Chemicals and Drugs Commons^™

Low Concentrations Of Hexavalent Chromium In Drinking Water Induce Alzheimer’S Disease Neuropathology: Using A Toxic Aging Coin Approach To Assess Hexavalent Chromium Neurotoxicity, Liam Buchanan, Samuel Vielee, Spencer Roof, Haiyan Lu, Jamie L Young, Idoia Meaza Isusi, Aggie Williams, Joseph Kouokam, Sandra Wise, Luping Guo, Jun Cai, John Wise, John P. Wise Jr.

The Cardinal Edge

Introduction: We are currently facing an aging crisis, as 20% of the U.S. population will be geriatric (65+) by 2030. This growing geriatric population will result in increasing prevalence of age-related diseases, coinciding with increasingly prevalent environmental pollution. Environmental pollution is a ubiquitous health threat that affects people at all ages and contributes to aging pathology. However, geriatric individuals are likely more susceptible to the negative health effects from environmental pollution. The distinct effects of environmental pollutants across age groups are currently understudied. We use a Toxic Aging Coin approach to investigate: 1) how age impacts toxicity (heads), …

Maternal Substance Use And Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (Nicu) Admission Among Medicaid Beneficiaries: A State-Wide Audit, Vidhani Goel, Ana L. Reyes, Bertille Assoumou, Dodds P. Simangan, Farooq Abdulla, Megumi Akiyama, Deborah A. Kuhls, Kavita Batra

Undergraduate Research Symposium Podium Presentations

Introduction: Mounting evidence suggested a strong association between maternal substance abuse and poor neonatal outcomes. This study aims to investigate an association between maternal substance abuse and NICU admissions and transitions in the LOC among newborns who were Medicaid beneficiaries.

Methods: A hybrid linkage approach was utilized to link two datasets (Birth Registry and Nevada Medicaid Claims) spanning 2015-2021 with nearly 85% linkage efficiency. The infant records were analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistical methods with significance level set at 5%.

Results: A total of 84,181 infant records were identified, of which 70,817 (84.1%) admitted to a single LOC during …

Takeout Or Delivery? Reoperation Rates In Lower Extremity Long Bone Osteomyelitis Treated With Debridement And Local Antibiotic Delivery Systems, Nolan M. Reinhart, Jackson P. Tate, Jacob S. Budin, Julianna E. Winter, Olivia C. Lee, William F. Sherman

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis and treatment of osteomyelitis is essential to prevent potential complications including sepsis, extensive bone resection, amputation, and death. Despite current treatment strategies for management of osteomyelitis, recurrence rates reported in the literature are upwards of 25 %. Current evidence comparing the efficacy of differing surgical treatments of osteomyelitis is inconclusive. The purpose of this study is to compare rates of re-debridement and amputation in patients who receive either debridement alone or debridement with placement of local antibiotic delivery systems as initial treatment for lower extremity long bone osteomyelitis. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed to investigate …

Unravelling The Erythropoietin Heterodimeric Complex: In Silico Analysis Of Complex Assembly And Binding Interface, Atiya Habib, Urooj Qureshi, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Aftab Ahmed, Zaheer Ul-Haq

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Erythropoietin (Epo), a glycosylated protein categorized as a member of the cytokine family, is responsible for the modulation of erythrogenesis. Besides this, the nonhaematopoietic effects of Epo are associated with tissue-protective activity via an antiapoptotic pathway. This function of Epo is linked with its heterodimeric form, i.e. EpoR/βcR belonging to the cytokine family as well. Both receptors are dissected into three domains: extracellular (also known as ligand-binding domain), transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain. The transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains are assumed to play a paramount role in dimerization and tissue protection. However, the tertiary structure of cytoplasmic domains of both …

Acute Stress Activates Basolateral Amygdala Neurons Expressing Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Type 1 (Crhr1): Topographical Distribution And Projection-Specific Activation In Male And Female Rats, Robert J. Aukema, Gavin N. Petrie, Samantha L. Baglot, Nicholas W. Gilpin, Matthew N. Hill

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Although the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor type I (CRHR1) signaling are both central to the stress response, the spatial and circuit-specific distribution of CRHR1 have not been identified in the BLA at a high resolution. We used transgenic male and female CRHR1-Cre-tdTomato rats to topographically map the distribution of BLA neurons and identify whether they are activated by acute stress. Additionally, we used the BLA circuits projecting to the central amygdala (CeA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) as a model to test circuit-specific expression of CRHR1 in the BLA. We established several key findings. First, CRHR1 had …

Sex-Specific Changes In Gene Expression In Response To Stress In Individuals With Gulf War Illness, Lily Tehrani, Joshua Frank, Melanie Perez, Oskar Zarnowski, Raquel Rossman, Abraham Edelstein, Sadhika Uppalapati, Ana Reuthebuck, Rajendra Pangeni, Lubov Nathanson

