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Articles 1 - 30 of 248
Full-Text Articles in Psychiatry and Psychology
Infl Uence Of Nicotine On Positive Affect In Anhedonic Smokers, Jessica Werth Cook, Bonnie Spring, Dennis E. Mcchargue
Infl Uence Of Nicotine On Positive Affect In Anhedonic Smokers, Jessica Werth Cook, Bonnie Spring, Dennis E. Mcchargue
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Rationale – The possibility that individuals administer nicotine to self-regulate persistent negative affect has received interest as a possible explanation for the high prevalence of affectively vulnerable smokers. Relatively overlooked, however, is the possibility that smokers might also self-administer nicotine to elevate low positive affect. Objectives – This study examined whether nicotine administration augmented anhedonic smokers’ positive affective response to a positive mood induction. Materials and methods – Fifty regular smokers (50% female) underwent two positive mood inductions during which they smoked either a nicotinized or denicotinized cigarette in counterbalanced order. Positive affect was assessed before and at two time …
Aboriginal And Non—Aboriginal Australia: The Dilemma Of Apologies, Forgiveness, And Reconciliation, David Mellor, Di Bretherton, Lucy Firth
Aboriginal And Non—Aboriginal Australia: The Dilemma Of Apologies, Forgiveness, And Reconciliation, David Mellor, Di Bretherton, Lucy Firth
Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)
This article presents a qualitative study of the indigenous Australian perspective on reconciliation with nonindigenous Australia, with a focus on the role of an apology for the oppression and violence perpetrated by nonindigenous Australians, and for- giveness on the part of indigenous Australians. A brief historical analysis of the rela- tionship between Aborigines and waves of settlers is presented to demonstrate the ex- tent of the wrong that was perpetrated against Aborigines and the need for social as well as practical reconciliation in the current context. It is argued that negotiated for- giveness is a concept that is pertinent to …
Book Review: Using Psychology To Make A Difference, Brian H. Bornstein
Book Review: Using Psychology To Make A Difference, Brian H. Bornstein
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This is a book whose time has come. It collects papers presented at a symposium on applied psychology held at Claremont Graduate University, and that is fitting, as Claremont has one of the leading programs in applied psychology. Most of the chapter authors (8 of 15) are themselves Claremont faculty, and the editors have also gathered a number of impressive outside contributors, such as Philip Zimbardo, Albert Bandura, Robert Rosenthal, Diane Halpern, Stanley Sue, and Elizabeth Loft us. What all these individuals have in common is an interest in using psychology to better the human condition and, in the words …
Child Maltreatment History And Subsequent Romantic Relationships: Exploring A Psychological Route To Dyadic Difficulties, David K. Dilillo, Terri Lewis, Andrea Di Loreto-Colgan
Child Maltreatment History And Subsequent Romantic Relationships: Exploring A Psychological Route To Dyadic Difficulties, David K. Dilillo, Terri Lewis, Andrea Di Loreto-Colgan
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
A sample of 174 college students involved in heterosexual dating relationships was studied lo investigate the role of psychological distress in mediating links between child maltreatment (CM) history and current couple functioning. Females, but not males, with a history of CM reported greater levels of psychological and relationship difficulties than did non-maltreated women. Psychological distress among females was also found to mediate associations between abuse history and various aspects of couple functioning including intimacy, sexuality. and conflict resolution. No such relationships were found for males. The implications of these results and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Child Sexual Abuse, Andrea R. Perry, David K. Dilillo
Child Sexual Abuse, Andrea R. Perry, David K. Dilillo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Child sexual abuse (CSA), a social problem of endemic proportions, has existed in all historical eras and societies (Conte 1994; Fergusson and Mullen 1999; Wekerle and Wolfe 1996; Wolfe 1999). Since antiquity, anecdotal records (e.g., legal, artistic, philosophical, and literary accounts) have documented activities that would today be classified as CSA (deMause 1974; Kahr 1991; Olafson, Corwin, and Summit 1993). For instance, a sizable portion of adults in ancient Greek and Roman cultures openly engaged in what is now considered pederasty or rape (deMause 1974; Kahr 1991). Although adult-child sexual encounters have occurred throughout history, perceptions of such practices have …
Negative Mood Regulation Mediates The Relationship Between Distraction And Engagement In Pleasurable Activities Among College Smokers, Lee M. Cohen, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Holly E. R. Morrell
Negative Mood Regulation Mediates The Relationship Between Distraction And Engagement In Pleasurable Activities Among College Smokers, Lee M. Cohen, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Holly E. R. Morrell
