Medical Microbiology Commons^™

Regulatory Elements In Sem1-Dlx5-Dlx6 (7q213) Locus Contribute To Genetic Control Of Coronal Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis And Bone Density-Related Traits, Paola Nicoletti, Samreen Zafer, Lital Matok, Inbar Irron, Meidva Patrick, Rotem Haklai, John Erol Evangelista, Giacomo B Marino, Avi Ma'ayan, Anshuman Sewda, Greg Holmes, Sierra R Britton, Won Jun Lee, Meng Wu, Ying Ru, Eric Arnaud, Lorenzo Botto, Lawrence C Brody, Jo C Byren, Michele Caggana, Suzan L Carmichael, Deirdre Cilliers, Kristin Conway, Karen Crawford, Araceli Cuellar, Federico Di Rocco, Michael Engel, Jeffrey Fearon, Marcia L Feldkamp, Richard Finnell, Sarah Fisher, Christian Freudlsperger, Gemma Garcia-Fructuoso, Rhinda Hagge, Yann Heuzé, Raymond J Harshbarger, Charlotte Hobbs, Meredith Howley, Mary M Jenkins, David Johnson, Cristina M Justice, Alex Kane, Denise Kay, Arun Kumar Gosain, Peter Langlois, Laurence Legal-Mallet, Angela E Lin, James L Mills, Jenny E V Morton, Peter Noons, Andrew Olshan, John Persing, Julie M Phipps, Richard Redett, Jennita Reefhuis, Elias Rizk, Thomas D Samson, Gary M Shaw, Robert Sicko, Nataliya Smith, David Staffenberg, Joan Stoler, Elizabeth Sweeney, Peter J Taub, Andrew T Timberlake, Jolanta Topczewska, Steven A Wall, Alexander F Wilson, Louise C Wilson, Simeon A Boyadjiev, Andrew O M Wilkie, Joan T Richtsmeier, Ethylin Wang Jabs, Paul A Romitti, David Karasik, Ramon Y Birnbaum, Inga Peter

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: The etiopathogenesis of coronal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (cNCS), a congenital condition defined by premature fusion of 1 or both coronal sutures, remains largely unknown.

METHODS: We conducted the largest genome-wide association study of cNCS followed by replication, fine mapping, and functional validation of the most significant region using zebrafish animal model.

RESULTS: Genome-wide association study identified 6 independent genome-wide-significant risk alleles, 4 on chromosome 7q21.3 SEM1-DLX5-DLX6 locus, and their combination conferred over 7-fold increased risk of cNCS. The top variants were replicated in an independent cohort and showed pleiotropic effects on brain and facial morphology and bone mineral density. Fine …

Insights Into The Assembly And Regulation Of The Bacterial Divisome, Todd A Cameron, William Margolin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The ability to split one cell into two is fundamental to all life, and many bacteria can accomplish this feat several times per hour with high accuracy. Most bacteria call on an ancient homologue of tubulin, called FtsZ, to localize and organize the cell division machinery, the divisome, into a ring-like structure at the cell midpoint. The divisome includes numerous other proteins, often including an actin homologue (FtsA), that interact with each other at the cytoplasmic membrane. Once assembled, the protein complexes that comprise the dynamic divisome coordinate membrane constriction with synthesis of a division septum, but only after overcoming …

Triobp Modulates Β-Catenin Signaling By Regulation Of Mir-29b In Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Lan Wang, Wenyu Zhao, Cong Xia, Shuaichen Ma, Zhongzheng Li, Ningdan Wang, Linke Ding, Yaxuan Wang, Lianhui Cheng, Huibing Liu, Juntang Yang, Yajun Li, Ivan Rosas, Guoying Yu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal and devastating lung disease of unknown etiology, described as the result of multiple cycles of epithelial cell injury and fibroblast activation. Despite this impressive increase in understanding, a therapy that reverses this form of fibrosis remains elusive. In our previous study, we found that miR-29b has a therapeutic effect on pulmonary fibrosis. However, its anti-fibrotic mechanism is not yet clear. Recently, our study identified that F-Actin Binding Protein (TRIOBP) is one of the target genes of miR-29b and found that deficiency of TRIOBP increases resistance to lung fibrosis in vivo. TRIOBP knockdown inhibited …

