploration of the children were …
Two Decades Of Coparenting Research: A Scoping Review, Cynthia G. Campbell
Two Decades Of Coparenting Research: A Scoping Review, Cynthia G. Campbell
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
In response to recent theoretical advances in coparenting and increased scholarly interest, coparenting research in resident families has burgeoned in the past twenty years making it difficult to assess primary findings. This review integrates findings from the research and provides an overview of supported conclusions, offering access to the research in a manageable and approachable form. Research evidence demonstrates how the characteristics of each parent, the state of their romantic relationship, the contexts in which they reside, and their child’s characteristics all influence how they function as a coparental team. Positive coparenting, in turn, leads to better marital relationships, greater …
Descriptive Norms Caused Increases In Mask Wearing During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Samantha L. Heiman, Scott Claessens, Jessica D. Ayers, Diego Guevara Beltrán, Andrew Van Horn, Edward R. Hirt, Athena Aktipis, Peter M. Todd
Descriptive Norms Caused Increases In Mask Wearing During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Samantha L. Heiman, Scott Claessens, Jessica D. Ayers, Diego Guevara Beltrán, Andrew Van Horn, Edward R. Hirt, Athena Aktipis, Peter M. Todd
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Human sociality is governed by two types of social norms: injunctive norms, which prescribe what people ought to do, and descriptive norms, which reflect what people actually do. The process by which these norms emerge and their causal influences on cooperative behavior over time are not well understood. Here, we study these questions through social norms influencing mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Leveraging 2 years of data from the United States (18 time points; n = 915), we tracked mask wearing and perceived injunctive and descriptive mask wearing norms as the pandemic unfolded. Longitudinal trends suggested that norms and …
Checking The Scales: A Psychometric Evaluation Of The Weight Concerns Scale In A Sample Of College-Aged Cisgender Men From The United States, Kyle M. Brasil, Callie E. Mims, Ryon C. Mcdermott, Mary E. Pritchard
Checking The Scales: A Psychometric Evaluation Of The Weight Concerns Scale In A Sample Of College-Aged Cisgender Men From The United States, Kyle M. Brasil, Callie E. Mims, Ryon C. Mcdermott, Mary E. Pritchard
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Historically, western societies have considered body image issues to predominantly affect young, White women. While in recent years men’s body image issues have been increasingly highlighted by researchers and the media alike, many instruments currently used to identify clinically significant body image disturbances were developed and validated with samples solely of women and/or girls. One such measure, Killen et al.’s (1994) Weight Concerns Scale (WCS), was initially validated in a sample of adolescent girls. The WCS has yet to be validated in samples of men, despite being used in large national surveys of college men and women (e.g., the Healthy …
The Effect Of Start-Play Intervention On Reaching-Related Exploratory Behaviors In Children With Neuromotor Delays: A Secondary Analysis Of A Randomized Controlled Trial, Iryna Babik
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Aims
Children with neuromotor delays are at risk for reaching and object exploration impairments, which may negatively affect their cognitive development and daily activity performance. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Sitting Together And Reaching To Play (START-Play) intervention on reaching-related exploratory behaviors in children with neuromotor delays.
