Radiology Commons^™

Editorial For "Parallel Cnn-Deep Learning Clinical-Imaging Signature For Assessing Pathologic Grade And Prognosis Of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients", Pegah Khosravi

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Unlikely Cohabitants: A Collision Tumor Of Metastatic Small Cell Lung Carcinoma And Adrenal Adenoma, Michael Demeritt, Savanna Atwal, Stefan Johnson, Kevin Lightner, Joel Thompson

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

This case report is the second known publication of a very specific collision tumor, where small cell lung cancer metastasized to an adrenal adenoma. The focus is primarily on multimodal radiologic findings of the developing neoplasm, including CT, MRI, and FDG PET/CT. These findings are compared with established diagnostic criteria for adrenal adenomas and metastases, as identified by the literature and content expert review. Epidemiological data regarding collision tumors is discussed, as well as proposed treatment strategies. Similar topics are elucidated for small cell lung carcinoma. Reporting of this collision tumor adds to the relatively thin body of knowledge of …

Scanless Two-Photon Voltage Imaging, Ruth R Sims, Imane Bendifallah, Christiane Grimm, Aysha S Mohamed Lafirdeen, Soledad Domínguez, Chung Yuen Chan, Xiaoyu Lu, Benoît C Forget, François St-Pierre, Eirini Papagiakoumou, Valentina Emiliani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Two-photon voltage imaging has long been heralded as a transformative approach capable of answering many long-standing questions in modern neuroscience. However, exploiting its full potential requires the development of novel imaging approaches well suited to the photophysical properties of genetically encoded voltage indicators. We demonstrate that parallel excitation approaches developed for scanless two-photon photostimulation enable high-SNR two-photon voltage imaging. We use whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology to perform a thorough characterization of scanless two-photon voltage imaging using three parallel illumination approaches and lasers with different repetition rates and wavelengths. We demonstrate voltage recordings of high-frequency spike trains and sub-threshold depolarizations from neurons …

Postoperative Bioactive Adrenomedullin Is Associated With The Onset Of Ards And Adverse Outcomes In Patients Undergoing Open Thoracoabdominal Aortic Surgery, Panagiotis Doukas, Oliver Hartmann, Jelle Frankort, Birte Arlt, Hanif Krabbe, Michael Johan Jacobs, Andreas Greiner, Jan Paul Frese, Alexander Gombert

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cytokine-mediated systemic inflammation after open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repairs plays a pivotal role in disrupting circulatory homeostasis, potentially leading to organ dysfunction. The bioactive form of adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) is a peptide hormone with immunomodulatory and vasomotor effects, making it a potential diagnostic agent in these cases. This retrospective, bicentric study, conducted between January 2019 and December 2022, recruited 36 elective open TAAA repair patients in two German centres. Serum and plasma samples were collected at multiple time points to measure bio-ADM levels. The primary objective was to evaluate the association of bio-ADM levels with the onset of acute respiratory …

A “Fishy” Situation, Rare Pathogen And Presentation In Prosthetic Valve Infective Endocarditis, Nichole Schtupak, Patrick Kennedy, Darko Pucar, Linda Godinez, Jodi-Ann Chin, Kristen Selema, Dipan Uppa, Antonio Lewis, Marcelo Helguera

DMSc Student Publications

Lactococcus garviae (L. garviae) is a gram-positive coccus belonging to the Streptococcaceae family. While primarily a pathogen in fish farms causing hemorrhagic sepsis, it can act as a rare opportunistic pathogen in humans. A 2021 case report by Bravo et al. documented less than 30 cases of infective endocarditis caused by L. garviae worldwide at that time. This case report describes the 27th documented case globally and 7th documented case in the USA of L. garviae causing infective endocarditis of a prosthetic valve.
L. garviae is found in unpasteurized dairy products, raw fish, and meat (pork, beef, and …