Genital Tract Infections, The Vaginal Microbiome And Gestational Age At Birth Among Pregnant Women In South Africa: A Cohort Study Protocol, Ranjana M.S. Gigi, Mandisa M. Mdingi, Hyunsul Jung, Shantelle Claassen-Weitz, Lukas Bütikofer, Jeffrey D. Klausner, Christina A. Muzny, Christopher M. Taylor, Janneke H.H.M. Van De Wijgert, Remco P.H. Peters, Nicola Low

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction Preterm birth complications are the most common cause of death in children under 5 years. The presence of multiple microorganisms and genital tract inflammation could be the common mechanism driving early onset of labour. South Africa has high levels of preterm birth, genital tract infections and HIV infection among pregnant women. We plan to investigate associations between the presence of multiple lower genital tract microorganisms in pregnancy and gestational age at birth. Methods and analysis This cohort study enrols around 600 pregnant women at one public healthcare facility in East London, South Africa. Eligible women are ≥18 years and …

Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Provide An Alternative Pathway For Trafficking Of Escherichia Coli O157 Type Iii Secreted Effectors To Epithelial Cells, Natalie Sirisaengtaksin, Eloise J O'Donoghue, Sara Jabbari, Andrew J Roe, Anne Marie Krachler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are proteoliposomes shed by Gram-negative bacteria. Their secretion is enhanced by the transition into the intra-host milieu, and OMVs play critical roles during pathogenesis. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 (EHEC) can cause diarrheal disease in humans, and soluble toxins including Shiga-like toxins that contribute to disease severity and clinical complications like hemolytic uremic syndrome have been shown to be OMV associated. In addition to Shiga-like toxins, EHEC produces a type III secretion system (T3SS), and T3SS effectors are associated with colonization and disease severity in vivo. Here, we show that type III secreted substrates including translocators …

Colonization Of Larval Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) With Adherent-Invasive Escherichia Coli Prevents Recovery Of The Intestinal Mucosa From Drug-Induced Enterocolitis, Erika Flores, Soumita Dutta, Rachel Bosserman, Ambro Van Hoof, Anne-Marie Krachler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Although inflammatory bowel diseases are on the rise, what factors influence IBD risk and severity, and the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Although host genetics, microbiome, and environmental factors have all been shown to correlate with the development of IBD, cause and effect are difficult to disentangle in this context. For example, AIEC is a known pathobiont found in IBD patients, but it remains unclear if gut inflammation during IBD facilitates colonization with AIEC, or if AIEC colonization makes the host more susceptible to pro-inflammatory stimuli. It is critical to understand the mechanisms that contribute to AIEC infections …

The Potential For Development Of Clinically Relevant Microbial Resistance To Rifaximin-Α: A Narrative Review, Herbert L Dupont

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Rifaximin-α is a gut-targeted antibiotic indicated for numerous gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Its multifaceted mechanism of action goes beyond direct antimicrobial effects, including alterations in bacterial virulence, cytoprotective effects on host epithelial cells, improvement of impaired intestinal permeability, and reduction of proinflammatory cytokine expression via activation of the pregnane X receptor. Rifaximin-α is virtually non-absorbed, with low systemic drug levels contributing to its excellent safety profile. While there are high concentrations of drug in the colon, low water solubility leads to low colonic drug bioavailability, protecting the gut microbiome. Rifaximin-α appears to be more active in the bile-rich small bowel. …

Interlaboratory Comparison Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Phage Susceptibility Testing, Krupa Parmar, Lauren Komarow, Damon W Ellison, Andrey A Filippov, Mikeljon P Nikolich, Joseph R Fackler, Martin Lee, Anjna Nair, Priyesh Agrawal, Pranita D Tamma, Maria Souli, Scott R Evans, Kerryl E Greenwood-Quaintance, Scott A Cunningham, Robin Patel, Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Standardized approaches to phage susceptibility testing (PST) are essential to inform selection of phages for study in patients with bacterial infections. There is no reference standard for assessing bacterial susceptibility to phage. We compared agreement between PST performed at three centers: two centers using a liquid assay standardized between the sites with the third, a plaque assay. Four Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages: PaWRA01ø11 (EPa11), PaWRA01ø39 (EPa39), PaWRA02ø83 (EPa83), PaWRA02ø87 (EPa87), and a cocktail of all four phages were tested against 145 P. aeruginosa isolates. Comparisons were made within measurements at the two sites performing the liquid assay and between these …

