Pharmacy Administration, Policy and Regulation Commons^™

Closed-System Transfer Devices Reduce Exposure To Contaminants, Ken Maxik, Craig Kimble, Alberto Coustasse

Management Faculty Research

Closed-system transfer devices (CSTDs) are used during the preparation of hazardous drugs (HDs) as a mechanism to reduce the transfer of drugs or vapors into the environment. When evaluating these systems, pharmacists should consider which drugs in the pharmacy would benefit the safety of health care workers and patients using the systems. Medication types include neoplastic agents, such as bleomycin, cisplatin, and methotrexate, and other agents, such as cyclosporine, oxytocin, and progesterone.

Utah Pharmacists’ Qualitative Feedback Regarding Licensure Standards., Rebecca Howard

Annual Research Symposium

This project sought to understand current attitudes and perceptions of licensed pharmacists in the state of Utah to the existing occupational licensing standards which govern our profession. Qualitative feedback was gathered from Utah licensed pharmacists for a period of one month.

Pharmacy Law: Pharmacists Awareness Of Licensure Regulations, The Mpje And Nabp - A State-Wide Study, Andrew Holick

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Disentangling The Cost Of Orphan Drugs Marketed In The United States, Hana Althobaiti, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez, Lawrence B. Brown, Marc L. Fleming, Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The increasing number and high prices of orphan drugs have triggered concern among patients, payers, and policymakers about the affordability of new drugs approved using the incentives set by the Orphan Drug Act (ODA) of 1983. This study evaluated the factors associated to the differences in the treatment cost of new orphan and non-orphan drugs approved by the FDA from 2017 to 2021. A generalized linear model (GLM) with the Gamma log-link analysis was used to ascertain the association of drug characteristics with the treatment costs of orphan and non-orphan drugs. The results of the study showed that the median …

Tech Note 2023-1 Nih Contribution To Phased Clinical Development Of Drugs Approved From 2010-2019, Edward Zhou, Matthew Jackson, Fred Ledley

CISI Publication

This report describes the methods and preliminary results for the manuscript titled, “Spending on Phased Clinical Development of Approved Drugs by the US National Institutes of Health Compared With Industry.”

Prescription Drug Retail Sales In The Mountain West, Caren Royce Yap, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Health

This fact sheet synthesizes data on prescription drug retail sales in the Mountain West (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah). "Retail Sales for Prescription Drugs Filled at Pharmacies by Payer," a 2019 report by the Kaiser Family Foundation, includes data on the amount of retail sales for prescription drugs made in each state by dollar amount, along with the method of coverage, including commercial, Medicare, Medicaid and cash payment.

Medication Cost Reduction And Substitution Strategies Through The Mymetrx Program At Catholic Hospice, Ana M. Sanchez Monroig, Tracy Romanello, Joseph Solien, Sanaz Kashan, Angel E. Sanchez Artiles

East Florida Division GME Research Day 2023

Please see supplemental content for full abstract with references.

Introduction: As healthcare costs continue to rise, and with the growing awareness of the potential harms of polypharmacy, there is an ongoing need to explore strategies to optimize medication use in hospice settings. Strategies include deprescribing and medication substitutions, which ensure the safety and comfort of patients but can also lead to significant medication cost reduction.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the MyMetRx program on medication cost reduction and medication substitutions within the context of Catholic Hospice. The program aimed to optimize medication …

Striving For Appropriate Antibiotic Use: A Biomarker Initiative, And Outcomes Associated With Azithromycin Exposure, Amanda Gusovsky

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

The introduction of antibiotics into clinical practice is considered the greatest medical breakthrough of the 20^thcentury. However, the use of antibiotics can contribute to the development of resistance. In the United States (U.S.), approximately 2.8 million people are infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria each year, and more than 35,000 people die as a result. Moreover, some antibiotics are known to cause cardiac side effects including QT prolongation, hypotension, and ventricular arrythmias. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines appropriate antibiotic use as the effort to use “the right antibiotic, at the right dose, for the right …

Population-Based Evaluation Of Treatment Patterns, Drug-Drug Interactions, And Cardiovascular Risk In Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Yue Cheng

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Prostate cancer has the highest increasing rate and new cases among all cancer in men in the United States and has a higher risk in elderly men. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is the late stage of prostate cancer and associated with poor prognosis (median survival 13 months). Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) use with novel hormone therapy or standard chemotherapy are recommended for mCRPC treatment. Although, the treatment options expanded significantly in recent years, new challenges are present because of the aging population, larger treatment spectrum and co-administrated medication use for other underlying medical conditions, especially for cardiovascular disease (CVD), …

Redlining And Opioid Overdose Outcomes: Do Historical Housing Policies Still Impact Health Today?, Sahana Paravantavida

Honors Theses

This study examines the relationship between historical housing policies and current health outcomes, specifically the impact of redlining on opioid overdose rates. Using data collected from the state of New Jersey, neighborhoods with a history of redlining have higher rates of opioid overdose deaths. My findings suggest that historical housing policies, which systematically excluded certain populations from accessing affordable housing and resources, continue to impact health outcomes today.

