Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Genetic Knowledge And Causal Beliefs: Implications For Health Behavior In Clinical And Non-Clinical Samples, Jamey T. Brumbaugh

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Objective: As the genomic era in healthcare continues to surge, it is vital to examine genetically-related psychological concepts, such as genetic knowledge and genetic causal beliefs, in genetically relevant clinical groups. Parents /caregivers of children born with cleft lip and/or palate represent a population whose knowledge and beliefs about genetics may be influenced by their frequent utilization of genetically-related healthcare services (e.g., genetic testing and genetic counseling). To date, little is known about how such beliefs vary across disease types. Even less is known regarding how disease-specific genetic causal beliefs relate to perceived behavioral control for disease development. Method: A …

Changes In Psychiatric Diagnosis Associated With Sars-Cov-2 Infection And Predicting The Development Of New Psychiatric Illness In Covid Patients By Using Machine Learning Approach: A Study Using The Us National Covid Cohort Collaborative (N3c), Asif Rahman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The enduring impact of COVID-19 extends beyond acute illness, with potential long-term psychiatric consequences raising significant concern among healthcare professionals and researchers alike. Emerging evidence suggests a multifaceted relationship between COVID-19 and the development of different psychiatric illnesses like Schizophrenia Spectrum and Psychotic Disorders (SSPD), Depression, Bipolar disorder, Personality disorder, Trauma, and a range of other mental health conditions. Considering these emerging connections, our study endeavors to rigorously assess the associations between COVID-19 and various psychiatric illnesses while simultaneously employing machine learning techniques to predict the development of new psychiatric disorders in individuals affected by the virus. Leveraging the extensive …

An Examination Of Coping Resources And Strategies Among Appalachian Transgender And Gender Nonconforming Adults And Youth, Zachary Ramsey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background. The body of literature shows that TGNC adults and youth face a multitude of health disparities (e.g., depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, eating disorders, body dysmorphia) due to their marginalization. Neither Meyer’s Minority Stress Model nor Testa’s Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Model sufficiently examines coping and the ways it interacts with other concepts within the model. Aims. The objective of this dissertation was to examine the coping resources and strategies of Appalachian transgender and gender nonconforming individuals. The three aims of this study were to: 1) evaluate the relationship of coping resources and strategies between TGNC Youth and cisgender …

The Relationship Between Moral Thought-Action Fusion And Scrupulosity Across Judaism, Christianity, And Islam, Kelsey Evey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Scrupulosity is a subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) where individuals are upset by intrusive thoughts related to religious or moral issues. Current research suggests that scrupulosity occurs across the major world religions—including the Abrahamic religions (i.e., Judaism, Christianity, and Islam). Some research suggests that moral thought-action fusion (moral TAF), a dysfunctional belief that thinking something is equal to doing it, may only be pathological under certain circumstances (e.g., if it is not culturally normative). If this is true, the current cognitive model of scrupulosity may need to be amended to reflect how cultural differences impact the role of moral TAF …

Self-Efficacy And Parental Miscarried Helping In Adherence And Transition Readiness Among Adolescents And Young Adults With Epilepsy, Kirby-Estar G. Laguerre

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: Given the complex regimen associated with epilepsy, ensuring that adolescents and young adults (AYAs) adhere to their medications, and are ready to transition from pediatric to adult care, is crucial to optimizing their health outcomes. Several social and ecological factors such as self-efficacy and parental miscarried helping can strengthen or weaken an adolescent’s medication adherence and readiness to shift from pediatric to adult care. Intending to contribute to informing and improving clinical care, this study sought to understand the relationships between self-efficacy, parental miscarried helping, medication adherence, and transition readiness. Methods: Using a cross-sectional observational design, 46 AYAs with …

The Menstrual Cycle In Psychotherapy: Interventions, Therapist Engagement, And Blind Spots, Rozita Alaluf

Dissertations and Theses

There is a dearth of literature on psychotherapy and menstruation, except for the treatment and diagnosis of issues associated with premenstrual distress. This study aimed to bridge this gap by investigating the frequency and context of discussions about the menstrual cycle, the factors influencing therapists’ engagement with this topic, and the therapeutic approaches utilized to address the menstrual cycle within psychotherapy.