Recombination-Mediated Dissemination Of Methicillin-Resistant S Aureus Clonal Complex 1 In The Egyptian Health Care Settings, Salma W Elsayed, Reem A Elghaish, Eman Badr, Shaimaa F Mouftah, Nehal A Saif, Iman S Naga, Ahmed H Shata, Ben Pascoe, Samuel K Sheppard, Mohamed Elhadidy

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a rapidly evolving pathogen that is frequently associated with outbreaks and sustained epidemics. This study investigated the population structure, resistome, virulome, and the correlation between antimicrobial resistance determinants with phenotypic resistance profiles of 36 representative hospital-acquired MRSA isolates recovered from hospital settings in Egypt.

Results: The community-acquired MRSA lineage, clonal complex 1 (CC1) was the most frequently detected clone, followed by three other globally disseminated clones, CC121, CC8, and CC22. Most isolates carried SCCmec type V and more than half of isolates demonstrated multi-drug resistant phenotypes. Resistance to linezolid, a last resort antibiotic for …

Illuminating Type Iv Secretion-Mediated Dna Trafficking Through Long Filaments, Peter J Christie

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Quantifying Non-Muscle Myosin 2 Filament Dynamics, Melissa Ann Quintanilla

Dissertations

Non-muscle myosin 2 is a motor protein that, when assembled into filaments, works on the actin cytoskeleton to produce contractile forces within cells. This type of myosin dynamically assembles within cells to exert forces necessary for a wide variety of functions including cell division, migration, and multicellular movement. The ability to dynamically assemble contractile networks, and the ability to control the assembly and placement of these myosin filaments in both space and time, is therefore required throughout cell physiology. We used a suite of dynamic, quantitative imaging approaches to identify deterministic factors that drive myosin filament appearance and amplification as …

Development And Validation Of A Multiplex Real-Time Pcr Assay For Detection And Quantification Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae In Pediatric Respiratory Samples, Molly Butler, Garrett Breazeale, Eric Mwangi, Elaine Dowell, Samuel R Dominguez, Linda Lamberth, Kristina G Hultén, Sarah A Jung

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a bacterial pathogen that causes a range of disease manifestations in children, from acute otitis media to pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis. Primary Spn laboratory diagnostic identification methods include culture, antigen testing, single-plex real-time PCR, and syndromic PCR panels. However, each method lacks sensitivity, specificity, and/or cost efficiency. We developed and validated a quantitative, multiplex PCR assay using three Spn genomic targets (lytA, piaB, and SP2020) for improved sensitivity and specificity to detect Spn in pleural fluid (PF), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), tracheal aspirate (TA), and upper respiratory (UR, research only) samples. Validation testing …

Association Of Chlamydia Trachomatis Burden With The Vaginal Microbiota, Bacterial Vaginosis, And Metronidazole Treatment, Caleb M. Ardizzone, Christopher M. Taylor, Evelyn Toh, Rebecca A. Lillis, Jacob H. Elnaggar, John W. Lammons, Patricia Dehon Mott, Emily L. Duffy, Li Shen, Alison J. Quayle

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, is a common coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), and BV-associated bacteria (BVAB) and their products have been implicated in aiding Ct evade natural immunity. Here, we determined if a non-optimal vaginal microbiota was associated with a higher genital Ct burden and if metronidazole, a standard treatment for BV, would reduce Ct burden or aid in natural clearance of Ct infection. Cervicovaginal samples were collected from women at enrollment and, if testing positive for Ct infection, at a follow-up visit approximately one week later. Cervical Ct burden was assessed by inclusion forming …

Benzodioxane-Benzamides As Ftsz Inhibitors: Effects Of Linker's Functionalization On Gram-Positive Antimicrobial Activity, Lorenzo Suigo, William Margolin, Eugenia Ulzurrun, Martina Hrast Rambaher, Carlo Zanotto, Victor Sebastián-Pérez, Nuria E Campillo, Valentina Straniero, Ermanno Valoti