Cardiovascular Imaging, Climate Change, And Environmental Sustainability., Suvai Gunasekaran, Andrew Szava-Kovats, Thomas Battey, Jonathan Gross, Eugenio Picano, Subha V Raman, Emil Lee, Malenka M Bissell, Mirvat Alasnag, Adrienne E Campbell-Washburn, Kate Hanneman

Heart and Vascular Articles

Environmental exposures including poor air quality and extreme temperatures are exacerbated by climate change and are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Concomitantly, the delivery of health care generates substantial atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contributing to the climate crisis. Therefore, cardiac imaging teams must be aware not only of the adverse cardiovascular health effects of climate change, but also the downstream environmental ramifications of cardiovascular imaging. The purpose of this review is to highlight the impact of climate change on cardiovascular health, discuss the environmental impact of cardiovascular imaging, and describe opportunities to improve environmental sustainability of cardiac MRI, cardiac …

Labrad : Vol 49, Issue 1 - June 2024, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• EDITORIAL
• ARTICLES
• Empowering Donors Through Technology
• Impact of Clinical Laboratories on Greenhouse gas emissions
• Embracing Digitalization and Sustainability: Streamlining Laboratory Reporting
• Accelerating Productivity and Performance: Transition from Transcribers to Working with Speech Recognition.
• ECO-Friendly Molecular Pathology Laboratory Practices
• Let’s Work to Build A Sustainable Histopathology Lab
• Laboratory Sustainability -Things to Promote Eco-Conscious Laboratory Environment
• A Guide to Develop the current and future Eco-Friendly Molecular Lab practices
• The Role of Microbiology Laboratories in Seaweed Reduction and Sustainable Agar Production
• The Role of Behavioral Change in Reducing Energy Use in Microbiology Laboratories
• Reducing Pathology’s Environmental Impact – What can we do?
• Water …

A New Computed Tomography Score-Based Staging For Melioidosis Pneumonia To Predict Progression, Yang Chen, Dehuai He, Yehua Wu, Xiangying Li, Kaifu Yang, Yuefu Zhan, Jianqiang Chen, Xiaobo Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

infectious disease prevalent in tropical regions. Chest computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a valuable tool for assessing the severity and progression of lung involvement in melioidosis pneumonia. However, there persists a need for the quantitative assessment of CT characteristics and staging methodologies to precisely anticipate disease progression. This study aimed to quantitatively extract CT features and evaluate a CT score-based staging system in predicting the progression of melioidosis pneumonia.

Methods: This study included 97 patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis pneumonia who presented between January 2002 and December 2021. Lung segmentation and annotation of lesions (consolidation, nodules, and cavity) were used …

Thyroid Cartilage Metastases From Prostate Cancer On 18f Psma Pet Ct: A Case Series, Poonamjeet Loyal, Samuel Gitau, Khalid Makhdomi

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Prostate cancer metastases to the thyroid cartilage is an extremely rare phenomenon. We report three cases of advanced prostate carcinoma with metastases to the thyroid cartilage identified on 18F prostate-specific membrane antigen-1007 (PSMA-1007) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). The pathophysiology and possibility for under-reporting are also discussed. Prostate cancer metastases to the larynx should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cartilage lesions in patients with advanced prostate cancer and is associated with poor prognosis.

Adding 6 Months Of Androgen Deprivation Therapy To Postoperative Radiotherapy For Prostate Cancer: A Comparison Of Short-Course Versus No Androgen Deprivation Therapy In The Radicals-Hd Randomised Controlled Trial, Chris C Parker, Noel W Clarke, Adrian D Cook, Howard Kynaston, Charles N Catton, William R Cross, Peter M Petersen, Rajendra A Persad, Fred Saad, Lorna C Bower, John Logue, Heather Payne, Silvia Forcat, Cindy Goldstein, Claire Murphy, Juliette Anderson, Maroie Barkati, David M Bottomley, Jennifer Branagan, Ananya Choudhury, Peter W M Chung, Lyn Cogley, Chee L Goh, Peter Hoskin, Vincent Khoo, Shawn C Malone, Lindsey Masters, Stephen L Morris, Abdenour Nabid, Aldrich D Ong, Rakesh Raman, Kathryn L Tarver, Alison C Tree, Jane Worlding, James P Wylie, Anjali M Zarkar, Wendy R Parulekar, Mahesh K B Parmar, Matthew R Sydes, Radicals Investigators

