Radiology Commons^™

Promises And Risks Of Applying Ai Medical Imaging To Early Detection Of Cancers, And Regulation For Ai Medical Imaging, Yiyao Zhang

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Simulated Image Acquisition Time Reduction On Image Quality And Parameters Of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Using A Dedicated Cardiac Camera, Alireza Khatami

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Heart disease is the second leading cause of death in Canada, highlighting the crucial role of early diagnosis in disease management. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), is widely employed for this purpose, involves injecting a radiopharmaceutical into the body, imaging its distribution with a gamma camera, and revealing cardiac blood flow patterns. A significant challenge in MPI is the lengthy 8 to 10 minutes required for stress and rest imaging, potentially causing patient discomfort and compromising image quality due to movement. In a clinical study with 26 patients, post-processed data manipulation simulated a reduction in MPI imaging time. The findings indicated …

Harmonization Of Multi-Site Diffusion Tensor Imaging Data For Cervical And Thoracic Spinal Cord At 1.5 T And 3 T Using Longitudinal Combat, Devon M. Middleton, Yutong Li, Andrew Chen, Russell Shinohara, Joshua Fisher, Laura Krisa, Mark Elliot, Scott H. Faro, John H. Woo, Adam E. Flanders, Feroze B. Mohamed

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

MRI scanner hardware, field strengths, and sequence parameters are major variables in diffusion studies of the spinal cord. Reliability between scanners is not well known, particularly for the thoracic cord. DTI data was collected for the entire cervical and thoracic spinal cord in thirty healthy adult subjects with different MR vendors and field strengths. DTI metrics were extracted and averaged for all slices within each vertebral level. Metrics were examined for variability and then harmonized using longitudinal ComBat (longComBat). Four scanners were used: Siemens 3 T Prisma, Siemens 1.5 T Avanto, Philips 3 T Ingenia, Philips 1.5 T Achieva. Average …

Comparing Pleural Fluid Removal Volume And Oxygenation Change In Therapeutic Thoracentesis: Is There A Relationship?, Hannah Zazulak, Ryanne Burke, Andrea Bodine

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Background: During therapeutic thoracentesis (TT), pleural fluid is typically drained to completion. Fluid removal improves oxygenation, and the amount of fluid removed is directly associated with the risk of serious complications. A relationship between the amount of fluid removed during TT and the change in oxygenation has not been found in the literature. A direct relationship was hypothesized in this study. Differences in the change in oxygenation between sexes, age, and pre-procedure oxygen support were secondarily hypothesized. This information would assist in the guidance of future TT protocols.

Methods: Subjects of this retrospective cohort study were males and females aged …

Degree Of Uncertainty In Reporting Imaging Findings For Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Secondary Analysis From A Pilot Randomized Diagnostic Trial, Disa Rathore, Kira Bourrett, Sherwin S. Chan, Erin Opfer, Alain Cuna

Research Days

Background: Uncertainty in reporting of imaging findings for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) can be challenging for clinicians and result in ambiguity, miscommunication, and potential diagnostic errors. The degree to which uncertainty complicates diagnostic imaging for NEC has not been characterized.

Objective: To determine the degree of uncertainty in diagnostic imaging for NEC.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using data from a previously completed pilot diagnostic randomized clinical trial (RCT). The study population comprised of preterm infants with suspected NEC who were randomized to either standard imaging with abdominal radiographs (AXR) alone or experimental imaging with AXR + add-on bowel ultrasound …

Dislodged Endovascular Heat-Induced Thrombus Resulting In Pulmonary Embolus Following Post-Operative Ultrasound Compression, Danielle Park, Aghilas Belkadi, Luke Perry, Michael Kachmar, Holly Graves

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Introduction: Venous insufficiency and consequent varicose veins are common problems faced by many patients. Fortunately, there are many treatment options available including a minimally invasive method known as radiofrequency ablation (RFA). RFA is not without complications; amongst those are endovascular heat induced thrombosis (EHIT). This rare complication is typically managed conservatively; however, in rare occasions, the thrombus can detach and embolize causing further issues for patients.

