Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Barriers: Location, Functionality, And Method Of Access In Childhood Pool/Spa Submersion Incidents, United States, 2000-2017, Alison Miller, Kristina R. Anderson, William D. Ramos

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Drowning is a leading cause of fatality among children in the United States, and residential pools/spas currently account for as much as 80% of these submersion incidents. This study reviewed narrative case reports obtained from the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to understand barrier location, type, and functionality as methods of pool/spa access for childhood submersion incidents. Retroactive analysis of 1,523 fatal and non-fatal submersion incidents among children aged 13 years old and younger was conducted using the CPSC in depth investigation dataset from 2000-2017. Narrative descriptions were coded according to the attributes of barrier location, functionality, and …

Paediatric Physical Activity And Health: Moving Towards A Measure Of Quality, Cain C.T. Clark, Claire M. Barnes

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

It is clear that physical activity, holistically, is linked with several positive factors through the life course. There exists a large evidence base for physical activity quantity, yet there has been little integration of physical activity qualities, and whilst qualityis a nebulous term, recent developments in literature suggest it may be a viable measure in the characterisation of physical activity. The purpose of the study was to comprehensively review the development towards a measure of physical activity quality.‪A review of literature was conducted using online databases: Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. A narrative review was subsequently prepared on …

Changes In Body Composition Of Children Aged Of 9 To 12 Years With Excess Body Weight Under The Influenceof Eight-Week Workout, Tomasz Dudziak, Zbigniew Czubek, Mirosław Grabowski, Robert Urbanski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background:‪The increasing problem of overweight and obesity in children is the reason for taking further actions leading to mass reduction, because, in contrast to adults, the consequences of this pathology in young people are still not well known. The intervention actions that can lead to reduction in mass are not easy to find in literature, and their long-term effects are unknown. The aim of this research was to define the changes in body composition of children with excess body mass after eight-week high intensity workout.Material and methods:‪The study was conducted on 47 children aged 9‒12 years who were overweight or …

Assessment Of The Impact Of One-Year Training In Acrobatic Rock’N’Roll On Overall Motor Coordination In Eight-Year-Old Children, Robert Walaszek, Tomasz Nosal

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The purpose of the research was to assess the level of overall motor coordination in children practising sport dance – namely, acrobatic rock’n’roll – against the background of their peers who did not dance. The evaluation also included the lateral differentiation of overall motor coordination and skills of kinaesthetic movement differentiation. Material/Methods: The research was conducted in a group of 64 persons aged eight. The research group consisted of thirty children who had practised acrobatic rock’n’roll for a year. The clinical control group was formed by nineteen schoolgirls and fifteen schoolboys who did not practise any sport dance. The …

Risk Factors For Disagreement Between Self And Proxy Reports On Physical Activity Of Children And Young Adolescents, Aleksander Galas, Marzena Florek

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The study was conducted during the 2012 UEFA European Football Championships between 8 and 19 June. It aimed at longitudinal investigation into the dynamics of Polish fans’ emotions related to the performance of their national football team. Special focus was laid on investigating the evaluation of organizational preparedness to the tournament as a broader context for sport events, and relating it to fans’ emotions. Material/Methods: Over 700 individuals took part in 3 waves of the study which corresponded to Polish team’s games in the group stage of the tournament. Participants were contacted immediately after the final whistles, receiving e-mails …

Functional Conditions Of Three-Dimensional Correction Of Side Curvatures Of The Spine, Andrzej Suchanowski, Andrzej Stolarz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: This paper sets out to present theoretical and methodological premises for the therapeutic mode of conduct which utilizes FED and PNF improvement methods complemented by introduction of correctional re-education basing on the biofeedback mechanism. Material/Methods: Authors develop and present an original mode of treatment of children with the SCS, which can be divided into the following stages and targets: 1. Elimination of biomechanical pathologies of the passive stabilizing. 2. Restoration of the structure and function of local muscles and balance among muscles from the first and second reference arrangement and structures around the spine, both on the concave and …

