Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Commons^™

The Function Of The Insulin Receptor In Liver Subcell Types And Its Dichotomous Role In Hepatic Dysfunction, Wang-Hsin Lee

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences

Insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) have become significant health issues worldwide. Increased prevalence of hepatic insulin resistance and MASLD worsens the threat of its progressive complications, such as liver fibrosis, which can lead to cirrhosis and death if left untreated. Treatments for MASLD-induced liver fibrosis are mainly insulin sensitizers. However, activating insulin signaling leads to a higher death rate in end-stage liver fibrosis. This dissertation discusses the emerging insights into hepatic insulin resistance and potential treatment targets in the heme degradation pathway for reversal. We also investigated the mechanisms that the insulin receptor (INSR) regulates in …

Exenatide As Chronopharmacotherapy For T2dm Associated Complications: Targeting Nondipping Blood Pressure And Sleep Insufficiency, Aaron Chacon

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences

Although largely impacted by age, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is primarily driven by obesity, currently affecting ~30 million in the U.S and ~463 million globally. T2DM carries numerous complications, including high prevalence of hypertension and nondipping blood pressure (BP), sleep insufficiency and fragmentation. Nondipping BP is an inadequate drop in BP (≤ 10%) during sleeping hours compared with waking hours. Lending to this, sleep disturbance acts as both precursor and consequence of metabolic dysregulation, greatly impacting circadian rhythmicity. To model these conditions, we utilized diabetic (db/db) mice. These mice carry a point mutation …

Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs In Texas, Thao Doan

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Symposium 2024

No abstract provided.

Improving Patient Self-Advocacy And Communication With Providers Through Diabetes Self-Management Education: Analyses From A Randomized Controlled Trial, Brenna Owens Kirk

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: West Virginia (WV), a rural state in Appalachia, has the highest type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence in the United States. Open communication in the patient-provider relationship is an integral part of comprehensive chronic disease management. This is especially true for patients living with T2DM, a disease that requires many complex, daily self-management activities and is associated with increased emotional distress. However, patients living with T2DM are often reluctant to openly share their concerns regarding self-care with their provider. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of the Diabetes and Hypertension Self-Management Program (DHSMP), a 12-week group lifestyle …

Understanding Guardian Perceptions Of Whole-Foods Plant-Based Diets As Interventions In Pediatric Medicine, Vijay R. Luthra

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The obesity epidemic is widespread in American society, often affecting children who bear its consequences innocently. Due to a lack of nutrition knowledge, children rely on caregivers to meet their nutritional needs and instill healthy habits. This study examines parents' attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors, as well as perceived barriers to adopting a whole-foods plant-based diet (WFPD) for their children. Using a modified survey instrument by Morton et al., this study focused on parents and children regarding dietary choices. Participants were recruited from the waiting area of a pediatric clinic at the Medical College of Georgia between April and May 2023. …

Bioarchaeological Study Of Patterns Of Juvenile Oral Health In Ancient Peru, Nidhi S. Patel

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Dental caries have been identified for several centuries as a common pathology within individuals’ mouths, more specifically in the posterior teeth surfaces (Jesudass, Prabhu, Rajajee, & Sudheer, 2014). Although there have been modern procedures and preventative methods developed to help treat dental caries, in ancient times this was not always the case. The persistence of anterior teeth dental caries in juveniles is a unique pathology observed in Túcume that has not been studied yet. Through the analysis of skeletal samples, this research aims to study the specific case of the formation of anterior deciduous dental caries in juveniles located at …

The Role Of Micrornas In Cellular Senescence, Inflammation, And Cancer Induced By Childhood Obesity, Sarah S. Siddiqi

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Childhood obesity has escalated into a major public health crisis with serious implications for long-term health. As obesity rates among children continue to rise globally, it is crucial to understand its effects on cellular aging and inflammation—key processes that underpin many metabolic diseases. Obesity not only directly contributes to various metabolic disorders but also disrupts fundamental cellular mechanisms, accelerating aging and fostering systemic inflammation. By examining the impact of obesity on cellular aging and chronic inflammation, as well as the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in these pathways, we have been able to identify critical biomarkers and molecular mechanisms involved …