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

FtsZ is an essential bacterial protein abundantly studied as a novel and promising target for antimicrobials. FtsZ is highly conserved among bacteria and mycobacteria, and it is crucial for the correct outcome of the cell division process, as it is responsible for the division of the parent bacterial cell into two daughter cells. In recent years, the benzodioxane-benzamide class has emerged as very promising and capable of targeting both Gram-positive and Gram-negative FtsZs. In this study, we explored the effect of including a substituent on the ethylenic linker between the two main moieties on the antimicrobial activity and pharmacokinetic properties. …

Sutterella And Its Metabolic Pathways Positively Correlate With Vaccine-Elicited Antibody Responses In Infant Rhesus Macaques, Danting Jiang, Ria Goswami, Maria Dennis, Holly Heimsath, Pamela A. Kozlowski, Amir Ardeshir, Koen K.A. Van Rompay, Kristina De Paris, Sallie R. Permar, Neeraj K. Surana

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Introduction: It is becoming clearer that the microbiota helps drive responses to vaccines; however, little is known about the underlying mechanism. In this study, we aimed to identify microbial features that are associated with vaccine immunogenicity in infant rhesus macaques. Methods: We analyzed 16S rRNA gene sequencing data of 215 fecal samples collected at multiple timepoints from 64 nursery-reared infant macaques that received various HIV vaccine regimens. PERMANOVA tests were performed to determine factors affecting composition of the gut microbiota throughout the first eight months of life in these monkeys. We used DESeq2 to identify differentially abundant bacterial taxa, PICRUSt2 …

An Efficacy And Safety Evaluation Of Montelukast + Fluticasone Propionate Vs Fluticasone Propionate In The Treatment Of Cough Variant Asthma In Children: A Meta-Analysis, Zhengbo Wei, Sheng Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of montelukast (Mon) + fluticasone propionate (Flu) versus Flu in the treatment of cough variant asthma (CVA) in children.

METHODS: Eligible documents were selected from various databases. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate continuous variables, and categorical variables were evaluated using risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI. Heterogeneity analysis was performed using Cochran's Q test and I

RESULTS: Nine studies were included, and Flu + Mon was found to significantly improve the total effective rate and reduce cough recurrence compared to Flu. The …

Investigating The Microbiome Of The Eye And The Potential Of Probiotic Use In Optometry, Rachel Hartgerink

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

While the eye was once considered free of resident bacteria due to its efficient immunity mechanisms, recent studies have determined that most healthy eyes contain a variety of microbiota. Many studies have been aimed at classifying bacteria that are part of the core microbiome of the eye and the conditions under which they differ. As with gut health, a dysbiosis of ocular bacteria could correlate to disease, which presents the idea of treatment with probiotics to help regulate the microbiota of the eye. This study utilized growth assays to determine a common probiotic’s effect on bacteria that can be found …

Cbx4 Promotes Antitumor Immunity By Suppressing Pdcd1 Expression In T Cells, Liwei Ren, Ziyin Li, Yu Zhou, Jun Zhang, Ziheng Zhao, Zhaofei Wu, Ye Zhao, Yurong Ju, Xuewen Pang, Xiuyuan Sun, Wei Wang, Yu Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

E3 SUMO-protein ligase CBX4 (CBX4), a key component of polycomb-repressive complexes 1 (PRC1), has been reported to regulate a variety of genes implicated in tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, its role in T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity remains elusive. To shed light on this issue, we generated mice with T-cell-specific deletion of Cbx4. Tumor growth was increased in the knockout mice. Additionally, their tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes exhibited impaired tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production, with an elevated programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) level. In fact, dysregulated Pdcd1 expression was observed in all major subsets of peripheral T cells from …

Gene Transcription Regulation By Er At The Single Cell And Allele Level, Fabio Stossi, Alejandra Rivera Tostado, Hannah L Johnson, Ragini M Mistry, Maureen G Mancini, Michael A Mancini