Case Description: A 48-year-old male underwent an uneventful RFA procedure for a CEAP 4a venous insufficiency. On the post-operative ultrasound venous duplex evaluation, the patient was found to have EHIT type 2 in the …

Case Report: Use Of Bedside Handheld Ultrasound To Diagnose Finger Dislocation, Frank Wheeler, Philip Carhart, James Espinosa, Alan Lucerna, Henry Schuitema

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Here we present the case of a 37-year-old male with a finger injury in which finger dislocation was suspected clinically. A bedside pocket ultrasound was performed using a water submersion technique, which identified a posterior dislocated right 2nd digit at the PIP joint. This finding was confirmed with an x-ray. This case report demonstrates that ultrasonography can be utilized to correctly identify finger dislocation. Although larger studies need to be performed to validate the accuracy of this imaging technique, the implications may improve care of the patient. It would also be particularly beneficial for this technique to be applied to …

Opportunistic Retrospective Assessment Of Huac, Bone Density, Sft And Breast Density On Ct Images And Relationship With Severity Of Covid-19, Mahmut Subasi, Mustafa Duger, Cengiz Erol, Irmak Durur-Subasi

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Aim. To evaluate mean Hounsfield unit calculation (HUAC), bone density, subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), breast density (constitutional imaging biomarkers) and age in symptomatic patients with COVID-19, to assess their correlation with pneumonia severity. Materials and Methods. Between 11 March and 30 May 2020, 272 consecutive symptomatic female patients with COVID-19 who underwent chest CT imaging at baseline were reviewed. HUAC, bone density, SFT and breast density were evaluated retrospectively and statistically compared in cases with negative/positive PCR test results, with/without pneumonia and with mild/moderate-severe pneumonia. Univariate/multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied for estimation of moderate/severe pneumonia. Results. The parameters of …

Improving The Reliability And Accessibility Of Ct Perfusion Imaging In Acute Ischemic Stroke, Kevin J. Chung

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

CT perfusion (CTP) imaging is a validated treatment decision support tool in acute ischemic stroke. Automated analysis of CTP cerebral blood flow (CBF) and Tmax maps produces estimates of ischemic core and penumbra volumes used to determine target mismatch profiles for treatment. However, availability and utilization of CTP is low due to diagnostic variability between CTP software and technical, logistical, and radiation dose considerations that may limit its routine adoption. The objective of this doctoral research was to improve the reliability and accessibility of CTP by (1) improving diagnostic agreement between CTP software, (2) enabling perfusion imaging with standard acute …

Prediction Of Rapid Early Progression And Survival Risk With Pre-Radiation Mri In Who Grade 4 Glioma Patients, Walia Farzana, Mustafa M. Basree, Norou Diawara, Zeina Shboul, Sagel Dubey, Marie M. Lockheart, Mohamed Hamza, Joshua D. Palmer, Khan Iftekharuddin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Rapid early progression (REP) has been defined as increased nodular enhancement at the border of the resection cavity, the appearance of new lesions outside the resection cavity, or increased enhancement of the residual disease after surgery and before radiation. Patients with REP have worse survival compared to patients without REP (non-REP). Therefore, a reliable method for differentiating REP from non-REP is hypothesized to assist in personlized treatment planning. A potential approach is to use the radiomics and fractal texture features extracted from brain tumors to characterize morphological and physiological properties. We propose a random sampling-based ensemble classification model. The proposed …

Soft X-Ray And Susceptibility Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging To Map Iron Distribution In Apples: Initial Results To Model Iron Storage In Water-Deficient Or Dehydrated Biological Tissue, Subhendra N. Sarkar, Eric Lobel, Evans Lespinasse, Zoya Vinokur, Analia Basilicata, Sonia Orellana, Maria Orellana, Aaliyah Salmon, Joanna Syska, Aravis Mcbroom, Jian Wang, Anam Riaz, Jodi-Ann Douglas