Gender Differences In Administration Of Tpa In Treatment Of Ischemic Stroke, Christina Annerino

CURE Proceedings

As medicine and pharmacology advance through the years, new life-saving treatments are studied or discovered every day, and a medical emergency is no longer a death sentence. Even with conditions as serious as ischemic stroke, there is hope for survival and rehabilitation with the ‘clot-busting’ drug, tissue plasminogen activator, colloquially known as ‘tPA’. tPA is a thrombolytic agent, a substance that acts on fibrin in clots to dissolve them so they can no longer cause ischemia in blood vessels that results in a stroke. (Vega, 2022). tPA is an extremely effective treatment for ischemic stroke, demonstrated in 2013 by a …

Modeling The Bidirectional Relationship Between Shared-Patient Physician Networks And Patient Longitudinal Treatment Patterns: Application To Physician Risky-Prescribing, Xin Ran

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Risky-prescribing is a pressing public health concern in the United States. Opioids, benzodiazepines, and non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics (sedative-hypnotics) are three commonly-prescribed but potentially risky drug groups, prescribed alone or in combination. Physician shared-patient networks provide a unique perspective in studying physician network characteristics and structures, as well as their association with the delivery of health care. Understanding how physician shared-patient networks are related to their prescribing may inform network-based interventions targeting risky-prescribing, which is yet to be fully studied.

We investigated patient receipt of risky prescriptions and physician risky-prescribing intensity through the scope of shared-patient networks. We used retrospective Medicare insurance …

Long-Term Prescription Opioid Use, Cancer Stage, And Economic Burden Among Older Cancer Survivors With Non-Cancer Chronic Pain Conditions, Rudi Safarudin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Opioids are commonly prescribed to treat pain conditions, which are highly prevalent among older adults (≥65 years). Recent evidence shows that opioids may have carcinogenic effects through immunosuppression and free-radical pathways, which could promote cancer growth. Two population-based studies have reported an association of opioid use with incident cancer. Many individuals with non-cancer chronic pain conditions (NCPCs) may use opioids for a long term. However, the association of long-term prescription opioid (LPO) use with cancer stage at diagnosis is still unknown. Furthermore, evidence suggests that individuals with cancer and pre-existing NCPCs may persistently use opioids, even in the absence of …

A Quality Improvement Project To Improve Management Of Urinary Tract Infections In A System Of Pediatric Urgent Care Centers, Benjamin Klick, Tammy Speerhas, Jessica Parrott, Jeffrey Bobrowitz, Anne Mcevoy, Debra Conrad, Theresa Guins

Ellmer School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Background and objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common problem in pediatric urgent care medicine. There are multiple quality improvement (QI) projects related to the management of UTIs documented in the pediatric literature. We developed a project to decrease the prescribing of ultimately unneeded antibiotics for possible UTIs in a pediatric urgent care setting. A similar project has not been described in the pediatric literature.

Methods: We first reviewed the charts of patients presenting to a system of pediatric urgent care centers with a possible UTI over a 2-year period. We then launched a QI project with three plan, …

Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Receipt Of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factor Screening And Treatment Among Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Androgen Deprivation Therapy., Yazan K. Barqawi

Pharmaceutical Sciences ETDs

Background: Racial and ethnic health disparities in prostate cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality, quality of life, screening, and treatment constitute the largest of all cancer disparities. These health disparities are associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates in minority populations. Treatment with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the most widely used therapeutic modality to reduce the progression of prostate cancer to a worse disease stage and relieve potential obstructive symptoms. However, ADT is associated with possible toxic metabolic and cardiovascular (CVS) adverse events that may occur within six months of ADT initiation. These adverse events include metabolic syndrome, type II …

Nurse-Led Education On Oral Chemotherapy Medications, Carmen Lucia Glick Alonso

Master's Projects and Capstones

Problem: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women in the United States. Annually, around 264,000 breast cancer cases are diagnosed in women and 2,400 in men (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022). According to the American Cancer Society, the risk of a woman in the United States being diagnosed with breast cancer in their life is around 13% (2022).