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In this short review we discuss the current view of how the estrogen receptor (ER), a pivotal member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, regulates gene transcription at the single cell and allele level, focusing on in vitro cell line models. We discuss central topics and new trends in molecular biology including phenotypic heterogeneity, single cell sequencing, nuclear phase separated condensates, single cell imaging, and image analysis methods, with particular focus on the methodologies and results that have been reported in the last few years using microscopy-based techniques. These observations augment the results from biochemical assays that lead …

The Brd4-Nut Fusion Alone Drives Malignant Transformation Of Nut Carcinoma, R Taylor Durall, Julianna Huang, Luke Wojenski, Yeying Huang, Prafulla C Gokhale, Brittaney A Leeper, Joshua O Nash, Pedro L Ballester, Scott Davidson, Adam Shlien, Emmanuel Sotirakis, Fabien Bertaux, Vincent Dubus, Jia Luo, Catherine J Wu, Derin B Keskin, Kyle P Eagen, Geoffrey I Shapiro, Christopher A French

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

NUT carcinoma (NC) is an aggressive squamous carcinoma defined by the BRD4-NUT fusion oncoprotein. Routinely effective systemic treatments are unavailable for most NC patients. The lack of an adequate animal model precludes identifying and leveraging cell-extrinsic factors therapeutically in NC. Here, we created a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of NC that forms a Brd4::NUTM1 fusion gene upon tamoxifen induction of Sox2-driven Cre. The model displayed complete disease penetrance, with tumors arising from the squamous epithelium weeks after induction and all mice succumbing to the disease shortly thereafter. Closely resembling human NC (hNC), GEMM tumors (mNC) were poorly differentiated squamous …

Microbial Stimulation Of Oxytocin Release From The Intestinal Epithelium Via Secretin Signaling, Heather A Danhof, Jihwan Lee, Aanchal Thapa, Robert A Britton, Sara C Di Rienzi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Intestinal microbes impact the health of the intestine and organs distal to the gut. Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a human intestinal microbe that promotes normal gut transit, the anti-inflammatory immune system, wound healing, normal social behavior in mice, and prevents bone reabsorption. Oxytocin impacts these functions and oxytocin signaling is required for L. reuteri-mediated wound healing and social behavior; however, the events in the gut leading to oxytocin stimulation and beneficial effects are unknown. Here we report evolutionarily conserved oxytocin production in the intestinal epithelium through analysis of single-cell RNA-Seq datasets and imaging of human and mouse intestinal tissues. Moreover, …

Improving Radiotherapy In Immunosuppressive Microenvironments By Targeting Complement Receptor C5ar1, Callum Beach, David Maclean, Dominika Majorova, Stavros Melemenidis, Dhanya K Nambiar, Ryan K Kim, Gabriel N Valbuena, Silvia Guglietta, Carsten Krieg, Mahnaz Darvish-Damavandi, Tatsuya Suwa, Alistair Easton, Lily Vs Hillson, Ashley K Mcculloch, Ross K Mcmahon, Kathryn Pennel, Joanne Edwards, Sean M O'Cathail, Campbell S Roxburgh, Enric Domingo, Eui Jung Moon, Dadi Jiang, Yanyan Jiang, Qingyang Zhang, Albert C Koong, Trent M Woodruff, Edward E Graves, Tim Maughan, Simon Ja Buczacki, Manuel Stucki, Quynh-Thu Le, Simon J Leedham, Amato J Giaccia, Monica M Olcina

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

An immunosuppressive microenvironment causes poor tumor T cell infiltration and is associated with reduced patient overall survival in colorectal cancer. How to improve treatment responses in these tumors is still a challenge. Using an integrated screening approach to identify cancer-specific vulnerabilities, we identified complement receptor C5aR1 as a druggable target, which when inhibited improved radiotherapy, even in tumors displaying immunosuppressive features and poor CD8+ T cell infiltration. While C5aR1 is well-known for its role in the immune compartment, we found that C5aR1 is also robustly expressed on malignant epithelial cells, highlighting potential tumor cell-specific functions. C5aR1 targeting resulted in increased …

Investigating The Role Of Maternal Adiposity On Human Breast Milk And Preterm Infant Stool Short Chain Fatty Acid And Microbiome Profiles, Kristy L. Thomas