Publications and Research

Radiology departments have contributed significantly to greenhouse gases including release of toxic imaging contrast media to environment. We feel Radiology also has several spectroscopy and imaging tools that may apply to monitor and support cleaner environmental goals. The current manuscript is one of the firsts to prompt Radiology to move in that direction by non invasive imaging of bio metals that are less abundant in biological tissues but play key roles as co-factors in tissue structure and function. Conventional analytical tools are mostly invasive and cannot characterize the native oxidation states of bio metals. We chose carbohydrate matrix of metal-rich …

Diagnostic Dilemma: Schwannoma Or Ganglion Cyst, Karthik Ks, Prakash M, Gurumurthy B, Sujanatheja Js, Pramod Bm, Punith N

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Schwannomas are rare, slow growing benign tumors of peripheral nerve sheath originating from Schwann cells surrounding the nerve associated with delayed presentation of pain and paresthesia. Their incidence being 5% of all upper extremity tumors. They may be a part of neurofibromatosis called schwannomatosis with multiple peripheral schwannomas. We present a case of solitary schwannomas from the peripheral nerves probably superficial branch of median nerve mistaken initially for ganglion cyst.

Giant Mesenchymal Hepatic Hamartomas With Adrenal Involvement Precipitating Respiratory Failure: A Myxomatous Mystery In A 3 Month Old, Ali Yasback, Abid Ulhaque, Tushar Chandra, Sandor Szilagyi

West Florida Division Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Standard Deviations Of Mr Signal Intensities Show A Consistent Trend During Imaging Follow-Ups For Glioblastoma Patients When Corrected For Non-Biological Heterogeneity Due To Hardware And Software Variation, Subhendra N. Sarkar, Rafael Rojas, Evans Lespinasse, Xiangfu Zhang, Ruth Zeron

Publications and Research

Introduction

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a poor prognosis in spite of advanced MRI guided treatments today. Routine MRI using conventional T₁ or advanced permeability based MRI of GBM often does not adequately represent changing tumor phases or overall survival. In this work, region of interest (ROI) based tissue MR standard deviation (SD) is demonstrated as an important MRI variable that could be a potential biomarker of GBM heterogeneity and radioresistance.

Materials and methods

MRI characterization is often qualitative and lacks reproducibility. Using standardized MRI phantoms we have normalized retrospective records of 12 radioresistant GBM patients that underwent radiation therapy …

Designing Of X-Ray Beams To Assess Mineral Loss In Dehydrated Fruits – Radiology Readiness During Climate Change, Angela Moore, Katie Tam

Publications and Research

Key minerals such as iron, manganese and copper are necessary for optimal health and vitality of human beings. These minerals are within the biomolecules of food, particularly in fruits and are not detectable without destroying their natural biochemical roles. A compilation was done on average mineral compositions for multiple apple varieties from USDA and academic horticulture research labs to design the x-ray beams in the low energy ranges in our mammography system that provide “soft” x-rays for imaging light-weight atoms. In this project homemade external filters like Aluminum sheets, Iodine and Gadolinium contrast media were developed to modify low energy …

Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors In A Patient With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Su-Yuan Yu Bs, Kelly Freed Md

Department of Radiology & Diagnostic Medical Imaging

No abstract provided.

Evaluation And Clinical Implementation Of A Dual-Energy Ct Stopping-Power Ratio Mapping Technique For Proton-Therapy Treatment Planning, Maria Jose Medrano Matamoros

McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Proton radiotherapy has the potential to treat tumors with better conformal dose distribution than competing modalities when the rapid dose falloff at the end of the proton-beam range is correctly aligned to the edge of the clinical target volume (CTV). However, its clinical potential is dependent on the accurate localization of the Bragg-peak position from predicted stopping-power ratio maps. The method that is most commonly used in today’s clinical practice for predicting stopping-power ratio (SPR) consists of a stoichiometric calibrationtechnique based on single-energy CT (SECT) for direct estimation of patient-specific SPR distribution from vendor-reconstructed Hounsfield Unit (HU) images. Unfortunately, this …

Development Of Advanced Mr-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy Methods For Head & Neck Cancers On The 1.5t Mr-Linac, Brigid Mcdonald