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Smoking for negative mood alleviation is a strong predictor of early smoking and early dependence among undergraduates. Little is known about whether adaptive cognitive coping processes (e.g., distraction) may help decrease the likelihood of student smoking for negative mood regulation. The present study tested the hypothesis that distraction would predict (a) greater engagement in adaptive pleasant pastimes and (b) lower rates of smoking behavior among undergraduates (n = 162, 41.9% female). We further assessed whether negative mood regulation expectations would explain both relationships. Results indicated that negative mood regulation fully mediated the relationship between distraction and engagement in pleasurable …
The Fine Line Of Perfectionism: Is It A Strength Or A Weakness In The Workplace?, Lindsay Bousman
The Fine Line Of Perfectionism: Is It A Strength Or A Weakness In The Workplace?, Lindsay Bousman
Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Perfectionism has been traditionally researched in the clinical psychology domain. While some research has used a normal student population, research applying perfectionism theories to a normal adult population working in Corporate America has not been conducted. Current research suggests two distinct types of perfectionism, maladaptive and adaptive, with different consequences. In this research, maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism were used to determine that traditional perfectionism measures can be used with a working adult sample to achieve similar psychometric properties, and to preliminarily test hypotheses related to their relationship with other individual difference variables. Second, maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism were used to …
Fluoxetine, Smoking, And History Of Major Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Bonnie Spring, Neal Doran, Sherry Pagoto, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Jessica Werth Cook, Katherine Bailey, John Crayton, Donald Hedecker
Fluoxetine, Smoking, And History Of Major Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Bonnie Spring, Neal Doran, Sherry Pagoto, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Jessica Werth Cook, Katherine Bailey, John Crayton, Donald Hedecker
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The study was a randomized placebo-controlled trial testing whether fluoxetine selectively enhances cessation for smokers with a history of depression. Euthymic smokers with (H+, n = 109) or without (H-, n = 138) a history of major depression received 60 mg fluoxetine or placebo plus group behavioral quit-smoking treatment for 12 weeks. Fluoxetine initially enhanced cessation for H+ smokers (p = .02) but subsequently impaired cessation regardless of depressive history. Six months after quit date, fluoxetine-treated participants were 3.3 times more likely to be smoking (p = .02). Further research is warranted to determine why high-dose fluoxetine produces …
Implementing Elements Of Evidence-Based Practice Into Scientist–Practitioner Training At The University Of Nebraska–Lincoln, David K. Dilillo, Dennis E. Mcchargue
Implementing Elements Of Evidence-Based Practice Into Scientist–Practitioner Training At The University Of Nebraska–Lincoln, David K. Dilillo, Dennis E. Mcchargue
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Evidence-based practice (EBP) has become the predominant model of training and is emerging as a common model of practice for many nonpsychology health care professions. Recognizing the relevance of EBP to psychology, the American Psychological Association (APA) developed and endorsed an official policy statement on EBP for the practice of professional psychology. There is now a pressing need to consider ways that EBP can inform scientist–practitioner training. The present article proposes clinical competencies associated with the practice of EBP, and describes initial efforts to implement elements of EBP into training at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. These efforts have occurred in …
Urgency Is A Non-Monotonic Function Of Pulse Rate, Frank A. Russo, Jeffery A. Jones
Urgency Is A Non-Monotonic Function Of Pulse Rate, Frank A. Russo, Jeffery A. Jones
Psychology Faculty Publications
Magnitude estimation was used to assess the experience of urgency in pulse-train stimuli (pulsed white noise) ranging from 3.13 to 200 Hz. At low pulse rates, pulses were easily resolved. At high pulse rates, pulses fused together leading to a tonal sensation with a clear pitch level. Urgency ratings followed a nonmonotonic (polynomial) function with local maxima at 17.68 and 200 Hz. The same stimuli were also used in response time and pitch scaling experiments. Response times were negatively correlated with urgency ratings. Pitch scaling results indicated that urgency of pulse trains is mediated by the perceptual constructs of speed …
Predicting Academic Success In Undergraduates, Mary E. Pritchard, Gregory S. Wilson
Predicting Academic Success In Undergraduates, Mary E. Pritchard, Gregory S. Wilson
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
College academic success and retention have traditionally been predicted using demographic and academic variables. This study investigated the influence of student health on GPA and intent to drop out of college. A longitudinal survey of 242 freshmen revealed that emotional and social factors (e.g., stress, living in the dorm, being in a study group) predicted second semester GPA and intentions to drop out (e.g., perfectionism, fatigue). Implications for intervention strategies are discussed.