The Somatic Physique Versus The Sports Result Of Tennis Players Of The Pupils’ Sports Club “Return” Lomza, Poland, Kazimierz Kochanowicz, Tomasz Waldzinski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Individuals who take up professional sport must comply with requirements dependent on the character of the discipline. The requirements refer to motor skills, mental state and somatic physique. A lot of authors claim that somatic physique in tennis is a factor which helps to achieve the highest sports results. Superiority of arms range in the attacking zone makes a game easier for tall players who are more effective in offensive actions as well. The purpose of the research was to estimate the somatic physique of children and youth who play tennis in the Pupils’ Sports Club “Return” Lomza. Material/Methods: …

Methods To Encourage Healthy Eating In Children: Review Of Current Findings, Reda Moceviciene, Apolinaras Zaborskis

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Healthy eating, especially fruit and vegetable consumption, is a major contributor to the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. The multiple benefits of healthy food and nutrition in childhood and adolescence reinforce the need for studies encouraging young people to healthy nutrition. The present review increases understanding of what methods (interventions) should be performed to encourage healthy eating in children and adolescents. Material/Methods: A scientific literature review of Medline (Pubmed) database was performed, a total of 615 publications were found. Of these, only 15 papers were selected for the analysis. Results: The multi-component interventions (encouraging of fruit and vegetable consumption …

Physical Activity, Academic Performance And Cognition In Children And Adolescents. A Systematic Review, Eero Hapala

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

A literature review was conducted to investigate the effect of physical exercise and physical training on cognition and academic performance in children and adolescents. Nine randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials with 2,013 participants were identified by employing the following data sources: the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Eric, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and ISI Web of Knowledge. Five studies indicated positive effects of physical exercise on attention, concentration, and working memory, and three studies reported positive effects of 14 to 64 week physical training on language and arithmetic skills. Thus, there is some evidence that physical exercise may facilitate cognitive functions …

The Level Of Physical Development And Physical Fitness In 6–7-Year-Old Children From School And Pre-School Institutions In Gdansk, Malgorzata Resiak, Aleksandra Resiak

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Interest in the development of a 6-7-year-old child derives among other things from the necessity to evaluate child’s readiness to take up a regular educational process. Physical development and physical fitness of the child are components of school maturity. The purpose of the study was to show similarities and differences in the level of physical development and fitness of children attending school and pre-school institutions in the years 2005-2009 in Gdansk. Material/Methods: 15,578 children (8,006 boys and 7,572 girls) from Gdansk were subject to research in the years 2005-2009. The measurements of the height, body mass and 5 skin …

The Effect Of The Cluster Randomized Hippa Intervention On Childcare Children’S Overall Physical Activity, Marjo Anette Mehtala, Arja Saakslahti, Anne Soini, Tuija Tammelin, Janne Kulmala, Jari Villberg, Kari Nissinen, Marita Poskiparta

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The effect of the cluster randomized Home- and childcare-based Intervention to Promote Physical Activity (HIPPA) intervention on the everyday physical activity (PA) of children between the ages of 4 to 5 years was evaluated. Fourteen childcare centers with 102 children born in 2007 and their families participated in the study. HIPPA was implemented over a single preschool year in seven childcare centers while seven other centers continued their normal care (control group, CG). The PA levels of children were assessed by accelerometers six times every six months during two and a half years of research. Valid PA data were obtained …

Fundamental Movement Skills Of Six- To Seven-Year-Old Children In The First Grade Of Elementary School: A Pilot Study, Marcin Korbecki, Sara Wawrzyniak, Andrzej Rokita

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The aim of the study was to determine fundamental movement skills of elementary school first-graders and to seek whether fundamental movement skills correlate with the pupils’ age and gender. The study involved students in the first grade of elementary school in Krosno. The study was conducted at the beginning of the 2015/2016 school year. A total of 98 pupils (43 girls and 55 boys) aged six and seven were tested, using the Test of Gross Motor Development – 2nd Edition. The study showed that the results of fundamental movement skills depend on the children’s age and gender. Older girls achieved …

Obesity And Overweight Among Children And Adolescents In The Light Of Health Education Principles, Adam Wiek, Katarzyna Tkacz, Waclaw Mozolewski, Malgorzata E. Kusmierczyk, Sylwester Rybaczek

