Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Secondary Data Analysis Based On Children Health Survey: On Factors Associated To Overall Dental Health Of Children In Usa, Kavita Gohil

GS4 Student Scholars Symposium

The mouth is the portal of entry into the body, thus it is essential to attain and maintain oral health care. This process begins from the early period of life. Humans have two sets of teeth, and they start developing even before birth and development lasts till the age of around 25 years. Thus it is essential to take care of teeth during early stages of life, as they can affect overall well-being of the human. This paper describes how children's oral health is affected by external and internal factors and also risk factors which are associated with their oral …

The Elicitation Method For Past Tense Verb Production In Children With Specific Language Impairment And Typical Language, Morgan Geise, Heather Green, Olivia Hart, Abbi Leitnaker, Kerry Proctor-Williams

ETSU Faculty Works

Past tense verb production in children with specific language impairment and language-matched children with typical language was compared using language samples and a standardized probe (Rice/Wexler Test of Early Grammatical Impairment). Analyses revealed accuracy and error type differences between elicitation types and groups. Results have important clinical practice implications.

Growing Fit: Georgia’S Model For Engaging Early Care Environments In Preventing Childhood Obesity, Kelsey Mcdavid, Catalina Piedrahita, Emily A. Vall, Christi Kay, Jean O’Connor

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: In the United States, one in three children is overweight or obese by their fifth birthday. In Georgia, 35 percent of children are overweight or obese. Contrary to popular belief, children who are overweight or obese are unlikely to outgrow their weight status as adults, making early childhood an essential time to address weight status. An estimated 380,000 Georgia children attend early care and education environments, such as licensed child care centers, Head Start, and pre-kindergarten programs, which provide an opportunity to reach large numbers of children, including those at risk for obesity and overweight.

Methods: To address this …

Environmental Health News, Georgia Southern University

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Examine Problems of Air Monitoring during Destruction of Bio-weopon facilities
• Georgia Southern Receives NIH R21 grant to explore the role of interplay between environmental exposures, respiratory tract microbiome, and immune responses in children

An Assessment Of Elementary School Children’S Diet And Physical Activity Levels, Karen Tamara Serrano Arce

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

With prevalence rates of obesity among children and adolescents steadily rising, childhood obesity and overweight has become a public health concern. Publically funded elementary schools are in a unique position to provide children with opportunities regarding the promotion of physical activity and healthy nutritional behaviors. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct exploratory research to investigate the dietary habits of elementary school students enrolled in four Hillsborough County Out-of-School Time (HOST) care programs. Methods: The study utilized a quantitative, non-experimental study design. The instruments that were used in this research included a new questionnaire that was titled “All …

Variants In Cxcr4 Associate With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Susceptibility., Terri H. Finkel, Jin Li, Zhi Wei, Wei Wang, Haitao Zhang, Edward M. Behrens, Emma L. Reuschel, Sophie Limou, Carol Wise, Marilynn Punaro, Mara L. Becker, Jane E. Munro, Berit Flatø, Øystein Førre, Susan D. Thompson, Carl D. Langefeld, David N. Glass, Joseph T. Glessner, Cecilia E. Kim, Edward Frackelton, Debra K. Shivers, Kelly A. Thomas, Rosetta M. Chiavacci, Cuiping Hou, Kexiang Xu, James Snyder, Haijun Qiu, Frank Mentch, Kai Wang, Cheryl A. Winkler, Benedicte A. Lie, Justine A. Ellis, Hakon Hakonarson

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease among children, the etiology of which involves a strong genetic component, but much of the underlying genetic determinants still remain unknown. Our aim was to identify novel genetic variants that predispose to JIA.