What Do Adolescents Know About Health?, Christy Zenner, Mary Pritchard
What Do Adolescents Know About Health?, Christy Zenner, Mary Pritchard
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
The purpose of this study was to investigate what adolescents know about topies commonly covered in Health classes (eating disorders, exercise, nutrition, caffeine, and sleep) and whether students know aS much as they think thtey do about these topics. We found that 9% of the students correctly answered all of the exercise questions, 2% nutrition, 2% sleep, 3% caffeine, and 5% eating disorders. Participants did believe they knew more about their health than they actually did. Results suggest that knowledge can clearly be improved.
Acculturation, Gender, And Alcohol Use Among Mexican American College Students, Marcela Raffaelli, Rosalie A. Torres Stone, Maria I. Iturbide, Meredith Mcginley, Gustavo Carlo, Lisa J. Crockett
Acculturation, Gender, And Alcohol Use Among Mexican American College Students, Marcela Raffaelli, Rosalie A. Torres Stone, Maria I. Iturbide, Meredith Mcginley, Gustavo Carlo, Lisa J. Crockett
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Prior research with non-college samples of Mexican Americans has demonstrated that gender moderates the association between acculturation and alcohol use. We replicated this finding in a college student sample and attempted to account for the differential impact of acculturation on Mexican American men and women by examining the mediating effects of social context, family conflict and psychological functioning. Participants were 148 Mexican Americans (67% female; M age 23 years) from three state universities in California and Texas who completed self-report surveys. In multivariate analyses controlling for age, maternal education, living situation, and site, linguistic acculturation was associated with increased alcohol …
Psychiatry’S Thirty-Five-Year, Non-Empirical Reach For Biological Explanations, W. Joseph Wyatt, Donna M. Midkiff
Psychiatry’S Thirty-Five-Year, Non-Empirical Reach For Biological Explanations, W. Joseph Wyatt, Donna M. Midkiff
Psychology Faculty Research
This is our third article in a series that began with a special issue of Behavior and Social Issues in 2006. Here we briefly review our central points from the first two articles. First is that over the past thirty-five years, claims of biological causation of mental and behavioral disorders have gone well beyond the research data, for reasons that are largely related to psychiatry’s lost esteem and protection of its “turf,” as well as to the financial interests of the pharmaceutical industry. Our second position is that claims of psychotropic drugs’ effectiveness have been overstated. We respond, as well, …
The Evolutionary Origins Of Human Patience: Temporal Preferences In Chimpanzees, Bonobos, And Human Adults, Alexandra G. Rosati, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Brian Hare, Marc D. Hauser
The Evolutionary Origins Of Human Patience: Temporal Preferences In Chimpanzees, Bonobos, And Human Adults, Alexandra G. Rosati, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Brian Hare, Marc D. Hauser
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
To make adaptive choices, individuals must sometimes exhibit patience, forgoing immediate benefits to acquire more valuable future rewards [1–3]. Although humans account for future consequences when making temporal decisions [4], many animal species wait only a few seconds for delayed benefits [5– 10]. Current research thus suggests a phylogenetic gap between patient humans and impulsive, present-oriented animals [9, 11], a distinction with implications for our understanding of economic decision making [12] and the origins of human cooperation [13]. On the basis of a series of experimental results, we reject this conclusion. First, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees ( …
Speech Disruption During Delayed Auditory Feedback With Simultaneous Visual Feedback, Jeffery A. Jones, Danielle Streimer
Speech Disruption During Delayed Auditory Feedback With Simultaneous Visual Feedback, Jeffery A. Jones, Danielle Streimer
Psychology Faculty Publications
Delayed auditory feedback (DAF) regarding speech can cause dysfluency. The purpose of this study was to explore whether providing visual feedback in addition to DAF would ameliorate speech disruption. Speakers repeated sentences and heard their auditory feedback delayed with and without simultaneous visual feedback. DAF led to increased sentence durations and an increased number of speech disruptions. Although visual feedback did not reduce DAF effects on duration, a promising but nonsignificant trend was observed for fewer speech disruptions when visual feedback was provided. This trend was significant in speakers who were overall less affected by DAF. The results suggest the …
Assessment In Crisis, Amresh Srivastava
Assessment In Crisis, Amresh Srivastava