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Pedagogical and educational institutions play an important role in health education. The proposed systemic principles should account for biological, environmental and cultural factors that determine the health of children and adolescents. Young people’s individual needs should constitute the framework of educational policy in the prevention of obesity and overweight. An analysis of health education practice in the Polish educational system indicates that the adopted measures, their practical applications and educational goals are adequate. Despite the above, the proposed systemic solutions are not always deployed or correctly implemented by the responsible institutions at various levels of local or social governance. The …

The Positive Role Of Kinesio Taping In Adjunctive Therapy Of Static Plano-Valgusfeet In Children Between The Ages Of 5 And 7, Agnieszka Straczynska, Jacek Kruczynski, Agnieszka Radziminska, Magdalena Weber-Rajek, Ewelina Lulinska-Kuklik, Aleksander Goch

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Kinesio taping (KT) might be of substantial value as far as adjunctive therapy of flat foot correction in children is concerned. The study’s prime aim is to evaluate the role of KT in terms of static plano-valgus foot therapy in children. The study involved 120 children aged 5 to 7. Parameter calculations determining the shape of foot were performed on the electronic podoscope before and after the therapy, and after the subsequent 4 months in order to evaluate the permanence of the therapy result. Statistical analysis revealed that the study period considerably influenced the change of parameters which determine the …

Muscle Bloodflow As An Indicator Of Anaerobic Threshold In Young Athletes – A Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study, Maciej Chroboczek, Magdalena Jakubowska, Sylwester Kujach, Marcin Luszczyk, Radoslaw Laskowski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: In this study we evaluated the effect of exercise with increasing intensity until exhaustion on muscle tissue oxygenation in children. Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis that a decrease in muscle indirect blood flow (O2Hb) predicts the anaerobic threshold determined by analysis of ventilation parameters. Material/Methods: Five, young, school-aged tennis players were engaged in this study (age 16.2 ±1.63 years, VO2max 56.7 ±2.00 ml · kg-1 · min-1). Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHB), blood volume (tHb = HbO2 + HHB) and muscle tissue oxygenation (TOI%) in the right vastus lateralis muscle, using a near-infrared spectrometer were recorded. …

Changes In The Prevalence Of Excessive And Deficient Body Weight Among Pomeranian Youth In The Years 1979, 1989, And 1999, Anna Lysak, Janusz Dobosz, Jozef Drabik

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The analysis presented in this paper aimed to identify trends in the prevalence of the two extremes of body fat disorders over a period of 20 years (1979–1999) and to form a comparative basis for further studies of physical development of the youth of the Pomerania region. Material/Methods: The study population consisted of 23,854 boys and girls aged 7 to 18 years attending schools in rural and urban areas in the Pomerania administrative region. An overweight and underweight population was identified based on the body mass index (BMI) according to WHO, CDC and the Mother and Child Institute recommendations. …

The Examination Of Some Anthropometric And Motoric Characteristics Of Students Aged Eight Years According To Their Maturation Level, Erdal Ari, Gökhan Deliceoglu

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Maturation is an important factor for exercise. The maturation effect on some anthropometric and motoric characteristics of students aged eight years was examined in this study. Material and methods: 535 primary education students voluntarily participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, sitting height, stroke length, stroke rate, leg length and body mass index), flexibility, handgrip strength, vertical jump (squat and countermovement jump), tapping (skipping) test parameters (step frequency, flight times and contact times to ground of right and left foot, step/speed ratio), postural sway (anterior-posterior, medial lateral and total postural sway), visual reaction and reaction time, 20 meters …

Epigenetic Impact Of The Parents' Physical Activity On The Health Of Their Children, Agnieszka Boron

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

All parents’ dream is to have healthy children. The question whether the parents' lifestyle affects the quality of their progeny's health has been bothering scientists and society for many years. Based on epidemiological studies, it has been shown that physical activity during pregnancy is beneficial both for the health of the mother and the newborn. A significant number of studies conducted so far have shown that exercises performed by fathers modulate future generations by affecting the sperm epigenome. Epigenetics plays a key role in transmitting the response of the parents' environment and their lifestyle onto the characteristics and health of …