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Previous evidence indicates that adjuvant, short-course androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves metastasis-free survival when given with primary radiotherapy for intermediate-risk and high-risk localised prostate cancer. However, the value of ADT with postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy is unclear.

METHODS: RADICALS-HD was an international randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of ADT used in combination with postoperative radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Key eligibility criteria were indication for radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen less than 5 ng/mL, absence of metastatic disease, and written consent. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to radiotherapy alone (no ADT) or radiotherapy …

Longitudinal Changes In The Carotid Arteries Of Head And Neck Cancer Patients Following Radiation Therapy: Results From A Prospective Serial Imaging Biomarker Characterization Study, Efstratios Koutroumpakis, Abdallah Sherif Radwan Mohamed, Peter Chaftari, David I Rosenthal, Dorothy Gujral, Christopher Nutting, Serageldin Kamel, Mohamed A Naser, Peter Kim, Roland Bassett, Clifton D Fuller, Elie Mouhayar, Md Anderson Head Neck Radiation Oncology Cardiovascular Working Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: We prospectively evaluated morphologic and functional changes in the carotid arteries of patients treated with unilateral neck radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer.

METHODS: Bilateral carotid artery duplex studies were performed at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 months and 2, 3, 4, and 5 years following RT. Intima media thickness (IMT); global and regional circumferential, as well as radial strain, arterial elasticity, stiffness, and distensibility were calculated.

RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were included. A significant difference in the IMT from baseline between irradiated and unirradiated carotid arteries was detected at 18 months (median, 0.073 mm vs -0.003 mm; …

Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury (Bcvi): Universal Cta Neck Screening At Level 2 Trauma Center, Tamine Gogel

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury (BCVI) refers to injuries to the vessels supplying blood to the brain, primarily carotid and vertebral arteries, and can result from trauma, resulting in stroke by vessel dissection, thrombus formation, embolization, and hemorrhage. Timely identification is crucial for effective intervention and improved outcomes. This doctoral project proposes the implementation of universal screening using Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) of the neck during initial workup for blunt force trauma at a Level II ACS-verified trauma center. The primary objective is to mitigate potential delays in diagnosing and treating BCVI, thereby reducing the likelihood of complications. Patients ≥ 15 years …

Early Outcomes Of Mr-Guided Sbrt For Patients With Recurrent Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Spencer Poiset, Sophia Shah, Louis Cappelli, Rani Anné, Karen Mooney, Maria Werner-Wasik, Talya Laufer, James Posey, Daniel Lin, Atrayee Mallick, Harish Lavu, Babar Bashir, Charles Yeo, Adam Mueller

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Local treatment options for locally recurrent pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LR-PAC) are limited, with median survival time (MST) of 9-13 months (mos) following recurrence. MRI-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (MRgSBRT) provides the ability to dose escalate while sparing normal tissue. Here we report on the early outcomes of MRgSBRT for LR-PAC.

METHODS: Patients with prior resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with local recurrence treated with MRgSBRT at a single tertiary referral center from 5-2021 to 2-2023 were identified from our prospective database. MRgSBRT was delivered to 40-50 Gy in 4-5 fractions with target and OAR delineation per institutional standards. Endpoints included local …

Vascular Risk Profile And Changes Of Arterial Hypertension After Surgical Revascularization In Adult Moyamoya Patients, Patrick Haas, Lucas Moritz Wiggenhauser, Jonas Tellermann, Helene Hurth, Daniel Feucht, Marcos Tatagiba, Nadia Khan, Constantin Roder