Association Between The Presence Of Helicobacter Pylori And The Development Of De Novo Anemia In Adults Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy, Tammy S. Carrillo-Levin, Maria F. Jaramillo-Ocharan, Gustavo Salinas-Sedo, Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Sleeve gastrectomy has gained prominence in obesity treatment, yet it is not without complications, such as the development of anemia in the medium term. Given the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Peru, it is imperative to explore its potential association with this postoperative complication. Objective: To evaluate the association between the presence of Helicobacter pylori and the development of anemia 12 months after sleeve gastrectomy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out based on an analysis of secondary data from a private clinic in Lima, Peru, which included two groups of people over 18 years of …

Predictive Modelling Of Metabolic Syndrome In Ghanaian Diabetic Patients: An Ensemble Machine Learning Approach, Emmanuel Acheampong, Eric Adua, Christian Obirikorang, Enoch Odame Anto, Emmanuel Peprah-Yamoah, Yaa Obirikorang, Evans Adu Asamoah, Victor Opoku-Yamoah, Michael Nyantakyi, John Taylor, Tonnies Abeku Buckman, Maryam Yakubu, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: The burgeoning prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) within Africa is concerning. Machine learning (ML) techniques offer a unique opportunity to leverage data-driven insights and construct predictive models for MetS risk, thereby enhancing the implementation of personalised prevention strategies. In this work, we employed ML techniques to develop predictive models for pre-MetS and MetS among diabetic patients. Methods: This multi-centre cross-sectional study comprised of 919 T2DM patients. Age, gender, novel anthropometric indices along with biochemical measures were analysed using BORUTA feature selection and an ensemble majority voting classification model, which included …

Effects Of Aerobic And Resistance Exercise For 9 Months On Serum Free Light Chains In Type 2 Diabetes, Youyoung Kim, John P. Campbell, Neil M. Johannsen, Timothy S. Church, Eunhan Cho, Jennifer Heaney, Guillaume Spielmann

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and aims: Serum polyclonal free light chains (FLCs) levels are associated with overall survival in the general population, reflecting their utility as a biomarker of underlying immune activation and inflammation. Regular exercise is known to ameliorate low-grade inflammation in chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes; however, the effects of different exercise training modalities on FLCs in adults with type 2 diabetes is unknown. This study investigated the effects of 9-month of aerobic, resistance or combined supervised exercise on serum FLCs in 164 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 58 ± 8 years; 63% female). Methods: 164 participants from …

Exploring Treatment Burden In People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm) In Primary Care Settings, Kai Lin

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Introduction

Treatment burden is the perceived workload of care by individuals. The treatment burden experienced by individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major obstacle to achieving effective healthcare outcomes. The aim of this research is to facilitate better management of treatment burden in people with T2DM in primary care settings.

Methods

A systematic review, encompassing narrative analysis was used to characterise the treatment burden of T2DM and critical appraisal was used to identify the appropriate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for measuring this burden. The selected instruments were employed with subsequent questionnaires, followed by patient focus groups. A …

The Associations Of Cardiometabolic And Dietary Variables With Clinical Periodontitis In Adults With And Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study, Arpita Basu, Leigh Ann Richardson, Alicia Carlos, Neamat Hassan Abubakr, Robin L. Weltmann, Jeffrey L. Ebersole

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

Periodontitis is a commonly occurring inflammatory oral disease affecting a large proportion of global and US adults and is characterized by the destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. Its etiology is multifactorial, and type 2 diabetes and diet play critical roles in its remission and progression. However, few studies have addressed nutritional and serum vitamin D status in adults with periodontitis in the presence of diabetes. A cross-sectional study (n = 78), and a sub-set of age- and BMI-matched case–control studies (n = 50), were conducted to examine differences in dietary and cardiometabolic variables, and serum vitamin D in adults with …

Utility Of Bariatric Surgery In The Remission Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Christine Ercoline, Alyssa Bower, Corinne Singh

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

Objective: Assess whether bariatric surgery is more effective than lifestyle modification and medication in the long-term reduction of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose among obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design: Systematic literature review. Methods: A PubMed search was performed utilizing the terms bariatric surgery, type 2 diabetes and remission. In PubMed the following limits and terms were used: published in the last 10 years, humans, full text, clinical trial, randomized control trial, and English. Results: An analysis of three randomized control trials (RCTs) supports bariatric surgery as a modality to induce the remission of type 2 …