In phase 1, 118 psychotherapists from various theoretical backgrounds completed a survey on menstruation in clinical practice. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. In phase 2, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 psychotherapists, primarily identifying their theoretical orientation …

Identifying Patterns For Neurological Disabilities By Integrating Discrete Wavelet Transform And Visualization, Soo Yeon Ji, Sampath Jayarathna, Anne M. Perrotti, Katrina Kardiasmenos, Dong Hyun Jeong

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Neurological disabilities cause diverse health and mental challenges, impacting quality of life and imposing financial burdens on both the individuals diagnosed with these conditions and their caregivers. Abnormal brain activity, stemming from malfunctions in the human nervous system, characterizes neurological disorders. Therefore, the early identification of these abnormalities is crucial for devising suitable treatments and interventions aimed at promoting and sustaining quality of life. Electroencephalogram (EEG), a non-invasive method for monitoring brain activity, is frequently employed to detect abnormal brain activity in neurological and mental disorders. This study introduces an approach that extends the understanding and identification of neurological disabilities …

Giving People The Words To Say No Leads Them To Feel Freer To Say Yes, Rachel Schlund, Roseanna Sommers, Vanessa K. Bohns

Articles

We examine how to structure requests to help people feel they can say no (or yes) more voluntarily. Specifically, we examine the effect of having the requester provide the request-target with an explicit phrase they can use to decline requests. Part of the difficulty of saying no is finding the words to do so when put on the spot. Providing individuals with an explicit script they can use to decline a request may help override implicit scripts and norms of politeness that generally dictate compliance. This should make individuals feel more comfortable refusing requests and make agreement feel more voluntary. …

Synthetic Neuroactive Steroids Targeting Gaba-A Receptors As A Potential Therapy For Contraceptive-Associated Mood Disorders, Alexandria A. Davis

Scripps Senior Theses

4-10% of women who use hormonal oral contraceptives (HOCs) discontinue use after experiencing symptoms of anxiety, irritability, and depression in the first 3 months of administration. Previous studies have acknowledged a relationship between HOCs and emotional dysregulation but have not identified mechanisms by which HOCs have this effect. As a result, effective treatment options for HOC-induced mood disorders are lacking. Current theories implicate combined-HOCs, particularly those containing ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel (EE-LNG), in reducing neuroactive steroid levels. Specifically, HOC users show decreases in allopregnanolone, a positive allosteric modulator associated with neuronal inhibition and emotional regulation. The objective of this study …

Racial Disparities In Plea Bargaining: An Examination Of Coercive Dynamics In The Negotiation Process, Naszya Iman Heidi Bradshaw

Scripps Senior Theses

This research addresses the enduring concerns about the ethical and legal intricacies of coercion in plea bargaining within the U.S. criminal justice system, with a focus on its correlation with racial disparities. This study acknowledges an existing research gap in comprehending the subtle dynamics of coercion and its differential impact on Black and Latin individuals. By employing the Cumulative Disadvantage Theory and Dual Processing Theory, the research aims to investigate the differential susceptibility to coercion during plea bargaining among individuals from Black and Latin communities compared to their white counterparts. Variables such as the severity of criminal charges, the quality …

Creation Of A Survey And Study On Sleep Habits Of College Students, Sierra Stein

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Sleep is extremely important in all aspects of life. From the time someone is born to the time they pass they need sleep. It is crucial for their abilities to function and live their day to day lives. However, in different parts of life sleep is more crucial than ever. Young adults/college age students are one of those groups who need sleep but tend to pass up on adequate sleep. Throughout this, there will be the detailed importance of sleep and one way in which sleep can be studied in correlation to academics, physical health, eating habits, mental health and …