Psychiatry Presentations
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Nicotine Conditioned Place Preference In D2 Primed Adolescent Rats: Age-Related And Gender Effects., Yoko Emily Ogawa
The Effects Of Nicotine Conditioned Place Preference In D2 Primed Adolescent Rats: Age-Related And Gender Effects., Yoko Emily Ogawa
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated nicotine conditioned place preference (CPP) in two different ages of adolescence using a rodent model of schizophrenia. Both 2- and 3-chambered CPP apparatuses were used to test whether the CPP was due to an aversion to the white chamber. Animals were neontally treated with the dopamine D2/D3 agonist, quinpirole, or saline and raised to either early postweanling age (P 22) or adolescence (P 29). Rats were conditioned to prefer the white chamber using nicotine. Results showed that nicotine induced CPP and appeared to alleviate an increased stress response in D2 primed animals, which …
Integrating Spirituality And Psychotherapy: Ethical Issues And Principles To Consider, Thomas G. Plante
Integrating Spirituality And Psychotherapy: Ethical Issues And Principles To Consider, Thomas G. Plante
Psychology
Professional and scientific psychology appears to have rediscovered spirituality and religion during recent years, with a large number of conferences, seminars, workshops, books, and special issues in major professional journals on spirituality and psychology integration. The purpose of this commentary is to highlight some of the more compelling ethical principles and issues to consider in spirituality and psychology integration with a focus on psychotherapy. This commentary will use the American Psychological Association's (2002) Ethics Code and more specifically, the RRICC model of ethics that readily applies to various mental health ethics codes across the world. The RRICC model highlights the …
Psychosocial Support Programme To Reduce Stress Among Emergency Physicians, Muhammad Shahid
Psychosocial Support Programme To Reduce Stress Among Emergency Physicians, Muhammad Shahid
Department of Emergency Medicine
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Distress On Health Care Utilization In Cancer Survivors (Nhis 2004), Natalie Christine Kaiser
Effects Of Distress On Health Care Utilization In Cancer Survivors (Nhis 2004), Natalie Christine Kaiser
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Distress rates have been found to be around 43%, as indicated by a study of five comprehensive cancer centers and as measured by the Distress Thermometer (Jacobsen, et ah, 2005). Furthermore, few studies have examined the current health care utilization among cancer patients as predicted by distress. Thus, population-based data from the NHIS (2004) was analyzed using SUDAAN software 1) to ascertain the current levels of distress as measured by the Kessler 6 scale experienced by cancer survivors based upon demographic characteristics, family structure, physical comorbitities, and cancer-related variables, and 2) to determine whether distress rates reported among cancer survivors …
Posttraumatic And Parent Stress In Parents Of Infant Heart Transplant Recipients, Jessie Rose Stevens
Posttraumatic And Parent Stress In Parents Of Infant Heart Transplant Recipients, Jessie Rose Stevens
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Heart transplantation during infancy is a life-threatening event, and when successful, the treatment is a life-long process and the potential for life-threatening consequences never ceases. As a result, parents can be impacted in many ways by this traumatic and demanding experience that begins with the initial diagnosis of their infant and continues into the long-term life course of these children. This life-long process has the potential to cause symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder as well as elevated levels of stress in parents. This study examined parental self-reported post-traumatic stress symptoms and parental stress in parents of children who received a …
What Predicts Adjustment Among College Students? A Longitudinal Panel Study, Mary E. Pritchard, Gregory S. Wilson, Ben Yamnitz
What Predicts Adjustment Among College Students? A Longitudinal Panel Study, Mary E. Pritchard, Gregory S. Wilson, Ben Yamnitz
Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Previous studies have reported that law students and medical students experience significant distress during their first year. We suspect that freshmen undergraduates might experience similar distress in their transition to college. This study examines the impact of the undergraduate experience on freshmen. Data replicate the declines reported in law and medical students’ psychological and physical health. Negative coping tactics and perfectionism predicted poorer physical health and alcohol use at the end of the year. However, optimism and self-esteem predicted better physical and psychological outcomes.