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

The 1.5T hybrid MRI/linear accelerator (MR-linac) has recently been introduced into clinical practice and used for the treatment of head and neck cancers (HNC). This device enables on-line adaptive radiation therapy (ART) based on anatomical changes throughout treatment and variations in patient position. This novel technology also has the potential for advanced ART strategies such as dose-optimized ART, in which the treatment plan is optimized based on the accumulated dose over previous fractions, or biological image-guided ART, in which the plan is adapted based on individual tumor response as measured through quantitative imaging techniques such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The …

Imaging Of Transmetallation And Chelation Phenomena Involving Radiological Contrast Agents In Mineral-Rich Fruits, Subhendra Sarkar, Zoya Vinokur, Bleidis Buitrago, Lin Mousa, Hayley Sanchez, Analia Basilicata, Jodi-Ann Douglas, Seanetta Reddock

Publications and Research

Exogenous heavy metals or non-metallic waste products, for example lanthanide or iodinated contrast media for radiological procedures, may interfere with the biochemical pools in patients and in common food sources, creating an excess buildup of exogenous compounds which may reach toxic levels. Although the mechanisms are unknown, our experiments were designed to test if this toxicity can be attributed to “transmetallation” or “chelation” reactions freeing up lanthanides or chelated transition metals in acidic fruits used as phantoms representing the biologically active and mineral-rich carbohydrate matrix. The rapid breakdown of stable contrast agents have been reported at a lower pH. The …

Modeling Of Patient-Specific Periaortic Mechanics And Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics Based On Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences., Johane H. Bracamonte

Theses and Dissertations

Inverse modeling in cardiovascular medicine is a collection of methodologies that can provide non-invasive patient-specific estimations of clinical risk factors using medical imaging as inputs. Its incorporation into clinical practice has the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment planning with low associated risks and costs.

Herein, three different phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities were implemented as input data, displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE MRI) applied, and time-resolved velocity encoding phase-contrast MRI, in 1D and 3D, applied to pulmonary artery (PA) hemodynamics.

A model to account for the effect of periaortic interactions due to static and dynamic structures …

From Mathematics To Medicine: A Practical Primer On Topological Data Analysis (Tda) And The Development Of Related Analytic Tools For The Functional Discovery Of Latent Structure In Fmri Data, Andrew Salch, Adam Regalski, Hassan Abdallah, Raviteja Suryadevara, Michael J. Catanzaro, Vaibhav A. Diwadkar

Mathematics Faculty Research Publications

fMRI is the preeminent method for collecting signals from the human brain in vivo, for using these signals in the service of functional discovery, and relating these discoveries to anatomical structure. Numerous computational and mathematical techniques have been deployed to extract information from the fMRI signal. Yet, the application of Topological Data Analyses (TDA) remain limited to certain sub-areas such as connectomics (that is, with summarized versions of fMRI data). While connectomics is a natural and important area of application of TDA, applications of TDA in the service of extracting structure from the (non-summarized) fMRI data itself are heretofore nonexistent. …

Incidental Finding Of Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Of The Left Upper Lobe, A Rare Anatomical Variation, Anika Dutta, Loren Zuiderveld

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a rare congenital abnormality in which 1 to 3 of the pulmonary veins connect to the right atrium rather than the left atrium. In this synthesis of the literature on PAPVR of the left upper lobe, we attempt to illustrate this clinical entity using a case detected incidentally on chest computed tomography, explain the anatomical aspects of this anomaly, and summarize the reported incidence and etiology of left-sided PAPVR. Lastly, differential diagnoses, clinical relevance, and management of left-sided PAPVR are presented. The identification of this variant is important, as it may have serious …

The Application Of Point-Of-Care Ultrasound In Ed Intubations And Airway Access: A Systematic Review, Frank Wheeler, James Espinosa, Alan Lucerna, Jeffrey Gardecki

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Intubation is an essential procedure performed on a routine basis in the emergency room. Unsuccessful intubations are associated with deleterious outcomes. A systematic review was performed to investigate the accuracy of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) in successful Endotracheal Tube (ET) tube confirmation, utilizing ultrasonography, identification of the cricothyroid membrane utilizing ultrasound, and dynamically during use of ultrasonography in the process of intubation. This review demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for ultrasound confirmation of ET tube placement, high success rate in ultrasound-guided intubation, and lower than expected accuracy in identifying the cricothyroid membrane. Ultrasonography should be considered for ET tube …