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Preterm birth is the number one cause of death in neonates, accounting for 35% of neonatal mortality. The preterm birth rate in the U.S. in 2021 was 10.5%, disproportionally affected by race and ethnicity. Obese women have an increased risk of preterm pregnancy, and if delivered before 37 weeks of gestation, the offspring have higher rates of complications that extend from the neonatal period into life-long metabolic and immune adverse outcomes. In the early months after delivery, preterm infants have higher rates of adverse health outcomes than term infants, including infections, extrauterine growth restrictions, respiratory, metabolic, and neurological complications, necrotizing …

Rcc2 Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation And Migration Through Hh/Gli1 Signaling Pathway And Cancer Stem-Like Cells, Shenghan Wang, Zhentao Lei, Wei Liu, Jie Xiong, Yuqiang Shi, Lin Yang, Qiang Gao, Kai Le, Bao Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Regulator of chromosome condensation 2 (RCC2) was a telophase disk-binding protein on mitosis, and functions as an oncogene in many human cancers. However, its role on prostate cancer (PCa) was unknown. The goal of this study is to explore the function of RCC 2 on PCa development.

METHODS: The expression of RCC2 and its methylation level, its correlation with lymph node metastasis or disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed using TCGA database. The effect of RCC2 on PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion were detected using CCK-8, cell colony formation, Transwell and wood healing assays. RNA-seq and GSEA analysis were …

Distinct Transcriptomic Profiles In Children Prior To The Appearance Of Type 1 Diabetes-Linked Islet Autoantibodies And Following Enterovirus Infection, Jake Lin, Elaheh Moradi, Karoliina Salenius, Suvi Lehtipuro, Tomi Häkkinen, Jutta E Laiho, Sami Oikarinen, Sofia Randelin, Hemang M Parikh, Jeffrey P Krischer, Jorma Toppari, Åke Lernmark, Joseph F Petrosino, Nadim J Ajami, Jin-Xiong She, William A Hagopian, Marian J Rewers, Richard E Lloyd, Kirsi J Rautajoki, Heikki Hyöty, Matti Nykter, Teddy Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Although the genetic basis and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes have been studied extensively, how host responses to environmental factors might contribute to autoantibody development remains largely unknown. Here, we use longitudinal blood transcriptome sequencing data to characterize host responses in children within 12 months prior to the appearance of type 1 diabetes-linked islet autoantibodies, as well as matched control children. We report that children who present with insulin-specific autoantibodies first have distinct transcriptional profiles from those who develop GADA autoantibodies first. In particular, gene dosage-driven expression of GSTM1 is associated with GADA autoantibody positivity. Moreover, compared with controls, we …

The Implications Of Ferroptosis In Antibiotic Resistance, Marysol Hohl

Senior Honors Theses

Bacterial infections in the United States are becoming increasingly resistant to existing antibiotic treatments. Due to projected increases in resistance and the recent decrease in novel antibacterials, experts have determined that the United States is in the “post-antibiotic era.” The scientific community has failed to resolve resistance despite the continual discovery of new antibiotic compounds. In the past decade, a novel form of cell death called ferroptosis has been implicated in antibiotic treatment by employing the use of nanotechnology. This literature review will describe the problem of bacterial resistance and demonstrate how current research is pioneering a new age of …