METHODS: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and replication in a total of 1166 JIA cases and 9500 unrelated controls of European ancestry. Correlation of SNP genotype and gene expression was investigated. Then we conducted targeted resequencing of a candidate locus, among a subset of 480 cases and 480 controls. SUM test was performed …

Multiple Anti-Epileptic Drug Use In Children With Epilepsy In Mulago Hospital, Uganda: A Cross Ectional Study, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Seizures in up to one third of children with epilepsy may not be controlled by the first anti-epileptic drug (AED). In this study, we describe multiple AED usage in children attending a referral clinic in Uganda, the factors associated with multiple AED use and seizure control in affected patients. Methods: One hundred thirty nine patients attending Mulago hospital paediatric neurology clinic with epilepsy and who had been on AEDs for ≥6months were consecutively enrolled from July to December 2013 to reach the calculated sample size. With consent, the history and physical examination were repeated and the neurophysiologic and imaging …

Use Of Statin Therapy In Children And Adolescents Diagnosed With Familial Hypercholesterolemia To Prevent Premature Cardiovascular Disease, Ashley Harmon

Nursing Capstones

No abstract provided.

Fear Conditioning And Extinction In Youth With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Joseph F. Mcguire, Scott P. Orr, Monica S. Wu, Adam B. Lewin, Brent J. Small, Vicky Phares, Tanya K. Murphy, Sabine Wilhelm, Daniel S. Pine, Daniel Geller, Eric A. Storch

Psychology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Fear acquisition and extinction are central constructs in the cognitive-behavioral model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which underlies exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Youth with OCD may have impairments in fear acquisition and extinction that carry treatment implications. We examined these processes using a differential conditioning procedure.

METHODS: Forty-one youth (19 OCD, 22 community comparisons) completed a battery of clinical interviews, rating scales, and a differential conditioning task that included habituation, acquisition, and extinction phases. Skin conductance response (SCR) served as the primary dependent measure.

RESULTS: During habituation, no difference between groups was observed. During acquisition, differential fear conditioning was observed …

Use Of Concomitant Antibiotics During Treatment For Clostridium Difficile Infection (Cdi) In Pediatric Inpatients: An Observational Cohort Study., Vanessa W. Stevens, Cary Thurm, Elyse M. Schwab, Matthew P. Kronman, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Samir S. Shah, Jason G. Newland, Joshua Courter, Sarah Parker, Thomas V. Brogan, Adam L. Hersh

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Concomitant antibiotic use during treatment for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) increases the risk of recurrence. Across a network of children's hospitals, 46% of patients treated for CDI received concomitant antibiotics for a median of 7 days. Concomitant antibiotic use was more common among patients with malignancies, and solid organ or bone marrow transplant. Unnecessary concomitant antibiotic use in CDI patients is a potential target for pediatric antimicrobial stewardship.

The Economic Burden Attributable To A Child’S Inpatient Admission For Diarrheal Disease In Rwanda, Fidele Ngabo, Mercy Mvundura, Lauren Gazley, Maurice Gatera, Celse Rugambwa, Eugene Kayonga, Yvette Tuyishme, Jeanne Niyibaho, Jason M. Mwenda, Philippe Donnen, Philippe Lepage, Agnes Binagwaho, Deborah Atherly

Dartmouth Scholarship

Backround:

Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Hospitalization for diarrhea can pose a significant burden to health systems and households. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic burden attributable to hospitalization for diarrhea among children less than five years old in Rwanda. These data can be used by decision-makers to assess the impact of interventions that reduce diarrhea morbidity, including rotavirus vaccine introduction.

Methods:

This was a prospective costing study where medical records and hospital bills for children admitted with diarrhea at three hospitals were collected to estimate resource use and …

The Reply, Erin Grinshteyn, David Hemenway

Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research and Publications

The Reply. A letter to the editor in The American Journal of Medicine, Volume 129, Issue 8, 2016, Page e143 regarding Unintentional firearm deaths among children in the United States.