A Literature Review On Thermogenesis As A Prospective Obesity Treatment, Kellyn Sheppard

Senior Honors Theses

The disease of obesity has quickly escalated from an epidemic to a worldwide pandemic in the last few decades, and viable treatment methods are being investigated with urgency. One such treatment method is increased induction of the thermogenesis pathway that is active in brown adipose tissue. This pathway is typically activated in mammals when they are exposed to cold temperatures for extended periods of time but can also be induced exogenously. Thermogenesis is a metabolically inefficient process that occurs in the mitochondria of a cell, meaning it uses substrate energy without generating ATP. The inefficiency of this process allows excess …

Lifestyle And Dietary Modifications For Reducing Psoriatic Disease Activity: A Comprehensive Review, Andrea Nguyen, Jessica Garner

Pacific Journal of Health

Abstract: Psoriasis is a prevalent, immune-medication disorder affecting millions of individuals in the United States, leading to substantial healthcare costs (Armstrong, 2021; Brenzinski, 2015). Psoriasis has an established correlation with comorbidities such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome (Al-Mutairi, 2010). Due to the substantial socioeconomic burden psoriatic disease poses on modern day society, significant benefit could be derived from identifying nonprescription strategies for patients to adopt in order to reduce disease activity. This comprehensive review includes 33 publications from 2008 to 2023, evaluating non-prescription therapeutic strategies including lifestyle modification and anti-inflammatory dietary changes. The analysis suggests …

Investigating The Effects Of Subchronic Dietary Zinc Supplementation On Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease., Oluwanifemi Esther Bolatimi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Zinc deficiency is associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Previous studies show zinc supplementation improves steatosis, but its therapeutic effects in established MASLD remain unclear. We developed a model to characterize the effects of zinc supplementation on high-fat diet (HFD) induced MASLD and hypothesized established MASLD would be attenuated. Mice were fed control diet or HFD for 12 weeks and then grouped into normal or zinc-supplemented diets for 8 additional weeks. At euthanasia, plasma and liver tissues were collected for phenotypic analysis. Twelve weeks of HFD altered glucose clearance and body composition. Eight weeks of subsequent zinc supplementation …

Chronic Stressors, Obesity Pathogenesis, And The Moderating Effect Of Internalized Weight Stigma; A Quantitative, Illinois Study, Karyn Byrne

Dissertations

The obesity epidemic is a ‘wicked’ problem with a complex web of determinants and outcomes. While generally higher for minoritized populations, prevalence rates manifest in surprising, nonlinear patterns. There is no consensus regarding treatment protocols or mitigation efforts, except that current efforts remain largely ineffective. Much research evidence that a profusion of determinants of health support obesity pathogenesis through various physiological processes and mechanisms, including the allostatic load, mitochondria functioning, the gut microbiome, and epigenetics. Intervening to support markers of the allostatic load (immunity, inflammation, and metabolic health) may provide a more effective treatment outcomes than traditional approaches, which tend …

Weight Gain And Weight Loss Attempts Among People With Hiv(Pwh) In Louisiana, Lauren Richey, Jonathan Schroeder, Kyle Mistretta, Hui-Yi Lin, Connie Arnold, David Welsh, John Apolzan

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Infectious Diseases Week, IDWeek 2023, October 11 - 15, 2023, Boston, MA

Mechanisms And Treatment Options For Hyperthyroid-Induced Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review, Robert M. Branstetter 4th, Rahib K. Islam, Collin A. Toups, Amanda N. Parra, Zachary Lee, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Giustino Varrassi, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D. Kaye

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Normal thyroid hormone levels are crucial for the homeostasis of many metabolic cycles and processes throughout the human body. Thyroid dysfunction, such as thyrotoxicosis, can result from many different etiologies, including Graves' disease (GD), toxic multinodular goiter (MNG), and toxic adenoma. These hyperthyroid disease states can cause devastating complications and disease, including the disruption of the bone remodeling cycle and skeletal development, which can result in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density and a propensity for fragility fractures. In addition to patients with overt hyperthyroidism, studies have provided evidence of other high-risk patient demographics, such …

Improving Effective Care In Obese Patients In A Primary Care Clinic, Amy Miller

Journal of Interprofessional Practice and Collaboration

Background: Obesity is a preventable epidemic and costs the United States $200 billion annually. The leading causes of death are linked to obesity.