Extracellular Free Water As An Imaging Biomarker Of Neuroinflammation, Cristina N. Pinheiro

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Older adults experience a chronic state of heightened immune response referred to as “inflammaging” which can be observed by detecting levels of proinflammatory cytokines in blood serum. These proinflammatory cytokines are secreted in the central nervous system and may also enter the brain through the blood brain barrier. Previous literature has suggested that extracellular free water, a magnetic resonance imaging metric, may allow us to detect alterations in the extracellular space which are thought to correlate with inflammation in the central nervous system. This study examined the correlation between two proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNFα, collected longitudinally and cross-sectionally imaged …

Establishing The Feasibility Of Crowdsourcing To Study Value-Based Decision-Making In Substance Use Disorders, Thomas Shellenberg

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by repeated choices to use drugs despite adverse consequences. Value-based decision-making theory posits that choices are guided by predicted values of available options which are updated based on outcomes. Computational modeling of reinforcement learning (RL) during choice tasks has shown promise for uncovering latent mechanisms of decision-making. Recruiting people with SUD is difficult, but crowdsourcing offers an alternative for accelerating data collection. However, the validity of computational modeling using online choice task data has not been well-established. This thesis aimed to use the online crowdsourcing platform Prolific to 1) compare online and in-person choice …

Identifying Demographic Disparities In Urine Drug Screen Ordering In Psychiatric Inpatients, Michael Tompkins, Jacob Henderson, Eileen Venable, Jeffrey Ferraro

North Florida Division GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

Trends In Trauma Patients With Psychiatric Illnesses, Sindhura Kompella, Kelly Mckenney, Clara Alvarez, Ilko Luque

East Florida Division GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

How Does Ect Treatment Affect The Chances Of Future Psychiatric Hospitalizations? A Retrospective Study, Aneesh Rahangdale, Joshua Wasdin, Jeffrey Ferraro

North Florida Division GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

Reducing Medication Barriers Before Patient Check-Out At A Student Run Free Clinic, Jenna D. Reisler, Daniel Bao, Alison Zill, Marysuna Wilkerson

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Symposium 2024

No abstract provided.

Electrophysiological And Clinical Fundamentals Of Qtc Prolongation Induced By Antipsychotic Medications, Zaid Naseer, Minaal Khan, Najeeb Manalai, Allison Foroobar, Patricia Harrison, Charles Scercy, Beth Yanoff, Partam Manalai

Department Surgery Faculty Publications

Patients with psychiatric disorders undergoing antipsychotic treatment are at an elevated risk for adverse cardiovascular events, including arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. While the precise mechanisms linking cardiovascular diseases and psychiatric conditions remain unclear, QTc prolongation is suspected to be a contributing factor. The human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG, or KCNH2), which affects potassium channels, is implicated in the cardiotoxicity of various medications, including antipsychotics. This gene plays a critical role in determining whether a drug will be approved for market use. This paper elucidates the electrophysiological basis of QTc prolongation and reviews the evidence concerning which antipsychotics may exacerbate QTc …

Caregiver Burden And Resilience In Family Members Of Alcohol Dependent Patients: Observations From Eastern India, Shatavisa Mukherjee, Nikhil Era, Siddhartha Roy

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background: Caregiver burden for alcohol dependent patients refers to the physical, emotional, financial, and social challenges faced by individuals who provide care and support to someone struggling with alcohol dependence. Caregivers often experience high levels of stress, anxiety, and emotional distress when dealing with a loved one's alcohol dependence. The present study tried to analyse the caregiver burden and resilience among family members of alcohol dependent individuals in eastern India.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study patients attending general outpatient clinics who had positive alcohol consumption history and were being accompanied by their caregivers to the facility. Patient and caregiver’s demographics …

Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorder As First Trimester Pregnancy Termination Complication; Case Series, Sindhu Kumari, Poornima M