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare stenoocclusive cerebral vasculopathy often treated by neurosurgical revascularization using extracranial-intracranial bypasses to prevent ischemic or hemorrhagic events. Little is known about the vascular risk profile of adult MMD patients compared to the general population. We therefore analyzed 133 adult MMD patients and compared them with data from more than 22,000 patients from the German Health Update database. Patients with MMD showed an age- and sex-adjusted increased prevalence of arterial hypertension, especially in women between 30 and 44 years and in patients of both sexes between 45 and 64 years. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed significantly …

An International Phantom Study Of Inter-Site Variability In Technetium-99m Image Quantification: Analyses From The Target Radioembolization Study, Grace Keane, Rob Van Rooij, Marnix Lam, S Cheenu Kappadath, Bilal Kovan, Stephanie Leon, Matthew Dreher, Kirk Fowers, Hugo De Jong

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Personalised multi-compartment dosimetry based on [

RESULTS: Regarding the LSF, inter-site variation with planar site-specific protocols was minimal, as determined by comparing computed LSF between sites (interquartile range 9.6-10.1%). A standardised protocol did not improve variation (interquartile range 8.4-9.0%) but did improve mean accuracy compared to the site-specific protocols (5.0% error for standardised protocol vs 8.8% error for site-specific protocols). Regarding the CRC, inter-system variation was notable for site-specific SPECT protocols and could not be improved by the standardised protocol (CRC interquartile range for 37 mm sphere 0.5-0.7 and 0.6-0.8 respectively), however the standardised protocol did improve accuracy of …

Outcomes And Pattern Of Care For Spinal Myxopapillary Ependymoma In The Modern Era-A Population-Based Observational Study, Chenyang Wang, Michael K Rooney, Christopher Alvarez-Breckenridge, Thomas H Beckham, Caroline Chung, Brian S De, Amol J Ghia, David Grosshans, Nazanin K Majd, Mary F Mcaleer, Susan L Mcgovern, Robert Y North, Arnold C Paulino, Subha Perni, Jay P Reddy, Laurence D Rhines, Todd A Swanson, Claudio E Tatsui, Martin C Tom, Debra N Yeboa, Jing Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

(1) Background: Myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is a rare tumor of the spine, typically slow-growing and low-grade. Optimal management strategies remain unclear due to limited evidence given the low incidence of the disease. (2) Methods: We analyzed data from 1197 patients with spinal MPE from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000-2020). Patient demographics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were examined using statistical analyses. (3) Results: Most patients were White (89.9%) with a median age at diagnosis of 42 years. Surgical resection was performed in 95% of cases. The estimated 10-year overall survival was 91.4%. Younger age (hazard ratio …

Improved Pediatric Icu Mortality Prediction For Respiratory Diseases: Machine Learning And Data Subdivision Insights, Johayra Prithula, Muhammad E H Chowdhury, Muhammad Salman Khan, Khalid Al-Ansari, Susu M Zughaier, Khandaker Reajul Islam, Abdulrahman Alqahtani

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The growing concern of pediatric mortality demands heightened preparedness in clinical settings, especially within intensive care units (ICUs). As respiratory-related admissions account for a substantial portion of pediatric illnesses, there is a pressing need to predict ICU mortality in these cases. This study based on data from 1188 patients, addresses this imperative using machine learning techniques and investigating different class balancing methods for pediatric ICU mortality prediction. This study employs the publicly accessible "Paediatric Intensive Care database" to train, validate, and test a machine learning model for predicting pediatric patient mortality. Features were ranked using three machine learning feature selection …

Systemic Inflammatory Markers Of Persistent Cerebral Edema After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Nadia Khan, Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka, Gniewomir Latacz, Krzysztof Gil