A Conceptual Framework For Nomenclatural Stability And Validity Of Medically Important Fungi: A Proposed Global Consensus Guideline For Fungal Name Changes Supported By Abp, Asm, Clsi, Ecmm, Escmid-Efisg, Eucast-Afst, Fdlc, Idsa, Isham, Mmsa, And Msgerc, Sybren De Hoog, Thomas J Walsh, Sarah A Ahmed, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Barbara D Alexander, Maiken Cavling Arendrup, Esther Babady, Feng-Yan Bai, Joan-Miquel Balada-Llasat, Andrew Borman, Anuradha Chowdhary, Andrew Clark, Robert C Colgrove, Oliver A Cornely, Tanis C Dingle, Philippe J Dufresne, Jeff Fuller, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Connie Gibas, Heather Glasgow, Yvonne Gräser, Jacques Guillot, Andreas H Groll, Gerhard Haase, Kimberly Hanson, Amanda Harrington, David L Hawksworth, Randall T Hayden, Martin Hoenigl, Vit Hubka, Kristie Johnson, Julianne V Kus, Ruoyu Li, Jacques F Meis, Michaela Lackner, Fanny Lanternier, Sixto M Leal, Francesca Lee, Shawn R Lockhart, Paul Luethy, Isabella Martin, Kyung J Kwon-Chung, Wieland Meyer, M Hong Nguyen, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Elizabeth Palavecino, Preeti Pancholi, Peter G Pappas, Gary W Procop, Scott A Redhead, Daniel D Rhoads, Stefan Riedel, Bryan Stevens, Kaede Ota Sullivan, Paschalis Vergidis, Emmanuel Roilides, Amir Seyedmousavi, Lili Tao, Vania A Vicente, Roxana G Vitale, Qi-Ming Wang, Nancy L Wengenack, Lars Westblade, Nathan Wiederhold, Lewis White, Christina M Wojewoda, Sean X Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The rapid pace of name changes of medically important fungi is creating challenges for clinical laboratories and clinicians involved in patient care. We describe two sources of name change which have different drivers, at the species versus the genus level. Some suggestions are made here to reduce the number of name changes. We urge taxonomists to provide diagnostic markers of taxonomic novelties. Given the instability of phylogenetic trees due to variable taxon sampling, we advocate to maintain genera at the largest possible size. Reporting of identified species in complexes or series should where possible comprise both the name of the …

Vaginal Microbial Dynamics And Pathogen Colonization In A Humanized Microbiota Mouse Model, Marlyd E Mejia, Vicki Mercado-Evans, Jacob J Zulk, Samantha Ottinger, Korinna Ruiz, Mallory B Ballard, Stephanie W Fowler, Robert A Britton, Kathryn A Patras

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Vaginal microbial composition is associated with differential risk of urogenital infection. Although Lactobacillus spp. are thought to confer protection against infection, the lack of in vivo models resembling the human vaginal microbiota remains a prominent barrier to mechanistic discovery. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of C57BL/6J female mice, we found that vaginal microbial composition varies within and between colonies across three vivaria. Noting vaginal microbial plasticity in conventional mice, we assessed the vaginal microbiome of humanized microbiota mice (

Candida Auris-Macrophage Cellular Interactions And Transcriptional Response, Pedro Miramón, Andrew W Pountain, Michael C Lorenz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The pathogenic yeast Candida auris represents a global threat of the utmost clinical relevance. This emerging fungal species is remarkable in its resistance to commonly used antifungal agents and its persistence in the nosocomial settings. The innate immune system is one the first lines of defense preventing the dissemination of pathogens in the host. C. auris is susceptible to circulating phagocytes, and understanding the molecular details of these interactions may suggest routes to improved therapies. In this work, we examined the interactions of this yeast with macrophages. We found that macrophages avidly phagocytose C. auris; however, intracellular replication is …

Nad+ Rescues Aging-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Damage Via The Cx43-Parp1 Axis, Rui Zhan, Xia Meng, Dongping Tian, Jie Xu, Hongtu Cui, Jialei Yang, Yangkai Xu, Mingming Shi, Jing Xue, Weiwei Yu, Gaofei Hu, Ke Li, Xiaoxiao Ge, Qi Zhang, Mingming Zhao, Jianyong Du, Xin Guo, Wenli Xu, Yang Gao, Changyu Yao, Fan Chen, Yue Chen, Wenxin Shan, Yujie Zhu, Liang Ji, Bing Pan, Yan Yu, Wenguang Li, Xuyang Zhao, Qihua He, Xiaohui Liu, Yue Huang, Shengyou Liao, Bin Zhou, Dehua Chui, Y Eugene Chen, Zheng Sun, Erdan Dong, Yongjun Wang, Lemin Zheng

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) function deteriorates during aging, contributing to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. It is unclear what drives BBB leakage in aging and how it can be prevented. Using single-nucleus transcriptomics, we identified decreased connexin 43 (CX43) expression in cadherin-5