Local Problem: In a chart review, 53% of patients at a northeast Louisiana primary care clinic were obese. However, none were offered comprehensive lifestyle intervention. The aim was to increase the percentage of patients with BMI < 30 kg/m2 to 60% over 8 weeks.

Methods: A rapid-cycle quality improvement initiative was implemented using four Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles over 8 weeks. Each cycle produced tests of change related to screening, patient and team engagement, and assessing effective care. Run charts and aggregate tables were used to analyze …

Perceptions Of Diabetes Distress And Counseling During The Pandemic - Rural Provider Perspectives, Ranjita Misra, Brenna O. Kirk, William D. Lewis

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Introduction

West Virginia is an Appalachian rural state that ranks highest in the nation in the prevalence of diabetes (16.2%). The COVID-19 pandemic impacted routine diabetes care. As a result, individuals experienced diabetes distress over the physical and psychological burdens of diabetes management. In rural and medically underserved counties (71%), diabetes care is often provided by primary care physicians. However, healthcare providers’ perspectives on diabetes distress and related counseling to address them are unclear. This cross-sectional study’s objective was to explore healthcare providers’ (HCP) perspectives regarding their patient’s diabetes distress and how it guided their counseling for diabetes self-care during …

Ramadan Fasting Did Not Lessen Vegetable And Fruit Consumption, Sleep Duration, And Physical Activity On Adolescents In Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia, Afradina Septiasari, Elma Alfiah, Andi Mukramin Yusuf, Amalina Ratih Puspa

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Muslims do Ramadan fasting for around 12 hours (between dawn and sunset). Apart from changing meal times, Ramadan fasting also has the potential to change sleep duration due to sahoor (before the dawn) activities that must be done. The ideal amount and frequency of vegetables and fruit consumption in the national guideline were illustrated by the three main meals a day. The different conditions occurred when doing Ramadan fasting, which was predicted to have less vegetable and fruit consumption than the normal days, especially Muslim adolescents. This research analyzed the difference between the consumption of vegetables and fruit, sleep duration, …

Relationship Between Muscle Dysmorphia And Other Factors With Supplement Consumption Among Selected Gym Members In Jakarta, Mohammad Rafid Billy Ramadhan, Anna Fitriani

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Ergogenic supplements can enhance exercise performance. However, many gym members use them without consulting professionals such as nutritionists/dietitians, increasing the risk of adverse effects. This study investigates the consumption of ergogenic supplements and factors associated with them among members of selected fitness centers in Jakarta. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 116 participants from 3 fitness centers in Jakarta. The independent variables studied were Muscle Dysmorphia, Exercise Addiction, self-esteem, body image, age, gender, exercise duration, exercise experience, exercise intensity, and social media exposure. Data was collected via interviews based on a prepared questionnaire. Results showed that 67.2% of the respondents …

Peer Influence As The Dominant Factor In Coffee Drink Consumption Among Non-Health Major University Of Indonesia Students In 2023, Patrisha Ramadhiani, Triyanti Triyanti, Sandra Fikawati

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Coffee drinks are sugar-sweetened beverages made from coffee powder, sugar, and water through heating. High consumption of coffee drinks is associated with sugar content, which can increase the risk of obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in coffee drink consumption levels based on individual characteristics and environmental factors among non-health undergraduate students at the University of Indonesia in 2023. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 181 active undergraduate non-health students in 2023. Data were collected in June 2023 through a self-administered questionnaire. The results showed that 52.5% of the respondents …

The Differences In Nutritional Status Based On The Use Of Online Food Delivery (Ofd) Services Among The Universitas Indonesia’S Non-Health Science Cluster Students In 2023, Muhammad Aulia Rizky, Asih Setiarini, Sandra Fikawati, Fajrinayanti Fajrinayanti

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Uncontrolled use of Online Food Delivery (OFD) can increase food intake and affect the incidence of overweight/obesity. This study aims to examine the differences in the proportion of nutritional status based on the use of OFD services among UI non-health science cluster students. This study involved 136 respondents using a purposive sampling method and cross-sectional study design. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, Google Form, and direct interviews to be analyzed by Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed significant differences in the proportion of nutritional status based on the duration of consumer loyalty, pocket money, and energy …