Methods
In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 112 children (Mean = 10.80, SD = 2.59 months old at baseline) with motor delays were randomly assigned to receive START-Play intervention or usual care-early intervention. Performance for ten reaching-related exploratory behaviors was assessed at baseline and 1.5, 3, 6, 12 months post-baseline. …
Unpredictable Needs Are Associated With Lower Expectations Of Repayment, Jessica D. Ayers
Unpredictable Needs Are Associated With Lower Expectations Of Repayment, Jessica D. Ayers
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Sometimes people help one another expecting to be repaid, while at other times people help without an expectation of repayment. What might underlie this difference in expectations of repayment? We investigate this question in a nationally representative sample of US adults (N = 915), and find that people are more likely to expect repayment when needs are perceived to be more predictable. We then replicate these findings in a new sample of US adults (N = 417), and show that people have higher expectations of repayment when needs are perceived to be more predictable because people assign greater …
Change In Students’ Peer Evaluations Of Requirements Elicitation Interviews Across The Pre-Pandemic And Pandemic-Affected Semesters, Dmytro Babik, Iryna Babik
Change In Students’ Peer Evaluations Of Requirements Elicitation Interviews Across The Pre-Pandemic And Pandemic-Affected Semesters, Dmytro Babik, Iryna Babik
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Successful development of an information system to solve a business problem depends on the analyst’s ability to elicit system requirements from a user. This complex competency could be trained via critical peer evaluation of the requirements elicitation (RE) interviews. In this study, 294 students across four pre-pandemic and two COVID-19 pandemic-affected semesters evaluated recorded sample RE interviews of low and high quality. A piecewise regression modeling was used to examine the change in students’ evaluations separately for the pre-pandemic and pandemic-affected semesters. Current results showed that students exhibited inflated evaluation scores (relative to instructors’ scores) for the high-quality, but not …
Early Exploration Of One’S Own Body, Exploration Of Objects, And Motor, Language, And Cognitive Development Relate Dynamically Across The First Two Years Of Life, Iryna Babik, James Cole Galloway, Michele A. Lobo
Early Exploration Of One’S Own Body, Exploration Of Objects, And Motor, Language, And Cognitive Development Relate Dynamically Across The First Two Years Of Life, Iryna Babik, James Cole Galloway, Michele A. Lobo
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Early exploratory behaviors have been proposed to facilitate children’s learning, impacting motor, cognitive, language, and social development. This study related the performance of behaviors used to explore oneself to behaviors used to explore objects, and then related both types of exploratory behaviors to motor, language, and cognitive measures longitudinally from 3 through 24 months of age via secondary analysis of an existing dataset. Participants were 52 children (23 full-term, 29 preterm). Previously published results from this dataset documented delays for preterm relative to full-term infants in each assessment. The current results related performance among the assessments throughout the first 2 …
From Hemispheric Asymmetry Through Sensorimotor Experiences To Cognitive Outcomes In Children With Cerebral Palsy, Iryna Babik
From Hemispheric Asymmetry Through Sensorimotor Experiences To Cognitive Outcomes In Children With Cerebral Palsy, Iryna Babik
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Recent neuroimaging studies allowed us to explore abnormal brain structures and interhemispheric connectivity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Behavioral researchers have long reported that children with CP exhibit suboptimal performance in different cognitive domains (e.g., receptive and expressive language skills, reading, mental imagery, spatial processing, subitizing, math, and executive functions). However, there has been very limited cross-domain research involving these two areas of scientific inquiry. To stimulate such research, this perspective paper proposes some possible neurological mechanisms involved in the cognitive delays and impairments in children with CP. Additionally, the paper examines the ways motor and sensorimotor experience during …
Untangling The Associations Between Generalized Anxiety And Body Dissatisfaction: The Mediating Effects Of Social Physique Anxiety Among Collegiate Men And Women, Mary Pritchard, Kyle Brasil, Ryon Mcdermott, Anna Holdiman
Untangling The Associations Between Generalized Anxiety And Body Dissatisfaction: The Mediating Effects Of Social Physique Anxiety Among Collegiate Men And Women, Mary Pritchard, Kyle Brasil, Ryon Mcdermott, Anna Holdiman
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Researchers disagree on which types of anxiety influence body dissatisfaction and how gender (cisgender men vs. cisgender women) may impact these associations. Specifically, little is known about how generalized anxiety and social physique anxiety combine to predict body dissatisfaction in men and women. The purpose of the present study was to explore a moderated mediation model in which the relationships between generalized anxiety and body dissatisfaction (drive for thinness and drive for muscularity) were mediated by social physique anxiety and moderated by gender. Data from 423 U.S. college students (n = 259 women) were analyzed using multigroup structural equation …
A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Of The Comparison Question Polygraph Test, Charles R. Honts, Steven Thurber, Mark Handler
A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Of The Comparison Question Polygraph Test, Charles R. Honts, Steven Thurber, Mark Handler
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
We conducted a meta‐analysis on the most commonly used forensic polygraph test, the Comparison Question Test. We captured as many studies as possible by using broad inclusion criteria. Data and potential moderators were coded from 138 datasets. The meta‐analytic effect size including inconclusive outcomes was 0.69 [0.66, 0.79]. We found significant moderator effects. Notably, level of motivation had a positive linear relationship with our outcome measures. Information Gain analysis of CQT outcomes representing the median accuracy showed a significant information increase over interpersonal deception detection across almost the complete range of base rates. Our results suggest that the CQT can …
Start-Play Physical Therapy Intervention Impacts Motor And Cognitive Outcomes In Infants With Neuromotor Disorders: A Multisite Randomized Clinical Trial, Iryna Babik
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Objective. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the Sitting Together and Reaching to Play (START-Play) intervention in young infants with neuromotor disorders.