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) disorder is rare (2% according to ACOG) condition of pregnancy when the placenta grows deeply into myometrium. This leads to failure of placenta to separate normally from myometrium after delivery and leads to massive hemorrhage. The PAS is classified as PA (Placenta Accreta), PI (Placenta Increta) and PP ( Placenta Percreta), on basis of depth of trophoblastic invasion. Increase in no. of cesarean sections, increasing the incidence of PAS. Cesarean scar on uterus promotes placental tissue to invade deeply in subsequent pregnancy. Antenatal scanning and color imaging can detect PAS, at a very early stage. Here …

Clozapine And Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy (M-Ect) In Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia (Trs) – A Case Report, Kareena Arora, Kishor M, Murali M R, Suhas K Mr

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Schizophrenia is psychiatric disorder affecting less than 1% of population that can be devastating, characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. This can lead to significant functional impairment. Despite intensive and ongoing research, outcomes from best-practice treatment are often suboptimal. Unfortunately, not all the patients respond to antipsychotic medications. Overall estimates suggest that one-fifth to one-half of patients have treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS).

TRS include failure sequential trial of two different antipsychotics with sufficient dose, duration and adherence as a minimum criterion. TRS represents major clinical challenge.

Clozapine is the only drug approved for TRS as it is the drug …

Internet Gaming Disorders Amongst Medical Undergraduates In Tamil Nadu, India - A Cross Sectional Study, Rejee Sneha Ebanezer, Sumedha K, Murugan V

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Background: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) or internet-related gaming addictions are characterized by severely impaired control over gaming affecting routine activities, followed by several psychological, physical and social issues. Budding medical undergraduates who are future health professionals might have positive effects on their studies and career goals when saved from internet gaming addictions. Hence, this study aimed to identify the proportion of medical undergraduate students and interns with internet gaming disorders studying in a private medical college and tertiary care hospital.

Setting: A tertiary care Hospital and Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India

Study design: Cross – sectional study.

Participants: Medical …

Examining The Structure Of Personality Dysfunction., Chelsea E. Sleep, Nathaniel L. Phillips, Tianwei V. Du, Colin Vize, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

Personality impairment is a core feature of personality disorders in both current (i.e., Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition [DSM-5] personality disorders, International Classification of Diseases,11th revision personality disorders) and emerging (i.e., DSM-5’s alternative model of personality disorders) models of psychopathology. Yet, despite its importance within clinical nosology, attempts to identify its optimal lower-order structure have yielded inconsistent findings. Given its presence in diagnostic models, it is important to better understand its empirical structure across a variety of instantiations. To the degree that impairment is multifaceted, various factors may have different nomological networks and varied implications for …

Testing Whether The Relations Between Sex And Psychopathology Are Accounted For By Structural Morphometry In Abcd., Leigha Rose, Ben Listyg, Max M. Owens, Courtland S. Hyatt, Nathan T. Carter, Doroth R. Carter, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

Sex differences in psychopathology are well-established, with females demonstrating higher rates of internalizing (INT) psychopathology and males demonstrating higher rates of externalizing (EXT) psychopathology. Using two waves of data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 6,778 at each wave), the current study tested whether the relations between sex and psychopathology might be accounted for by structural brain differences. In general, we found robust, relatively consistent relations between sex and structural morphometry across waves. Relatively few morphometric brain variables were significantly related to INT or EXT across waves, however, with very small effect sizes when present. Next, we …

Principles And Procedures For Revising The Hierarchical Taxonomy Of Psychopathology, Miriam K. Forbes, Whitney R. Ringwald, Timothy Allen, David C. Cicero, Lee Anna Clark, Colin G. Deyoung, Nicholas Eaton, Roman Kotov, Robert F. Krueger, Robert D. Latzman, Elizabeth A. Martin, Kristin Naragon-Gainey, Camilo J. Ruggero, Irwin D. Waldman, Cassandra Brandes, Eiko I. Fried, Vina M. Goghari, Benjamin Hankin, Sarah Sperry, Kasey Stanton, Awais Aftab, Donald R. Lynam, Michael Roche, Aidan G.C. Wright