The Impact Of Foster Care On Depression: An Examination Of Placement Type And Mental Health Service Utilization Among Children And Adolescents, Kisha Cummings

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Background: Children and adolescents in foster care with a history of complex trauma such as neglect, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse have a greater odds of being clinically diagnosed with depression in adulthood compared to children and adolescents without such a history. The current study examines the prevalence of depression in a national sample of children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years. This study asks whether a) foster care is associated with a greater prevalence of depression among children and adolescents in foster care compared to children and adolescents not in foster care; b) there is an association between …

Project Energize: Intervention Development And 10 Years Of Progress In Preventing Childhood Obesity Public Health, Elaine Rush, Carolyn Cairncross, Margaret Hinepo Williams, Marilyn Tseng, Tara Coppinger, Steph Mclennan, Kasha Latimer

Publications

Prevention of childhood obesity is a global priority. The school setting offers access to large numbers of children and the ability to provide supportive environments for quality physical activity and nutrition. This article describes Project Energize, a through-school physical activity and nutrition programme that celebrated its 10-year anniversary in 2015 so that it might serve as a model for similar practices, initiatives and policies elsewhere. The programme was envisaged and financed by the Waikato District Health Board of New Zealand in 2004 and delivered by Sport Waikato to 124 primary schools as a randomised controlled trial from 2005 to 2006. …

The Relationship Between Foot Arch Measurements And Walking Parameters In Children, Simone V. Gill, Sara Keimig, Damian Kelty-Stephen, Ya-Ching Hung, Jeremy M. Desilva

Publications and Research

Background: Walking mechanics are influenced by body morphology. Foot arch height is one aspect of body morphology central to walking. However, generalizations about the relationship between arch height and walking are limited due to previous methodologies used for measuring the arch and the populations that have been studied. To gain the knowledge needed to support healthy gait in children and adults, we need to understand this relationship in unimpaired, typically developing children and adults using dynamic measures. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between arch height and gait in a sample of healthy children …

Genomic Diversity Of Epec Associated With Clinical Presentations Of Differing Severity, Tracy H. Hazen, Michael S. Donnenberg, Sandra Panchalingam, Martin Antonio, Anowar Hossain, Inacio Mandomando, John Benjamin Ochieng, Shahida Qureshi, Farheen Quadri, Anita K. M. Zaidi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are diarrhoeagenic E. coli, and are a significant cause of gastrointestinal illness among young children in developing countries. Typical EPEC are identified by the presence of the bundle-forming pilus encoded by a virulence plasmid, which has been linked to an increased severity of illness, while atypical EPEC lack this feature. Comparative genomics of 70 total EPEC from lethal (LI), non-lethal symptomatic (NSI) or asymptomatic (AI) cases of diarrhoeal illness in children enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study was used to investigate the genomic differences in EPEC isolates obtained from individuals with various clinical outcomes. A …

A Novel Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay For Serogroup Identification Of Neisseria Meningitidis In Cerebrospinal Fluid, Dokyung Lee, Eun Jin Kim, Paul E. Kilgore, Hideyuki Takahashi, Jun Tomono, Shigehiko Miyamoto, Daisuke Omagari, Dong Wook Kim, Mitsuko Seki

Department of Pharmacy Practice

We have developed a novel Neisseria meningitidis serogroup-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for six of the most common meningococcal serogroups (A, B, C, W, X, and Y). The assay was evaluated using a set of 31 meningococcal LAMP assay positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 1574 children with suspected meningitis identified in prospective surveillance between 1998 and 2002 in Vietnam, China, and Korea. Primer specificity was validated using 15 N. meningitidis strains (including serogroups A, B, C, E, W, X, Y, and Z) and 19 non-N. meningitidis species. The N. meningitidis serogroup LAMP detected down to ten copies …

Sensitization To Food And Inhalant Allergens In Healthy Children In Van, East Turkey, Mehmet Parlak, Ayteki̇n Çikman, Yasemi̇n Bayram, Nesri̇n Ceylan, Ulaş Çalişir, Mustafa Berktaş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the most frequent food and inhalant allergens leading to allergic sensitization in children in Van Province of Turkey. Materials and methods: The study included 1052 serum samples with no diagnosis of allergy. The sera were tested with the Euroline Pediatric IgE test kit (EUROIMMUN, Germany). By using the EUROLineScan digital evaluation system, the intensity of bands was calculated with enzyme allergosorbent test classification. Results: Out of the 1052 tested sera, 143 were found to be cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant-positive and were discarded from the study. Of the remaining 909 sera, 513 (56%) …

