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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Medical Microbiology
Validation Of A Real-Time Pcr Laboratory Developed Test For The Detection Of Pneumocystis Jirovecii In Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples, Caitlyn Moon
Honors Scholar Theses
Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic, host-obligate fungal pathogen responsible for causing P. jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in humans. PJP is treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), a strong broad-spectrum antibiotic that carries risk of renal and hepatotoxicity. Therefore, rapid diagnosis or exclusion of PJP is crucial to ensure PJP-positive patients receive effective treatment and PJP-negative patients avoid unnecessary antibiotics. Unlike most microorganisms, P. jirovecii cannot be cultured, presenting complications for the typical methods of diagnosing fungal pathogens. Historically, the gold standard for diagnosis was direct microscopic examination with stains such as methenamine silver and calcofluor white, but this diagnostic technique requires highly skilled …
Review Of The Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, And Treatment Of Naegleria Fowleri-Induced Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis, Terrance Zhang
Review Of The Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, And Treatment Of Naegleria Fowleri-Induced Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis, Terrance Zhang
MCB Articles
Naegleria fowleri is a thermophilic, ubiquitous, free-living amoeba, but is also known as the “brain-eating” amoeba. This is the etiological agent of a rare and fulminant waterborne disease known as Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) that is acutely fatal in 90-99% of reported cases. Those who come into contact with infested waters are at risk of introducing the amoeba into their upper nasal canal, whence the trophozoite form is known to migrate along the olfactory nerve, through the cribriform plate, and enter the central nervous system. Although the exact pathogenesis of N. fowleri is not known, studies have demonstrated contact-dependent and …
Elucidating The Impact Of Sos-Response Timing In On Escherichia Coli Survival Following Treatment With Fluoroquinolone Topoisomerase Inhibitors, Stephanie Schofield
Elucidating The Impact Of Sos-Response Timing In On Escherichia Coli Survival Following Treatment With Fluoroquinolone Topoisomerase Inhibitors, Stephanie Schofield
Honors Scholar Theses
Antibiotic treatment failure is a public health crisis, with a 2019 report stating that roughly 35,000 deaths occur in the United States yearly due to bacterial infections that are unresponsive to antibiotics (1). One complication in the treatment of bacterial infection is antibiotic persistence which further compromises our battle to effectively treat infection. Bacterial persisters can exist in clonal bacterial cultures and can tolerate antibiotic treatment by undergoing reversible phenotypic changes. They can survive drug concentrations that their genetically identical kin cannot. Some persisters remain in a slow growing state and are difficult to target with current antibiotics. A specific …
A Review Of Staphylococcus Aureus Pathogenesis, Global Impact, And The Rise Of Antibiotic-Resistant Clones, Anders Kleinbeck
A Review Of Staphylococcus Aureus Pathogenesis, Global Impact, And The Rise Of Antibiotic-Resistant Clones, Anders Kleinbeck
Honors Scholar Theses
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen of grave concern to global public health. The pathogen has shown an unrivaled propensity to obtain resistance to nearly every antibiotic drug approved and prescribed for its treatment. This review will provide an overview of the history and evolution of S. aureus, including an analysis of its transition from the nosocomial setting to the community and the factors contributing to the species’ innate pathogenicity. This paper will also discuss the molecular mechanisms by which resistance to a wide range of popular antibiotic substances was obtained and will provide insight into the evolutionary patterns exhibited by …
Identification Of Ciprofloxacin Resistance Factors Via In Vivo Evolution Of Aeromonas Veronii In The Medicinal Leech, Lauren Daddi
Identification Of Ciprofloxacin Resistance Factors Via In Vivo Evolution Of Aeromonas Veronii In The Medicinal Leech, Lauren Daddi
Honors Scholar Theses
Infections from ciprofloxacin (Cp) resistant (CpR) Aeromonas veronii have been reported in increasing numbers among patients receiving leech therapy in recent years. Mutations in DNA gyrase, gyrA S83I, and DNA topoisomerase IV, parC E91K, along with acquisition of the qnrS2 gene located on the pAv42 plasmid, have been identified as genetic factors contributing to CpR in A. veronii. A strain of A. veronii harboring all known resistance factors was previously constructed and has a Cp minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3 µg/ml, which remains below the resistance threshold of 4 µg/ml and well below the high …
Effect Of Serine-Dipeptide Bacterial Lipid Treatment On Gene Expression In Hepg2 Liver Cells, Shaharia Ferdus
Effect Of Serine-Dipeptide Bacterial Lipid Treatment On Gene Expression In Hepg2 Liver Cells, Shaharia Ferdus
Honors Scholar Theses
While greater abundances of Bacteroidetes are associated with better health outcomes, this phylum is a major producer of serine-dipeptide lipids, which are thought to promote inflammation via Tolllike receptor (TLR) stimulation. Lipid 654 (L-654) is one class of serine-dipeptide lipids that has been isolated from arterial plaques and is thought to contribute to atherogenesis. Recent evidence shows that not only does long-term L-654 exposure attenuate atherosclerosis, it also significantly reduces hepatic lipid levels and markers of inflammation in mice. To better understand the impact on the human liver, L-654 was administered to HepG2 hepatocytes at concentrations of 0.5 μg/mL or …
The Emergence Of The Zika, Chikungunya, And Dengue Viruses In Brazil, The Dominican Republic, And Puerto Rico, Nelson Xavier Del Pilar
The Emergence Of The Zika, Chikungunya, And Dengue Viruses In Brazil, The Dominican Republic, And Puerto Rico, Nelson Xavier Del Pilar
Honors Scholar Theses
The Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue viruses are three emerging viral infections of the 21st century. Outbreaks have occurred in twenty countries, including areas of South America, and territories in the Caribbean. These viral diseases are mosquito-borne infections transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The origins of the diseases, viral morphology, and vector transmission will be described in this review as well as symptoms that humans experience, medical testing procedures, and preventative measures. This study will focus on three locations: Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. There are many similarities between the three viruses to emphasize, but …
Manipulation Of The Microbiome And Its Impact On Functional Recovery Following Ischemic Stroke, Michal Jandzinski
Manipulation Of The Microbiome And Its Impact On Functional Recovery Following Ischemic Stroke, Michal Jandzinski
Honors Scholar Theses
Each year, nearly 800,000 individuals residing in the United States will have a stroke. Of these, about 130,000 cases will prove fatal while many of the survivors will be forced to live with disability for the remainder of their lives. Out of all strokes over 87% are ischemic strokes. The widespread incidence of this debilitating condition costs the United States an estimated $36.5 billion dollars every single year. Despite this, clinicians are armed with very little to combat the disease. Recent research developments have brought about the rise in awareness about the importance of the microbiome, the various gut flora …