Context: Along with a cancer diagnosis comes the need to introduce patient education about new oral chemotherapy treatments. As a treatment team member, the oncology nurse plays a vital role in this …

Takeda Pharmaceutical Rare Hematology Strategic Audit, Brian Duval

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company is a large Japanese-based multinational pharmaceutical company that manufactures treatments for many different diseases. It is the largest pharmaceutical company in Asia and has a significant share in markets across the world. This report focuses specifically on Takeda’s treatments for rare bleeding disorders under its Rare Diseases & Hematology division. Using internal and external analysis tools, this report seeks to understand how Takeda has created and sustained competitive advantages in the complex environment of the pharmaceutical industry. Specific tools used to highlight this include Porter’s Five Forces and PESTEL analyses. This report also examines the environment surrounding …

Gabapentin Presents High Potential For Misuse, Alberto Coustasse, Stacie Deslich, Susan W. Lanham, Brittany Riley

Management Faculty Research

The FDA Approved Gabapentin in 1993 as a non-controlled substance and it has remained a non-controlled substance at the federal level. The drug was created as an anticonvulsant and used to treat seizure disorders. The medication has also been used to treat hot flashes, neuropathic pain, pain, postoperative nausea, substance abuse issues, and vomiting. It is estimated that approximately 1% of people in the United States misuse gabapentin. This fact has compelled certain states to generate legislative initiatives designed to monitor the use and/or reclassify gabapentin. In 2019, US pharmacies dispensed 69 million prescriptions for gabapentin.

Evaluation Methods For Vaccination Campaigns On College Campuses: A Scoping Review, Alexcia Carr, Eric Pittman, Hyllore Imeri, Saara Nasruddin, Wesley Sparkmon, Katherine J. Head, Sarah Vivo, Marie Barnard

Faculty and Student Publications

Background: Vaccinations are successful, cost-effective tools to prevent the spread of certain infectious diseases. Many colleges conduct vaccination campaigns on their campuses for various vaccinepreventable diseases, including measles, mumps, influenza, HPV, and most recently, for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. Implementing these campaigns requires substantial effort and understanding their effectiveness is an important factor in justifying these programs.
Aim: This scoping review aims to identify, review, and summarize existing evaluation methods for vaccination campaigns on college campuses in order to provide evaluation guidance for institutions planning future vaccination campaigns.
Methods: Publications that focused on vaccination campaigns on college campuses …

The U.S. Travel Health Pharmacists’ Role In A Post-Covid-19 Pandemic Era, Keri Hurley-Kim, Karina Babish, Eva Chen, Alexis Diaz, Nathan Hahn, Derek Evans, Sheila M. Seed, Karl Hess

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Many countries have enforced strict regulations on travel since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in December 2019. However, with the development of several vaccines and tests to help identify it, international travel has mostly resumed in the United States (US). Community pharmacists have long been highly accessible to the public and are capable of providing travel health services and are in an optimal position to provide COVID-19 patient care services to those who are now starting to travel again. Objectives: (1) To discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the practice of travel health and …

Pharmacists’ Response To The Opioid Crisis: A California Naloxone Survey, Jerika T. Lam, Moom Roosan, Mary A. Gutierrez, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

This study aimed to assess pharmacists’ response to the current opioid crisis in California, particularly regarding the prevalence of naloxone furnishing (or dispensing without a prescription) and prescriptions for medication-assisted treatment (MAT) drugs for opioid use disorder (OUD) to patients and consumers.

An Exploration Of Ambulatory Visits And Medications Prescribed For Patients Diagnosed With Lupus Erythematosus In The United States, Salena Marie Preciado

Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

This dissertation sought to understand the management and treatment of patients diagnosed with lupus erythematosus. To accomplish the objectives of this research, three studies were conducted. First, a systematic literature review was done to assess the current landscape of available clinical guidelines for disease treatment. This research then used the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 2006-2016 to explore real-world trends in medications prescribed, comorbidities and chronic conditions associated with lupus. Data is weighted to be nationally representative of the U.S. The third study explored sociological influences or nonclinical factors on the prescribing of medications for patients with lupus. …

Approvals And Prices Of Systemic Antibiotics In Saudi Arabia And The United States, Saad Alharthi

Pharmaceutical Sciences (MS) Theses

Introduction

Antibiotics is one of the therapeutic classes with the highest level of consumption in the world. Despite the global diffusion of antibiotics, their availability and prices vary by country. This study assessed differences in the availability and prices of systemic antibiotics marketed in the United States (US) and Saudi Arabia and evaluated the factors associated with the differences in prices of systemic antibiotics marketed in both countries.