Method. This randomized controlled trial compared usual care early intervention (UC-EI) with START-Play plus UC-EI. Analyses included 112 infants with motor delay (55 UC-EI, 57 START-Play) recruited at 7 to 16 months of age across 5 sites. STARTPlay included twice-weekly home visits with the infant and caregiver for 12 weeks provided by physical therapists trained in the START-Play intervention; UC-EI was not disrupted. Outcome measures were the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition …
Self-Reported Eating Disorder Risk In Lean And Non-Lean Ncaa Collegiate Athletes, Anna Holdiman Mcdonald, Mary Pritchard, Mary Kate Mcguire
Self-Reported Eating Disorder Risk In Lean And Non-Lean Ncaa Collegiate Athletes, Anna Holdiman Mcdonald, Mary Pritchard, Mary Kate Mcguire
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Purpose The purpose of this present study was to examine gender differences in overall scores on the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) college athletes in “lean” sports versus “non-lean” sports.
Methods Using a self-report survey design, this study examined eating disorder risk in 121 NCAA college athletes, using the EAT-26. We expected that female athletes and athletes in “lean” sports would report higher scores on the EAT-26.
Results There was a significant effect of sport type (lean vs. non-lean) on eating attitudes and behaviors, with those in non-lean sports reporting higher scores, on average, on …
A Perspective On The Development Of Hemispheric Specialization, Infant Handedness, And Cerebral Palsy, Claudio L. Ferre, Iryna Babik, George F. Michel
A Perspective On The Development Of Hemispheric Specialization, Infant Handedness, And Cerebral Palsy, Claudio L. Ferre, Iryna Babik, George F. Michel
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Cerebral Palsy (CP), a common form of neurological pediatric disability, results from pre- or perinatal brain injury. Although there is growing evidence of the efficacy of motor learning-based therapies, several factors interact to produce variability in impairment and limit the effectiveness of these therapies. The variability of hand function present in children with CP indicates that a range of developmental pathways must contribute to the manifestation of individually unique characteristics of impairment. Despite two decades of progress using therapies derived from understanding the mechanisms controlling hand function, very little is known about the sensorimotor experiences occurring during development that likely …
Masculinity And Suicidal Desire In A Community Sample Of Homeless Men: Bringing Together Masculinity And The Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide, Matthew C. Genuchi
Masculinity And Suicidal Desire In A Community Sample Of Homeless Men: Bringing Together Masculinity And The Interpersonal Theory Of Suicide, Matthew C. Genuchi
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Men’s high suicide death rates are likely associated with a range of factors, notably men’s conformity to predominant masculine gender role norms and men’s gender-related attitudes toward suicide death based on those norms. The purpose of this study was to investigate how two models integrating men’s conformity to hegemonic masculine gender role norms, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness predict the existence and severity of suicidal ideation in a sample of men at high risk for suicide, homeless men. The study results indicated that multiple norms were predictive of the existence or severity of suicidal ideation while perceived burdensomeness predicted both …
Play With Objects In Children With Arthrogryposis: Effects Of Intervention With The Playskin LiftTm Exoskeletal Garment, Iryna Babik, Andrea B. Cunha, Michele A. Lobo
Play With Objects In Children With Arthrogryposis: Effects Of Intervention With The Playskin LiftTm Exoskeletal Garment, Iryna Babik, Andrea B. Cunha, Michele A. Lobo
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) often exhibit arm movement impairments that can negatively impact activities of daily living, such as reaching, object exploration, object play, and self-care. This study evaluated the effects of intervention involving the Playskin LiftTM (Playskin) exoskeletal garment on arm function during object play for children with AMC. Seventeen children with AMC (5 males; 6-35 months at the beginning of the study) were tested in their homes biweekly with and without the Playskin throughout a 1-month Baseline, 4-month Intervention, and 1-month Post-Intervention. Within sessions (assistive effects), children contacted and manipulated objects more while …
The Effects Of Internalized Shame And Self-Blame On Disordered Eating And Drive For Muscularity In Collegiate Men, Brent Larison, Mary Pritchard
The Effects Of Internalized Shame And Self-Blame On Disordered Eating And Drive For Muscularity In Collegiate Men, Brent Larison, Mary Pritchard
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Purpose The purpose of the present study was to explore the relative contributions of self-blame and internalized shame to variability in disordered eating and drive for muscularity scores in collegiate men.