HCA-NSU MD Research Day

Objectives The main objectives of this research proposal are to evaluate sex differences in circulating immune cells gene expression in GWI patients in response to stress modeled by exercise challenge, and sex differences in onset and progression of GWI. Background The underlying mechanisms associated with the onset and progression of GWI, a condition characterized by symptoms such as easy fatigability, memory problems, muscle and joint pain, gastrointestinal issues, neurological problems, and hormonal imbalance remains unclear. Methods We evaluated differentially expressed genes (DEG) (fold change ≥ 1.5, FDR ≤ 0.1) by RNA-seq in circulating lymphocytes of 20 GWI female and male …

Synergistic Effects Of Inecalcitol With Imatinib And Dasatinib On Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines, Samuel Angel, Emma Cowles, Jeams Richard Costa, Raad Al Ani, Kallidaikurichi V. Venkatachalam

HCA-NSU MD Research Day

Objective This study evaluates the synergistic effects of the anticancer drugs Imatinib and Dasatinib in combination with Inecalcitol, a metabolite of vitamin D, on CML cell lines. Background Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has emerged as a popular treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), increasing patient outcomes. Vitamin D has anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic effects, therefore it can be considered a potential cancer-preventative agent. Method AR-230, KCL-22, LAMA-84S, and U-937 cell lines were grown in T25 conical flasks for 48 hours at 37°C before transferring to a 96-well plate. Cells were treated with varying combinations of Inecalcitol, Imatinib, and Dasatinib. Cell …

Effects Of Sex And Estrous Cycle On Extended-Access Oxycodone Self-Administration And Cue-Induced Drug Seeking Behavior, Bhumiben P Patel, Jessica A Loweth

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

INTRODUCTION: Increasing evidence indicates that sex is a factor that impacts the abuse liability and relapse vulnerability of prescription opioids like oxycodone. However, while women are more likely than men to be prescribed and to use these drugs, the impact of sex and ovarian hormones on prescription opioid use and relapse vulnerability remains unclear. Accurately assessing these measures is complicated by the fact that chronic opioid exposure can lower ovarian hormone levels and cause cycle irregularities.

METHODS: Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats self-administered oxycodone (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) under extended-access conditions (6 h/day, 10 days) followed by forced abstinence. Separate groups …

Meca In Streptococcus Mutans Is A Multi-Functional Protein, Kassapa Ellepola, Robert C. Shields, Jessica K. Kajfasz, Hua Zhang, Jose A. Lemos, Hui Wu, Zezhang T. Wen

School of Dentistry Faculty Publications

UNLABELLED: Our recent studies have shown that deficiency of MecA in Streptococcus mutans significantly affects cell division, growth, and biofilm formation. In this study, an in vitro mixed-species model, proteomics, and affinity pull-down assays were used to further characterize the MecA-mediated regulation in S. mutans. The results showed that compared with the wild type, UA159, the mecA mutant significantly reduced its production of glucans and weakened its ability to facilitate mixed-species biofilm formation. Relative to the wild type, the mecA mutant also displayed unique characteristics, including colony morphology, growth rate, and biofilm formation that did not fully resemble any of …

Beta-Blocker Use In Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Doménica Herrera Hernández, Bárbara Abreu, Tania S. Xiao, Andreina Rojas, Kevin López Romero, Valentina Contreras, Sol Villa Nogueyra, Zulma Sosa, Samantha M. Alvarez, Camila Sánchez Cruz, Ernesto Calderón Martinez

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The use of beta-blockers in the perioperative period has been widely investigated due to their potential to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and mortality; yet their overall impact on various postoperative outcomes remains debated. This study constitutes a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of beta-blockers on mortality, MI, stroke, and other adverse effects such as hypotension and bradycardia in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

METHODS: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were performed across PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases; …

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Cyclic Peptide-Dasatinib Conjugates As Anti-Melanoma Agents, Shaban Darwish, Dorna Davani-Davari, Shirley Tong, Rakesh Kumar Tiwari, Sun Yang, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Herein, we synthesized two amphiphilic cyclic peptides, incorporating tryptophan and arginine residues, linked to dasatinib via a Cathepsin B-sensitive tetrapeptide (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly). To mitigate steric hindrance and optimize drug release, we integrated two different linkers, succinate and glutarate, between the drug and peptide. The synthesis involved solid-phase techniques for the assembly of the peptide, followed by the coupling of the peptide on-resin with the linker, mild cleavage, and solution-phase cyclization. Conjugation of the peptide-attached linker with dasatinib was conducted in the presence of N-methylmorpholine and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), generating the novel prodrugs. The synthesized compounds were characterized by high-resolution mass …