Material and Methods

We collected regulatory data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), the National Average Drug Acquisition Cost (NADAC) and the …

Gaps In Patient Education On Safe Handling And Disposal Of Oral Chemotherapy Drugs: A Pilot Prospective Cohort Survey Study, Sun Yang, Priya Patel, Alexandra Corcoran, Eric Dobberpuhl, Samantha Isidro, Dustin Le, Analise Klassen, Jay Rho, David Tran, Richard Beuttler, Neda Noori Nassr, Katherine Gruenberg, Siu-Fun Wong

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Oral anticancer chemotherapy (OC) has been misperceived as being safer than intravenous chemotherapy, leading to its increased risk of improper handling and disposal. This survey study assessed the knowledge, practices and attitudes of pharmacists and patients regarding OC handling and disposal, gaps in knowledge and barriers to patient education. Methods

Surveys were developed based on literature review and pilot study validation results. Patients completed a 33-item paper or electronic survey whereas pharmacists completed a 38-item electronic survey. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test computed using the R Project were used for analyses. Results

Pharmacist group (16/25, 62.5%) and patient …

Orphan Drugs: Designations, Approvals, And Prices In The Us, Hana Althobaiti

Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

Introduction. Rare disease drug approvals have accelerated significantly in recent years. Even with these advances, patients continue to face challenges in receiving treatment, with most rare diseases lacking any approved treatments. Moreover, even when a treatment is available, it does not always reach the patients who benefit from it.

Objectives. This dissertation assessed the characteristics of orphan drug designations and approvals and the factors associated with the time lag between orphan designation and approval in the US from 1983 to 2021. It also evaluated the treatment cost of orphan and non-orphan drugs and factors explaining the treatment cost of new …

Analyzing Factors Impacting Time To Full Approval Of Innovative Drugs Via An Accelerated Approval Pathway In The United States, Eleanor Panico

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Background and purpose of study: Pharmaceutical drugs are commonly used to treat various ailments and the pharmaceutical industry is increasingly leveraging expedited pathways to market, like the FDA’s accelerated approval pathway. Thus, these pathways are becoming more prevalent and thus more scrutinized for reliability. A consequence from this increased utilization is observed variability in time to reach full approval from the point accelerated approval was received. Variables that may impact time and ability to reach full approval should be further investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore, identify and predict variables that may influence time from accelerated approval …

Will Reducing Drug Prices Slow Innovation?, Gregory Vaughan, Fred Ledley

Mathematical Sciences Faculty Publications

The pharmaceutical industry has long argued that high drug prices reflect the high cost of innovation and that reducing drug prices would necessarily slow the pipeline of new drugs. These arguments have been bolstered by studies of large pharmaceutical companies showing statistical associations between the projected market size or revenue for pharmaceutical products and research & development (R&D) activity. Our analysis recognizes the increasingly important role of small biopharmaceuticals in drug development , companies that typically have little revenue and negative earnings, but are now responsible for more than 40% of new drug approvals. We examine the relationship between changes …

Will Reducing Drug Prices Slow Innovation?, Gregory Vaughan, Fred Ledley

Natural & Applied Sciences Faculty Publications

The pharmaceutical industry has long argued that high drug prices reflect the high cost of innovation and that reducing drug prices would necessarily slow the pipeline of new drugs. These arguments have been bolstered by studies of large pharmaceutical companies showing statistical associations between the projected market size or revenue for pharmaceutical products and research & development (R&D) activity. Our analysis recognizes the increasingly important role of small biopharmaceuticals in drug development , companies that typically have little revenue and negative earnings, but are now responsible for more than 40% of new drug approvals. We examine the relationship between changes …

Interrogating Race And Place-Based Inequities In Hiv And Covid-19, Rohan Khazanchi

MD Honors Theses

Over the last four years, I have developed a research focus examining the intersections of race, place, and health. My M.D. Honors Thesis reflects a snapshot of these efforts. In this collection of brief research reports, I leverage area-based measures to investigate structural inequities in three contexts: the HIV epidemic in our hyperlocal community, the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, and clinical trials for novel COVID-19 therapeutics. I apply novel social epidemiologic tools to measure and explore disparate outcomes. And, in reflecting upon my findings, I discuss concrete implications for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers alike.

Chapter 1: Neighborhood-Level Deprivation …

Content Analysis Of Vitiligo Portrayal On Social Media, Mary Miller

Honors Theses

Given that vitiligo affects a small percentage of the world population, and its affects are not widely known, there is an increasing need to learn of its effects on those with vitiligo, both physical and psychological. Social media has become an influential platform to spread awareness and build confidence in those with vitiligo. This study aims to find how vitiligo is portrayed through social media using content analysis procedures. This is a cross-sectional content analysis that utilized a codebook to analyze Instagram posts. The results were analyzed by interrater reliability and frequency for each coder. The findings of this content …