Physical Activity And Physical Fitness In Obese, Overweight, And Normal-Weight Children, Juozas Raistenskis, Aurelija Sidlauskiene, Birute Strukcinskiene, Serpi̇l Uğur Baysal, Raimondas Buckus

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim was to assess the differences between physical activity and physical fitness in obese, overweight, and normal-weight children. Materials and methods: The cross-sectional study was accomplished using cluster sampling method at 3 Lithuanian schools. An analysis of anthropometric data for 532 Lithuanian children was performed. Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and skinfold thickness were measured. Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage were calculated. The Youth Physical Activity Questionnaire and a 6-min walk test (6MWT) were administered to evaluate physical activity and physical fitness. Maximal oxygen consumption was calculated to assess the children's aerobic capacity. …

Zurvan, Zurvan, Tsos

TSOS Interview Gallery

Zurvan and his family had a good life in Afghanistan. He worked as a clerk in a spice shop. After doing business with a foreign company, the Taliban threatened him with death. To escape this threat, he and his family escaped to Iran and hired a smuggler to get them to Turkey. From there, they traveled to Greece in an overloaded boat. They have been living in a camp in Greece, stuck in limbo, ever since. Zurvan feels hopeless, like everyone in the camp is being treated in an inhumane manner. He also feels guilty for bringing his children into …

Adhd And Attention Problems In Children With And Without Spina Bifida, Rachel M. Wasserman, Alison M. Stoner, Alexa Stern, Grayson N. Holmbeck

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Objectives: To identify differences in the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) between typically developing children and children with spina bifida. Method: Sixty-eight children with spina bifida and 68 demographically matched, typically developing children participated in a larger, longitudinal study. Rates of maternal, paternal, and teacher reports of attention problems, as well as rates of maternal reports of ADHD diagnosis, diagnosing provider, pharmaceutical treatment, mental health treatment, and academic accommodations were obtained at 5 time points over a period of 8 years and were compared across groups. Results: Children with spina bifida were more likely to have an …

Strengthening Community-Based Services For Children And Families Affected By Hiv: An Evaluation Of The Zambia Family Program, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

As the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) pivots its focus to care and treatment, there is strong interest in learning to what extent community-based programs contribute to achieving the public health goals of getting people—including children and adolescents—tested, enrolled in care if infected, and adherent to treatment. This brief describes Project SOAR’s evaluation of the Zambia Family (ZAMFAM) program, which will generate critical evidence to help fill knowledge gaps. The evidence will also guide country and global decisionmakers in strengthening community-based services to better meet the care, support, and treatment needs of vulnerable children and their families.

Challenges Facing East Asian Immigrant Children In Sexual Abuse Cases, Kim Roberts, Hongyuan Qi, Huan Zhang

Psychology Faculty Publications

Immigrants from East Asia make up 14.21% of the total number of immigrants in Canada. These families face many challenges as they acculturate to North America but, sadly, some of these children may be at risk for sexual abuse. In this position paper, we outline the ways in which East Asian children are at a particular disadvantage when considering prosecution of those who perpetrate abuse compared to Western non-immigrant children. We focus specifically on two areas of concern: 1) Cultural differences that can impact the disclosure of sexual abuse; and, 2) Language differences which reduce the chances that perpetrators will …

Diabetes Interaction Study: Communicating Understanding And Social Support, Dana K. May

Wayne State University Dissertations

The current study evaluated a brief individualized feedback intervention developed to improve communication style of parents with an adolescent with type 1 diabetes. Seventy-nine parent-adolescent dyads (13-18 years) were randomized to receive a single session of brief feedback to target parental person-centered communication skills (n = 39) or to receive an educational comparison group (n = 40). Families were asked to discuss a diabetes related problem. A clinician concurrently rated the parent’s communication skills to identify communication strengths and weaknesses. Parents in the feedback group received feedback on their use of person-centered communication during the conversation using motivational interviewing techniques. …