Method One hundred and sixty-eight male college students in the Rocky Mountain region of the USA completed valid and reliable self-report survey measures: the Drive for Muscularity Scale, the Internalized Shame Scale, the Shame and Guilt Eating Scale to assess self-blame, and the Eating Attitudes Test. Cross-sectional data were analyzed through descriptive, correlation, and regression statistics.
Results Men who reported higher levels of self-blame, r = 0.39, p < 0.001, and internalized shame, r …
Exploring Determinants Of Behavioral Chronotype In A Diurnal-Rodent Model Of Human Physiology, Roberto Refinetti, Gabrielle Earle, G. J. Kenagy
Exploring Determinants Of Behavioral Chronotype In A Diurnal-Rodent Model Of Human Physiology, Roberto Refinetti, Gabrielle Earle, G. J. Kenagy
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
studies conducted with human participants have shown that differences in chronotype, defined as individual patterns of early or late beginning of daily activity, have implications for many biobehavioral processes, such as cognitive performance, mood, impulsivity, academic achievement of college students, and mental health. However, the determinants of individual variation in chronotype have not been investigated. Basic research on circadian rhythms has provided a basis for investigating the causes of chronotype variation, but experimental tests of pertinent hypotheses are difficult to conduct with human subjects. This limitation can be overcome by use of animal models. This study was conducted with a …
Risk And Protective Factors For Secondary Traumatic Stress And Burnout Among Home Visitors, Sandina Begic, Jennifer M. Weaver, Theodore W. Mcdonald
Risk And Protective Factors For Secondary Traumatic Stress And Burnout Among Home Visitors, Sandina Begic, Jennifer M. Weaver, Theodore W. Mcdonald
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The overarching goal of this study was to understand the context of home visitor secondary traumatic stress and burnout, and how this might affect intention to quit among home visitors, particularly focusing on potential risk factors and supportive strategies identified by the home visitors. All home visitors providing services in the state in which the research was conducted (N = 27) completed a structured interview and a quantitative survey at two time points, 6 months apart. Results indicated that more than two-thirds of the home visitors experienced either medium or high levels of secondary traumatic stress and burnout over the …
Teaching Visually Impaired College Students In Introductory Statistics, Brian W. Stone, Donovan Kay, Anthony Reynolds
Teaching Visually Impaired College Students In Introductory Statistics, Brian W. Stone, Donovan Kay, Anthony Reynolds
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Instructors of postsecondary classes in statistics rely heavily on visuals in their teaching, both within the classroom and in resources like textbooks, handouts, and software, but this information is often inaccessible to students who are blind or visually impaired (BVI). The unique challenges involved in adapting both pedagogy and course materials to accommodate a BVI student may provoke anxiety among instructors teaching a BVI student for the first time, and instructors may end up feeling unprepared or “reinventing the wheel.” We discuss a wide variety of accommodations inside and outside of the classroom grounded in the empirical literature on cognition …
Father–Daughter Bonds: A Comparison Of Adolescent Daughters’ Relationships With Resident Biological Fathers And Stepfathers, Cynthia G. Campbell, Elizabeth J. Winn
Father–Daughter Bonds: A Comparison Of Adolescent Daughters’ Relationships With Resident Biological Fathers And Stepfathers, Cynthia G. Campbell, Elizabeth J. Winn
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Objective: To investigate whether the interpersonal dynamics of closeness are different in stepfather–stepdaughter versus father–daughter relationships during adolescence.