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

Quantitative, empirical approaches to establishing the structure of psychopathology hold promise to improve on traditional psychiatric classification systems. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a framework that summarizes the substantial and growing body of quantitative evidence on the structure of psychopathology. To achieve its aims, HiTOP must incorporate emerging research in a systematic, ongoing fashion. In this article, we describe the historical context and grounding of the principles and procedures for revising the HiTOP framework. Informed by strengths and shortcomings of previous classification systems, the proposed revisions protocol is a formalized system focused around three pillars: (a) prioritizing systematic …

The Development Of A Scale To Measure The Fear Of Earthquake, Mustafa Filiz, Yusuf Karaşın, Yalçın Karagöz

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study aims to develop a scale to measure the fear level of individuals towards earthquakes. The population of the research consists of individuals who were directly and indirectly affected by the earthquake that occurred in Kahramanmaraş province of Turkey on 6 February 2023. The sample of the research consists of 357 people who voluntarily participated in the survey. Data were collected through an online survey. Experts’ opinions, literature review and pilot study were utilized in the creation of the scale items. Psychometric properties of the scale were analyzed by test-retest, calculation of internal consistency coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory …

Internet Addiction: A Growing Threat: A Cross-Sectional Among The Undergraduate Medical Students Of Tertiary Care Hospital, Mysuru, Rakesh M, Diksha Goswami, Sunil Kumar D, Shwethashree M

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background: The internet has quickly become a part of our lives, impacting every part of our existence. Its use has expanded beyond simply being a communication tool and a source of information. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of Internet addiction among the Undergraduate medical students of Mysuru.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 medical students of a Tertiary care Hospital, Mysuru for three months from September 1^st to November 30^th,2023. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The semi-structured questionnaire covered details of demographic data and twenty questions of the …

Gender Equality– A Sustainable Development Goal In Progress At A Medical College And Hospital In South India, Mr. Manoj S M, Kusuma Kasapura Shivashankar, Suma M. Natraj, Praveen Kulkarni

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background: Gender Equality is one of the most important SDG and attaining it will ensure a peaceful, prosperous and a balanced world with equal opportunities for both women and men. The Indian scenario in the field of women education has changed with mindset of most parents undergoing a paradigm shift and many girls are encouraged to attend schools, colleges and women are allowed to work. Considering the above shift, our study intended to find out if the same was true and SDG-5, Gender Equality was attained or in progress at our medical college and hospital and hence the study.

Methods: …

Assessing Discharge Knowledge For Caregivers Of Newborn (Using Video Discharge Instructions As An Adjunct To Standard Written Instructions) In Covid Period – A Randomized Controlled Trial, Jayesh Yadav, Khyati Gupta, Vishal D. Sawant

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background: Studies have demonstrated that caregivers of newborn frequently face challenges in comprehending the instructions provided to them upon discharge. Video discharge instructions provide a clear and concise message and can potentially alleviate factors which have an impact on comprehension of caregivers like illiteracy, communication barriers and limited physician time. We aim to assess the impact of incorporating video-based discharge instructions on caregivers' comprehension of newborn care and post-discharge follow-up, specifically in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Caregivers of newborn in the COVID times were randomized into written only and written with video discharge instruction groups; …

Alkaptonuria Presenting With Back Pain: A Diagnostic Dilemma, Arnav Salar, Dyuksha Arora, Mahabaleshwar Mamadapur

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Alkaptonuria is a rare inborn error of metabolism due to a deficiency of homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase, resulting in homogentisic acid accumulation in tissues. It is characterised by homogentisic aciduria, ochronosis, and arthritis. We hereby discuss a 46-year-old male who presented with progressive lower back pain and polyarthralgia for ten years, initially diagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis. Characteristic skin pigmentation, ochronosis, and radiological findings led to the correct diagnosis of alkaptonuria. This case highlights the importance of considering alkaptonuria as a differential diagnosis for chronic back pain and arthritis, mainly when sacroiliac joints are spared, and ochronosis is present. While no cure …