Immigrants And Refugees As Vulnerable Populations: Considerations For School Based Health Centers, Gaïa D. C. Oliver

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

School based health centers (SBHC) have been shown to benefit domestic populations both in terms of bettering health and bettering academics while being effective over the long term. There is, however, lacking evidence on how they impact immigrant and refugee communities, which are some of the most vulnerable United States communities in terms of health risks. Through discussion of literature, this paper defines and reviews the criteria for vulnerable populations and explains how this term applies to immigrant and refugee populations. School based health centers and their documented health and academic benefits for domestic high risk populations are discussed and …

A Guide For Occupational Therapy Professionals Using "Budding" Occupational Therapy Strategies: A Nature Approach, Jessie R. Gentz

MOT Student Capstones

The purpose of"Budding" Occupational Therapy Strategies: A Nature Approach was to develop a guide with sample activities and explanations to better understand why and how nature works. The guide provides a sample of nature based activities for occupational therapists working with children with sensory processing disorders to better understand how simple it is to incorporate natural materials and natural environments into treatment sessions to improve a child's occupational performance. The activities integrate plants, animals, the outdoors and everyday materials into treatment planning to improve performance skills by addressing the various components of the occupational therapy practice framework (OTPF). The guide …

Emal, Emal, Tsos

TSOS Interview Gallery

Emal was a gate security guard in the Afghan army and a supplier for American forces at the airport. Before leaving Afghanistan, Emal was kidnapped by Daesh, beaten, thrown into a pile of bodies, and left for dead. He woke up weeks later in hospital with adent in his skull, brain damage, and mental/emotional problems. When he was able, Emal fled with his wife and six kids, but they travelled with smugglers in separate cars and got separated. Iran police deported his wife and children back to Afghanistan. Emal continued on and eventually made his way to Oinofyta refugee camp …

The Africa Regional Sgbv Network Learning Brief Series: Learning Updates From Swaziland (Brief #3), Population Council

Reproductive Health

Nearly half of girls aged 13–24 in Swaziland suffer some form of sexual violence, according to the country’s 2007 Violence Against Children (VAC) survey. About 10 percent of girls reported experiencing sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in school in particular. The Swaziland Action Group Against Abuse (SWAGAA) is recognized as Swaziland’s leading SGBV prevention, response, and advocacy organization. This Learning Brief describes how SWAGAA is tackling SGBV in schools in three different ways: 1) helping girls take more control of their school experience through a new self-efficacy module in the Girls’ Empowerment Clubs; 2) encouraging girls, and giving them the …

Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis In 49 Pediatric Patients With Normal Immunity, Hasan Tezer, Sali̇ha Kanik Yüksek, Belgi̇n Gülhan, Asli Nur Özkaya Parlakay, Ceyda Tuna Kirsaçlioğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) hepatitis is generally asymptomatic or rarely can lead to severe complications in immunocompetent hosts. This study aims to evaluate CMV hepatitis in immunocompetent young children, which is discussed relatively rarely in the literature. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of 49 pediatric patients with CMV hepatitis from January 2005 to December 2010 was performed. Results: The median age of the patients was 5.81 ± 6.49 months and 57.1% were female. Complaints were prolonged jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal distension. Seventeen patients (34.6%) had congenital or probable congenital CMV infection, while 32/49 (65.3%) had perinatal CMV infection. CMV …

Applying The International Classification Of Functioning, Disability, And Health In Children With Low Vision: Differences Between Raters, Feri̇de Yarar, Uğur Cavlak, Bi̇lge Başakci Çalik

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study was conducted to analyze the agreement between International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) raters and to show its applicability in children with low vision. Materials and methods: Twenty children (mean age: 11.70 ± 1.92 years) were included. To evaluate the independency of the sample, the Northwick Park Activities Daily Living questionnaire was used. The Low Vision Quality of Life Scale was used to evaluate quality of life. An ICF core set was developed to be used in this study. The core set consisted of 13 items for body functions, 3 items for body structures, 36 …