Background: Establishing a general process model of the relational factors contributing to greater closeness between fathers and daughters is a preliminary step toward examining variations in such processes.
Method: The data were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (ADD Health), a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Respondents were female adolescents who were living with either a biological father (n = 1,881) or stepfather (n = 273) and reported on the availability and involvement of their (step)fathers, …
Diurnally Active Rodents For Laboratory Research, Roberto Refinetti, G. J. Kenagy
Diurnally Active Rodents For Laboratory Research, Roberto Refinetti, G. J. Kenagy
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Although inbred domesticated strains of rats and mice serve as traditional mammalian animal models in biomedical research, the nocturnal habits of these rodents make them inappropriate for research that requires a model with human-like diurnal activity rhythms. We conducted a literature review and recorded locomotor activity data from four rodent species that are generally considered to be diurnally active, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), the degu (Octodon degus), the African (Nile) grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus), and the antelope ground squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus). Our data collected under 12L:12D light-dark cycles confirmed and expanded …
Promoting Critical Thinking Through Service Learning: A Home-Visiting Case Study, Cynthia G. Campbell, Brianna R. Oswald
Promoting Critical Thinking Through Service Learning: A Home-Visiting Case Study, Cynthia G. Campbell, Brianna R. Oswald
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
As stated in APA Learning Outcomes 2 and 3, two central goals of higher education instruction are promoting students’ critical thinking skills and connecting student learning to real-life applications. To meet these goals, a community-based service-learning experience was designed using task value, interpersonal accountability, cognitive dissonance, and guided reflection, and was implemented to motivate and promote students’ critical thinking skills in a human development psychology course. Students in this course served as home visitors or support-group facilitators to vulnerable families and reflected on their experiences in class assignments. Qualitative evidence from class discussions and journal entries, and quantitative data from …
Circadian Rhythms Of Body Temperature And Locomotor Activity In The Antelope Ground Squirrel, Ammospermophilus Leucurus, Roberto Refinetti, G. J. Kenagy
Circadian Rhythms Of Body Temperature And Locomotor Activity In The Antelope Ground Squirrel, Ammospermophilus Leucurus, Roberto Refinetti, G. J. Kenagy
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
We studied circadian rhythms of body temperature and locomotor activity in antelope ground squirrels (Ammospermophilus leucurus) under laboratory conditions of a 12L:12D light-dark cycle and in constant darkness. Antelope ground squirrels are diurnally active and, exceptionally among ground squirrels and other closely related members of the squirrel family in general, they do not hibernate. Daily oscillations in body temperature consisted of a rise in temperature during the daytime activity phase of the circadian cycle and a decrease in temperature during the nighttime rest phase. The body temperature rhythms were robust (71% of maximal strength) with a daily range …
Civility And Academic Freedom: Who Defines The Former (And How) May Imperil Rights To The Latter, Theodore W. Mcdonald, James D. Stockton, R. Eric Landrum
Civility And Academic Freedom: Who Defines The Former (And How) May Imperil Rights To The Latter, Theodore W. Mcdonald, James D. Stockton, R. Eric Landrum
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
An alarming occurrence in academia involves the discipline of faculty, under the guise of violating civility or collegiality codes, for engaging in what should be protected academic free speech. This often occurs when unprincipled and/or corporate-minded administrators seek to punish or dissuade faculty from challenging or questioning their decisions or policy initiatives, or for speaking up about policy violations or lack of due process. The ambiguity of terms such as civility and collegiality, when selectively defined by administrators, can be used to stifle, dissuade or punish academic free speech. Ways to identify and address these problems are presented.