The Difference Of Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Based On Individual Characteristics And Other Factors Among Non-Health Undergraduate Students In Universitas Indonesia In 2023, Adeline Vashtianada, Asih Setiarini, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Ultra-processed food/UPF is a product that undergoes a series of industrial techniques and processes, also has low nutritional value. Overconsumption of UPF can increase the risk of overweight and obesity. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in the proportion of UPF consumption based on individual characteristics, environmental factors, and lifestyle factors among non-health undergraduate students in Universitas Indonesia in 2023. A cross sectional study design conducted on 149 samples. The data was collected using a self-administered online questionnaire. The data was analyzed using univariate and bivariate (chi-square) analyses. The results showed that 50.3% of the students …

Sugary Food And Beverages Consumption, Family History, And Primary Dysmenorrhea In Undergraduate Students, Faculty Of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Raihani Ramadhan, Wahyu Kurnia Yusrin Putra, Diah Mulyawati Utari, Khoirul Anwar

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological problem experienced by women of reproductive age and can interfere with daily activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and differences in the proportion of primary dysmenorrhea based on individual factors (duration of menstrual bleeding, family history, physical activity, stress) and diet (breakfast habits, frequency of saturated fat consumption, omega-3 consumption, iron consumption, frequency of consumption of dairy products, caffeine consumption, and frequency of consumption of sugary foods and beverages). This study used a cross-sectional design and involved 150 regular undergraduate students in the 2019-2022 batch of the …

Gene By Environment Interaction And Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease In Mexican American Patients With Depression, Khalid Sheikh, Vincent P. Diego, Sandra L. Laston, Eron G. Manusov, Sarah Williams-Blangero, John Blangero

Research Colloquium

Knowledge of genetic and environmental (G x E) interaction effects on metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of G x E interaction effects on MAFLD in Mexican Americans in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV). The environment examined was depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). We examined potential G x E interaction in the phenotypic expression of MAFLD, including hepatic steatosis and hepatic fibrosis, using variance component models and likelihood-based statistical inference. Significant G x E interactions were identified for hepatic fibrosis x BDI-II. These findings provide …

Fat Distribution And Differential Effects On Metabolic Liver Fat Infiltration In Young Mexicans In Reynosa, Mexico: A Collaborative Study Across The U.S.-Mexico Border, Esperanza Milagros Garcia-Oropesa, Adriana Leticia Perales-Torres, Estrella Martinez-Lopez, Claudia Munguia-Cisneros, Edna Nava-Gonzalez, Monserrat Perez-Navarro, Marisol Rosas-Diaz, Neyla Baltazar, Alvaro Diaz-Badillo, Octelina Castillo-Ruiz, Joselin Hernandez-Ruiz, Srinivas Mummidi, Laura Yanneth Ramirez-Quintanilla, Carlos Ramirez-Pfeiffer, Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga

Research Symposium

Introduction: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a descriptive term for NAFLD (Non-alcoholic) physiopathology associated with obesity. The age of onset linked to body fat distribution is poorly studied. Therefore, we aimed to assess the body fat effect on liver fat infiltration and stiffness (LSt) mediated by insulin resistance (IR).

Methods: After obtaining informed consent, five hundred freshmen from two universities in Reynosa, Mexico (UMAN & UAT) were enrolled in the study. They completed a questionnaire focused on familial cardiometabolic risk and provided anthropometric measurements. In a subset of N=200, we obtained blood samples for biochemical measurements, body fat percentage …

Vitamin D Deficiency Among Children And Adolescents Living In Sunny South Texas, Yoscelina E. Martinez-Lopez, Margarita Faz, Beatriz Tapia, Juan C. Lopez-Alvarenga, Francisco J. Cervantes

Research Symposium

Background: Exposure to sunlight is essential to produce Vitamin D (ViD). Recent studies suggest obesity is associated with low ViD concentration. Living in South Texas with 220 sunny days a year should be enough to maintain adequate ViD levels. We aimed to analyze ViD levels and obesity in children and adolescents.

Methods: We included 1239 pediatric (1.5 to 18.8 years old) participants (primary care clinic from Laredo) with registered CDC percentiles of BMI (pBMI) and serum concentrations of ViD (Atellica™). Data are described as median (p25, p75), Loess correlation between pBMI and ViD, ANCOVA to adjust by age, sex, and …