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In the first part of this article, the role of intestinal epithelial tight junctions (TJs), together with gastrointestinal dopaminergic and renin-angiotensin systems, are narratively reviewed to provide sufficient background. In the second part, the current experimental data on the interplay between gastrointestinal (GI) dopaminergic and renin-angiotensin systems in the regulation of intestinal epithelial permeability are reviewed in a systematic manner using the PRISMA methodology. Experimental data confirmed the copresence of DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in human and rodent enterocytes. The intestinal barrier structure and integrity can be altered by angiotensin (1-7) and dopamine (DA). Both …

A Novel Positive-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Line Marker For High-Dose-Rate (Hdr) Mri-Assisted Radiosurgery (Mars), Li Wang, Yao Ding, Teresa L Bruno, R Jason Stafford, Eric Lin, Tharakeswara K Bathala, Jeremiah W Sanders, Matthew S Ning, Jingfei Ma, Ann H Klopp, Aradhana Venkatesan, Jihong Wang, Karen S Martirosyan, Steven J Frank

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can facilitate accurate organ delineation and optimal dose distributions in high-dose-rate (HDR) MRI-Assisted Radiosurgery (MARS). Its use for this purpose has been limited by the lack of positive-contrast MRI markers that can clearly delineate the lumen of the HDR applicator and precisely show the path of the HDR source on T1- and T2-weighted MRI sequences. We investigated a novel MRI positive-contrast HDR brachytherapy or interventional radiotherapy line marker, C4:S, consisting of C4 (visible on T1-weighted images) complexed with saline. Longitudinal relaxation time (T1) and transverse relaxation time (T2) for C4:S were measured on a 1.5 T …

A Multi-Institutional Meningioma Mri Dataset For Automated Multi-Sequence Image Segmentation, Dominic Labella, Omaditya Khanna, Shan Mcburney-Lin, Ryan Mclean, Pierre Nedelec, Arif Rashid, Nourel Hoda Tahon, Talissa Altes, Ujjwal Baid, Radhika Bhalerao, Yaseen Dhemesh, Scott Floyd, Devon Godfrey, Fathi Hilal, Anastasia Janas, Anahita Kazerooni, Collin Kent, John Kirkpatrick, Florian Kofler, Kevin Leu, Nazanin Maleki, Bjoern Menze, Maxence Pajot, Zachary Reitman, Jeffrey Rudie, Rachit Saluja, Yury Velichko, Chunhao Wang, Pranav Warman, Nico Sollmann, David Diffley, Khanak Nandolia, Daniel Warren, Ali Hussain, John Pascal Fehringer, Yulia Bronstein, Lisa Deptula, Evan Stein, Mahsa Taherzadeh, Eduardo Portela De Oliveira, Aoife Haughey, Marinos Kontzialis, Luca Saba, Benjamin Turner, Melanie Brüßeler, Shehbaz Ansari, Athanasios Gkampenis, David Maximilian Weiss, Aya Mansour, Islam Shawali, Nikolay Yordanov, Joel Stein, Roula Hourani, Mohammed Yahya Moshebah, Ahmed Magdy Abouelatta, Tanvir Rizvi, Klara Willms, Dann Martin, Abdullah Okar, Gennaro D'Anna, Ahmed Taha, Yasaman Sharifi, Shahriar Faghani, Dominic Kite, Marco Pinho, Muhammad Ammar Haider, Michelle Alonso-Basanta, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Andreas Rauschecker, Ayman Nada, Mariam Aboian, Adam Flanders, Spyridon Bakas, Evan Calabrese

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Radiologists, neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, and radiation oncologists rely on brain MRI for diagnosis, treatment planning, and longitudinal treatment monitoring. However, automated, objective, and quantitative tools for non-invasive assessment of meningiomas on multi-sequence MR images are not available. Here we present the BraTS Pre-operative Meningioma Dataset, as the largest multi-institutional expert annotated multilabel meningioma multi-sequence MR image dataset to date. This dataset includes 1,141 multi-sequence MR images from six sites, each with four structural MRI sequences (T2-, T2/FLAIR-, pre-contrast T1-, and post-contrast T1-weighted) accompanied by …

Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Of The Face, Erin Brown, Cheyenne Rahimi, Neel D. Gupta, Jagan D. Gupta, Triet M. Do, Mae Igi, Enrique Palacios

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Port Catheter Fracture: A Silent Intrusion Into The Right Ventricle, Sanya Chandna, Saumya Nanda, Ankit Agrawal, Kavin Raj, Umesh Bhagat, Keerthana Jyotheeswara Pillai, Suryansh Bajaj

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Central venous port-a-catheters play a pivotal role in various medical procedures, yet they are associated with a spectrum of complications. Catheter fracture with cardiac migration is a rare complication, occurring in less than 1% of patients. Although not very common, it can cause severe issues, necessitating fragment removal. We present a case of spontaneous mediport fracture and migration in a patient with a history of Hodgkin's lymphoma and prior chemotherapy. He presented with nausea, vomiting, and tachycardia. Further evaluation revealed elevated total leukocyte count and labs consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis. He was diagnosed with new-onset diabetes mellitus. Imaging studies confirmed …

Studying The History Of Histopathology In Preclinical Medical Education As A Guide For The Uniform Integration Of Radiology In Medical Education, Jeffrey Girardot, Navid Faraji

Student Scholarship

Radiology and pathology, though distinct fields within medical education, share a common foundation in their essential roles for accurate diagnosis and understanding of diseases. While pathology, particularly histopathology, has long been integrated into preclinical medical education in the United States, radiology education has traditionally been less emphasized. This paper examines the historical development of histopathology training in medical education and its central role, contrasting it with the comparatively peripheral position of radiology education. We explore the historical context of medical education in the United States, tracing the integration of histopathology following the Flexner Report of 1910. In contrast, radiology, emerging …

Improving Time To Mri In The Emergency Room For Spinal Epidural Abscesses, Karim Hafazalla, Md, Angeleah Carreras, Ms, Sean Mcgann, Md, Scott Faro, Md, Adam Flanders, Md, Richard Schmidt, Md, James Harrop, Md

Health Equity and Quality Improvement (HEQI) Summit

Background

Magnetic resonance images (MRI) is integral in assessing pathology. This is especially true in the emergency room (ER), where delays in diagnosing emergent neurologic pathologies, including spinal epidural abscesses (EDAs), where the morbidity can be severe if not addressed in time. This study aims to implement an expedited imaging pathway for this urgent / emergent pathology.

Hydralazine Associated Neutrophilic Dermatosis: A Unique Case Observing Dile, Anca Vasculitis, And Sweet Syndrome, Nicholas Olen, Jacob Horsley, Berk Celik, Joseph Skender, Shailesh Niroula

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Introduction: This case report highlights a 73-year-old male with biopsy-proven neutrophilic dermatosis with concern for Sweet Syndrome in the context of suspected hydralazine-induced systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune markers that initially pointed towards hydralazine-induced ANCA vasculitis. Case Presentation: The patient is a 73-year-old male with a past medical history significant for chronic kidney disease, urothelial cancer in 2021, renal cancer in 2013, and stage 1A left lung cancer. The patient additionally underwent workup for low white count and splenomegaly in months leading up to hospitalization, with bone marrow biopsy and workup negative for myelodysplastic syndrome or malignancy. Patient initially presented …

Applications Of Deep Learning With Detecting Intracranial Aneurysms On Ct Angiograms: A Literature Review, Christian Fang, Emily Wang

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

INTRODUCTION

Deep learning is a method of artificial intelligence involving progressively layered neural networks to extrapolate patterns from data to provide predictions. Moreover, given the arduous nature required for examining CT scans for intracranial aneurysms, discovering ways to expedite this process is beneficial. The use of deep learning to evaluate CT angiograms for intracranial aneurysms has been sparsely studied. This literature review aims to determine the accuracy and reliability of deep learning to analyze CT angiograms in patients suspected to have intracranial aneurysms.