Daily Rhythmicity Of Behavior Of Nine Species Of South American Feral Felids In Captivity, Sciabarrasi Bagilet Antonio, Raúl Delmar Cerutti, María Cristina Scaglione, Giuseppe Piccione, Roberto Refinetti
Daily Rhythmicity Of Behavior Of Nine Species Of South American Feral Felids In Captivity, Sciabarrasi Bagilet Antonio, Raúl Delmar Cerutti, María Cristina Scaglione, Giuseppe Piccione, Roberto Refinetti
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The authors analyzed the daily activity rhythms of the domestic cat and of eight of the ten feral felid species that are indigenous to South America. All species showed daily rhythmicity of activity in captivity under a natural light-dark cycle. The robustness of the rhythmicity varied from species to species, but the grand mean of 34% was within the range of robustness previously described for mammalian species ranging in size from mice to cattle. There was not a sharp division between diurnal and nocturnal felids. Instead, what was found was a gradient of diurnality going from the predominantly nocturnal margay …
Parenting And Adolescents’ Psychological Adjustment: Longitudinal Moderation By Adolescents’ Genetic Sensitivity, April S. Masarik
Parenting And Adolescents’ Psychological Adjustment: Longitudinal Moderation By Adolescents’ Genetic Sensitivity, April S. Masarik
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
We examined whether adolescents’ genetic sensitivity, measured by a polygenic index score, moderated the longitudinal associations between parenting and adolescents’ psychological adjustment. The sample included 323 mothers, fathers, and adolescents (177 female, 146 male; Time 1 [T1] average age = 12.61 years, SD = 0.54 years; Time 2 [T2] average age = 13.59 years, SD = 0.59 years). Parents’ warmth and hostility were rated by trained, independent observers using videotapes of family discussions. Adolescents reported their symptoms of anxiety, depressed mood, and hostility at T1 and T2. The results from autoregressive linear regression models showed that adolescents’ genetic sensitivity moderated …
Chronotype, Class Times, And Academic Achievement Of University Students, Tristan Enright, Roberto Refinetti
Chronotype, Class Times, And Academic Achievement Of University Students, Tristan Enright, Roberto Refinetti
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Numerous studies over the years have documented an effect of human chronotypes on physiological and psychological processes. Studies evaluating the impact of an individual’s chronotype on his/her academic achievement have indicated that morning chronotypes have an academic advantage over evening chronotypes. However, these studies did not account for the time of day in which the participants were being evaluated. The goal of the present study was to examine whether morning chronotypes do have an academic advantage over evening chronotypes when the time-of-day of classes and exams is taken into consideration. We obtained morningness-eveningness scores and course grades from 207 university …
Western Diet Affects The Murine Circadian System Possibly Through The Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Roberto Refinetti
Western Diet Affects The Murine Circadian System Possibly Through The Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Roberto Refinetti
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Consumption of a high-fat diet characteristic of human Western diet has been shown to affect the circadian system of laboratory rodents. The present study confirms an effect of Western diet on the circadian system of mice, specifically a shortening of the free-running circadian period of running-wheel activity, in addition to increased weight gain. Decimation of the gut microbiota by broad spectrum antibiotic treatment reversed the effect of Western-diet feeding on the free-running period, which suggests that the effect of Western-diet feeding on the circadian system is mediated by the gastrointestinal microbiota. This finding is particularly relevant in view of recent …
Stress And Child Development: A Review Of The Family Stress Model, April S. Masarik, Rand D. Conger
Stress And Child Development: A Review Of The Family Stress Model, April S. Masarik, Rand D. Conger
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
In the present report, we provide an illustrative review of the Family Stress Model (FSM) framework1 to understand how family stress influences children across development in physical, social-emotional, and cognitive domains. We note that the FSM as a theory has evolved through inspection of: (a) new explanatory pathways (mediators); (b) factors that moderate FSM pathways; and (c) joint tests of competing models. Also important, most researchers cited in this review used longitudinal designs to test the proposed causal ordering of FSM pathways, which replicated among a diverse set of families varied in structure, ethnic background, and geographic location. We …