Plasma Proteome Alterations Of Laying Hens Subjected To Heat Stress And Fed A Diet Supplemented With Pequi Oil (Caryocar Brasiliense Camb.): New Insights In The Identification Of Heat Stress Biomarkers, Joyce Da Silva, Luane Andrade, Paola Rodrigues, Laís Cordeiro, Gabrieli Lima, Júlia Lopes, Elis Castillo, Renata Martins, Andrey Assunção, José Vieira, Marília Busalaf, Jiri Adamec, José Sartori, Pedro Padilha

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Heat stress can disrupt the balance between the heat poultry release into the environment and the heat they generate. Pequi oil has antioxidant properties, which may mitigate the heat stress effects. This study aimed to investigate the response of laying hens to pequi oil supplementation under heat stress using a proteomic approach. A total of 96 Lohmann White laying hens with 26 weeks old were housed in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. They were housed in two climate chambers, thermal comfort temperature ± 24.04 °C with the relative humidity ± 66.35 and heat stress …

Metallomic Approach To Mercury And Selenium In The Liver Tissue Of Psectrogaster Amazonica And Raphiodon Vulpinus From The Brazilian Amazon, Izabela Bataglioli, José Vieira, Joyce Da Siva, Luane Andrade, Victor Faria, Rebeca Corcoba, Ronaldo De Almeida, Luiz Zara, Marília Buzalaf, Jiri Adamec, Pedro Padilha

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

This paper reports the results of a mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) metallomic study in the liver tissues of Psectrogaster amazonica and Raphiodon vulpinus from the Brazilian Amazon. Two-dimensional electrophoresis, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were performed. Hg and Se determinations allowed the calculation of Hg:Se and Se:Hg molar ratio and Se values for health benefits (Se HBVs). The Se:Hg values were >1 for both fish species, whereas the Se HBVs were >5 for P. amazonica and >10 for R. vulpinus, indicating that both possess Se reserves to control Hg toxicity. The metallomic data allowed …

Evaluation Of Sirtuin 1 As A Predictor Of Cardiovascular Outcomes In Diabetic Patients With Limb-Threatening Ischemia, Federico Biscetti, Maria Margherita Rando, Maria Anna Nicolazzi, Enrica Rossini, Michele Santoro, Flavia Angelini, Roberto Iezzi, Luis H. Eraso, Paul J. Dimuzio, Dario Pitocco, Massimo Massetti, Antonio Gasbarrini, Andrea Flex

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) significantly increases the risk of major adverse limb events (MALE) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after lower extremity revascularization (LER). This study aims to identify novel biomarkers that help to further reduce the risk of postoperative cardiovascular complications. In this prospective, nonrandomized, observational study, baseline serum levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) were assessed in 147 diabetic patients scheduled for LER due to CLTI, and participants were followed for the occurrence of MALE and MACE over 12 months. Fifty-three patients experienced MALE, and 33 experienced MACE within the follow-up period. Lower baseline SIRT1 levels were significantly …

Kratom: A Narrative Review Of The Possible Clinical Uses And Dangers Of This Opioid-Like Plant, Amber N. Edinoff, Sarah E. Kaufman, Taylor C. Mahoney, William C. Upshaw, Jay Gong, Elyse M. Cornett, Kevin S. Murnane, Adam M. Kaye, Giustino Varrassi, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D. Kaye

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The term "kratom" refers to a plant species formally known as Mitragyna speciosa. Kratom is composed of over 40 alkaloids, a type of organic compound that contains nitrogen. These compounds work primarily via binding to opioid receptors expressed on neurons, where they stimulate signal transduction mechanisms involving the activation of G proteins. Kratom has been shown to cause both a stimulant-like effect and a sedative effect in humans. These studies have shown that use is highest among European-American, middle-class men living in suburban areas. Additionally, individuals who have a history of opioid misuse are also more likely to take kratom. …

Could Sigmoid Diverticulitis, Drug-Induced Liver Injury, And Drug-Induced Pancreatitis Co-Occur?, Rutwik Pradeep Sharma, Ryan Tam, Michael Labuzetta, Richard Alweis

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Sigmoid diverticulitis is a leading cause of gastrointestinal pathology etiology, which causes hospital admissions in Western society. Recent studies have shown its prevalence to be 1-4%. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a primary cause of acute liver failure in the West^. The incidence of DILI is between 14-19 cases per 100,000 population. The prevalence of drug-induced pancreatitis (DIP) is 2-5%, although this is hard to estimate given the lack of large-scale studies. Sulfasalazine is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug that is indicated for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. It has been associated …

Table B: Impacts Of Utensil Use In Preparation, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Coffee Beans, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Creamer, Non-Dairy, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Tea Infusion, Unspecified Tea Type, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Puer Tea Infusion, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Energy, Isotonic, Sports, And Nutritional Drinks, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Butter, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Sugar, Syrup And Molasses, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Oils, Fats, And Their Products, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Pepper, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Rice, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Cookies And Snacks, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Barley, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Mango And Mango Juice, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.