Nicotine As A Conditioned Stimulus: Impact Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications, Carmela M. Reichel, Jessica D. Linkugel, Rick A. Bevins
Nicotine As A Conditioned Stimulus: Impact Of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications, Carmela M. Reichel, Jessica D. Linkugel, Rick A. Bevins
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
People diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at an increased risk to start smoking and have greater difficulty quitting. Nicotine, one of the principal addictive components of tobacco smoke, functioned as a conditioned stimulus (CS) for intermittent sucrose delivery in a Pavlovian drug discrimination task with rats. This study compared the ability of commonly prescribed ADHD medications (i.e., methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and bupropion) and additional dopamine reuptake inhibitors (i.e., cocaine and GBR 12909) to substitute for the CS effects of nicotine. Atomoxetine was also used to antagonize these CS effects. Rats acquired the discrimination as evidenced by increased dipper entries in …
Particularisation Of Child Abuse Offences: Common Problems When Questioning Child Witnesses, Martine B. Powell, Kim P. Roberts, Belinda Guadagno
Particularisation Of Child Abuse Offences: Common Problems When Questioning Child Witnesses, Martine B. Powell, Kim P. Roberts, Belinda Guadagno
Psychology Faculty Publications
Prosecuting child abusers is often difficult due to lack of particularising details. Two possible ways of addressing this difficulty are: (a) to change the justice system to better serve prosecution for repeated offences (i.e., allow generic testimony), and (b) to bolster children's testimony. As this article has illustrated, there is still considerable potential for increasing (b). Given the low prosecution rates of child abuse offences, the need for exceptional interviewer training programs coupled with resources for ongoing supervision is now critical. While there have been some major improvements in child witness investigative interviews over the past two decades, there are …
Examining The Ability Of The Halstead -Reitan Battery And The Wide Range Achievement Test To Utilize Severity In Discriminating Among Alzheimer's Dementia Patients, Gina Gibson-Beverly
Examining The Ability Of The Halstead -Reitan Battery And The Wide Range Achievement Test To Utilize Severity In Discriminating Among Alzheimer's Dementia Patients, Gina Gibson-Beverly
Doctoral Dissertations
Measuring change in cognitive status is essential for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of brain dysfunction. Psychological abilities are differentially affected by brain dysfunction severity, as some abilities are more vulnerable to brain dysfunction than others. Neuropsychological assessments can be viewed as a continuum of "hold" and "don't hold" tests. "Hold" tests assess abilities that remain stable in spite of brain dysfunction, while "don't hold" tests measure skills that are significantly compromised by brain impairment. The present study ranks the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB) and the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) subtests based on their ability to discriminate between two levels …
The Health Implications Of Violence Against Women: Untangling The Complexities Of Actual And Chronic Effects: Part Two, Carol E. Jordan
The Health Implications Of Violence Against Women: Untangling The Complexities Of Actual And Chronic Effects: Part Two, Carol E. Jordan
Office for Policy Studies on Violence Against Women Publications
No abstract provided.
An Open Trial Of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy For Compulsive Hoarding, David F. Tolin, Randy O. Frost, Gail Steketee
An Open Trial Of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy For Compulsive Hoarding, David F. Tolin, Randy O. Frost, Gail Steketee
Psychology: Faculty Publications
The aim of the present study was to provide preliminary data on the efficacy of a new cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for compulsive hoarding. Fourteen adults with compulsive hoarding (10 treatment completers) were seen in two specialty CBT clinics. Participants were included if they met research criteria for compulsive hoarding according to a semistructured interview, were age 18 or above, considered hoarding their main psychiatric problem, and were not receiving mental health treatment. Patients received 26 individual sessions of CBT, including frequent home visits, over a 7-12 month period between December 2003-February 2005. Primary outcome measures were the Saving Inventory-Revised (SI-R), …
Factor Analysis Of The Borderline Personality Inventory Using Item Response Theory, Courtney Mozo
Factor Analysis Of The Borderline Personality Inventory Using Item Response Theory, Courtney Mozo
Psychology Theses & Dissertations
The current study used a sample of 251 undergraduate females &om Old Dominion University to assess the item properties of the Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI). The BPI is a true/false self-report instrument used to measure borderline personality disorder. The BPI was created using classical test theory techniques, and traditional methods were used to assess the scale's properties (Leichsenring, 1999). Due to the dichotomous nature of the BPI, traditional classical test theory techniques are not ideal. The current study used Item Response Theory (IRT) to characterize the scale and item properties. The study was conducted using an online survey that also …
Are Successful Applicants To The Roman Catholic Deaconate Psychologically Healthy?, Thomas G. Plante, Kathleen Lackey
Are Successful Applicants To The Roman Catholic Deaconate Psychologically Healthy?, Thomas G. Plante, Kathleen Lackey
Psychology
The current investigation evaluated psychological and personality profiles of successful applicants to the deaconate in several Roman Catholic dioceses in California. The MMPI-2 and 16PF were administered to 25 applicants between 2004 and 2006 who subsequently entered the permanent deaconate program. Results indicate that these applicants to the deaconate were generally well-adjusted as well as being socially responsible. Findings also suggest some tendency for defensiveness, repression, naivete, and a strong need for affection, as well as for being emotionally stable, genuine, and cooperative.