METHODS

A qualitative review of literature using PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE was conducted. Inclusion criteria comprised articles …

Unveiling The Potential: The Role Of Ai-Enhanced Ecg In Cardiovascular Disease Detection, Alisha Vincent

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Background: The Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely utilized, non-invasive, cost-effective cardiac test. Its integration with Artificial Intelligence (AI) has empowered it to become a potent screening tool and a predictor for various cardiovascular diseases, especially in asymptomatic individuals. Objective: This review investigates the utility of AI-powered ECG in early detection of cardiac conditions, focusing on conditions such as low ejection fraction (LEF), atrial fibrillation (AF), aortic valve stenosis (AVS), and cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Methods: A literature review spanning 2018 to 2024 was conducted, analyzing 10 articles - 3 on AF, 3 on AVS, 3 on LEF, and …

Using Fmri To Assess Effectiveness Of Olanzapine Treatment For Schizophrenia, William Kyle Copenhaver, David F. Lo, Hanna Rothenberg, Eeshan Khurana, Valerie Rome, Uzayr Wasif, Don D. Shamilov

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Schizophrenia is a complex mental illness with neurobiological underpinnings and misconceptions about violence. Schizophrenia is associated with high levels of creativity and structural traits like fewer D2 receptors. Patients face reduced life expectancy due to cardiovascular diseases and cope through smoking and sedentariness. Treatment involves pharmacological antipsychotics like olanzapine and nonpharmacological approaches. Olanzapine works by antagonizing D2 receptors but has side effects like weight gain and diabetes risk. fMRI is used to study treatment mechanisms and predict response, but research on olanzapine's brain network effects is limited.

Ultrasound Versus Radiography For Evaluating Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Sayed H. Aftab, Santiago Martinez-Correa, Minh-Huy Huynh, Wondwossen T. Lerebo, Jorge Delgado, Rebecca Denis, Misun Hwang

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Purpose:

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an abdominal inflammatory condition that is common in premature neonates. Although abdominal radiograph (AR) remains the imaging standard for NEC, it may miss up to 50% of early signs of NEC and has been described to have a sensitivity as low as 15.4% for detecting pneumoperitoneum. Abdominal ultrasound (US) is portable, non-invasive, and allows real-time bowel integrity, movement, and perfusion assessment. We aim to evaluate the concordance between US and AR in detecting NEC features and the diagnostic performance of both modalities in detecting pneumoperitoneum.

Methods and materials:

We conducted an IRB-approved retrospective, cross-sectional, single-center …

Sars-Cov-2 Viral Load In The Nasopharynx At Time Of First Infection Among Unvaccinated Individuals, Leigh H Fisher, Jia Jin Kee, Albert Liu, Claudia M Espinosa, April K Randhawa, James Ludwig, Craig A Magaret, Samuel T Robinson, Peter B Gilbert, Ollivier Hyrien, James G Kublin, Nadine Rouphael, Ann R Falsey, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, Hana M El Sahly, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Glenda E Gray, Karen L Kotloff, Cynthia L Gay, Brett Leav, Ian Hirsch, Frank Struyf, Lisa M Dunkle, Kathleen M Neuzil, Lawrence Corey, Yunda Huang, Paul A Goepfert, Stephen R Walsh, Lindsey R Baden, Holly Janes, Covid-19 Prevention Network (Covpn)

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: SARS-CoV-2 viral load (VL) in the nasopharynx is difficult to quantify and standardize across settings, but it may inform transmission potential and disease severity.

Objective: To characterize VL at COVID-19 diagnosis among previously uninfected and unvaccinated individuals by evaluating the association of demographic and clinical characteristics, viral variant, and trial with VL, as well as the ability of VL to predict severe disease.

Design, setting, and participants: This secondary cross-protocol analysis used individual-level data from placebo recipients from 4 harmonized, phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials sponsored by Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax. Participants were SARS-CoV-2 negative at baseline …