Guided Imagery And Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Pain, Brandy Alicia Kirk

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

The standard of care in the treatment for women diagnosed with breast cancer includes identification and biopsy of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) of the breast (Chaterjee et al., 2017; Kneece, 2017). The process of identifying the SLNs involves radioisotope injections into or near the areola. Because this area is highly sensitive, women report this procedure to be considerably painful. The purpose of this evidence-based practice (EBP) project was to determine if the provision of a 5-minute session of guided imagery (GI), as a complementary alternative medicine, prior to SLN injections was effective in mitigating reports of procedural pain. A …

Imaging Based Prediction Of Pathology In Adult Diffuse Glioma With Applications To Therapy And Prognosis, Evan Gates

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

The overall aggressiveness of a glioma is measured by histologic and molecular analysis of tissue samples. However, the well-known spatial heterogeneity in gliomas limits the ability for clinicians to use that information to make spatially specific treatment decisions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualizes and assesses the tumor. But, the exact degree to which MRI correlates with the actual underlying tissue characteristics is not known.

In this work, we derive quantitative relationships between imaging and underlying pathology. These relations increase the value of MRI by allowing it to be a better surrogate for underlying pathology and they allow evaluation of the …

Investigating Diffusion Tensor Imaging Correlates Of Cognitive Impairment In Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus And Alzheimer's Disease, Omar Hasan, Omar Hasan

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Modest expansion of the human brain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled ventricles is normal with aging, and because of this, it can be difficult for physicians to accurately diagnose and treat enlarged ventricles (ventriculomegaly), called hydrocephalus¹ (fluid or water in the brain) Ventriculomegaly occurs due to an obstruction (such as a blood clot or tumor), or a change in CSF absorption². Primary hydrocephalus, also called idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), is non-obstructive and may be comorbid with other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Clinically, it can be difficult to tell whether the pathophysiological …

C25: The “Spot Sign”: A Predictor Of Hematoma Expansion, Mckenzie Merritt

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery To The Brainstem, Dezhuang Ye

McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Brainstem gliomas are tumors that occur in the brainstem, the brain region that connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls vital body functions. The critical anatomic location of the brainstem precludes surgical intervention and limits the use of invasive therapeutic techniques. Moreover, the frequently intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) of most brainstem gliomas prevents therapeutic agents from reaching the diseased site. The currently available techniques for brain drug delivery are either invasive (e.g., convection-enhanced delivery) or lack targeting to the diseased site (e.g., intranasal brain drug delivery). Novel techniques that can noninvasively overcome the BBB are critically needed for …

Mri-Guided Breast Biopsy, Makayla Franko

Medical Imaging Senior Posters

This project explains the role MRI has in performing breast biopsies. MR imaging is used along with mammogram and ultrasound to detect and monitor lesions. Traditional imaging of the breast is explained to understand how images of the breast are obtained. The grade of the lesion and how the lesion is found indicates the type of biopsy performed. MRI provides superior visibility for lesions within the breast. MRI-guided breast biopsies are indicated in patients with lesions only visible on MRI. The equipment required for an MRI-guided breast biopsy includes the breast coil, grid, and vacuum-assisted breast biopsy apparatus. Experienced breast …

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (Tavr), Emily Wentzel

Student Research Poster Presentations 2021

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

Emily Wentzel

Lynn Blazaskie

Abstract

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, or TAVR, is a procedure that is performed when a patient is in need of a new aortic valve. This is a procedure done to relieve symptoms of aortic stenosis. TAVR first began in France in 2002 and came to the United States in 2005. Cardiac Catheterization is the modality that is utilized in order to perform this procedure along with a cardiac catheterization team. The team includes cardiac catheterization technologists, doctors, nurses, cardiovascular surgeons, and ultrasound technologists. Cardiac Catheterization is a minor surgical procedure that …