School Injuries And Their Prevention From The Present Perspective, Václav Beranek, Petr Stastny, Vit Novacek

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: ‪Injuries are considered worldwide to be the most significant health problem, especially in childhood. In the Czech Republic, injuries are the most common cause of death among children and young adults. The aim of the study was to provide more insight in school accidents in the Czech Republic from 2008 to 2018 and to estimate future trends. Material and methods: ‪Annual reports of the Czech School Inspectorate (CSI) from 2007 to 2017 were the main sources of data. Results: ‪A high number of injuries occur in the school environment, especially at the primary level. In the Czech Republic, there …

Sport And Physical Activity During The First 10 Years Of Life In Ireland And The Uk, Kristy Howells, Tara Coppinger

Pre-prints

This chapter considers the many similarities within the educational experiences of the young children in sport and physical activity (PA) in Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK). PA has, in both countries, had an increased focus on its value and importance within children’s lives, a time of habit development. Public Health England (2014) reported that one in six deaths in the UK are due to lack of PA in adults, making it as dangerous as smoking. Healthy Ireland is the national framework for action to improve the health and wellbeing of the people of Ireland. The national guidelines for 2- …

Impact Of A Summer Nutrition And Physical Activity Intervention To Attenuate Obesity In Urban African-American Youth, Jermaine B. Mitchell, Antonio J. Gardner, Zachary Wahl-Alexander, Ben Schwamberger, Douglas Craddock Jr., Carol N. Agomo, Myia C. Lang

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Improved eating behaviors and daily participation in physical activity such as swimming might abate the likelihood of African American youth becoming obese. Yet many African American youth neither consume the recommended daily servings of nutritious foods nor know how to swim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a culturally tailored multicomponent summer intervention to reduce obesity and unintentional drownings among underserved African American youth. Children (n = 145) participated in a three-hour, community-based intervention for four weeks. Measures of children’s attitudes perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms toward swimming, nutrition, and physical fitness were …

Resistance Training And Milk-Substitution Enhance Body Composition And Bone Health In Adolescent Girls, Ana L. Gomez, William J. Kraemer, Carl M. Maresh, Elaine C. Lee, Tunde K. Szivak, Lydia K. Caldwell, Emily M. Post, Matthew K. Beeler, Jeff S. Volek

Health and Sport Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Background: Increased soft-drink consumption has contributed to poor calcium intake with 90% of adolescent girls consuming less than the RDA for calcium.

Purpose/objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the independent and additive effects of two interventions (milk and resistance training) on nutrient adequacy, body composition, and bone health in adolescent girls.

Methods: The experimental design consisted of four experimental groups of adolescent girls 14–17 years of age: (1) Milk + resistance training [MRT]; n = 15; (2) Resistance training only [RT]; n = 15; (3) Milk only [M] n = 20; (4) Control [C] n = 16. …

Transformation Leadership And Youth Development Soccer Coaches: Behaviors That Enhance Coaching Performance, Diego Barros Dos Santos

Leadership Education Capstones

This quantitative study investigated the potential relationship between youth development soccer coaching style and transformational leadership behaviors. An anonymous survey was the source of data for this study. Participants responses were categorized into the four factors of transformational leadership which include (1) intellectual stimulation, (2) inspirational motivation, (3) idealized influence, and (4) individualized considerations. Recommendations for future research encompass expanding the demographics, sample size and field observations. Additionally, further research could include a contrast and comparison between coaches perspective x athletes perspective about transformational leadership behaviors. Furthermore, transformational leadership workshop and post survey intervention might expose how coaches leadership style …

Effectiveness Of An Intensive Drowning Prevention Program And Skills Retention By Children With And Without Disabilities, Anna L. Forde Otd, Otr/L, Ctrs, Emily A. Zeman Otd, Ms, Otr/L, Lynn Clarke

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

This study examined the effectiveness of a drowning prevention program and the retention of swimming and water safety skills for 3-14 year-old children with and without disabilities. The intensive program, SWIM Central, used a top-down approach to teach 6 swimming and water safety skills during 10, 30-minute sessions. A post-participation parent survey results suggested that children ages 3-14 with and without disabilities who had previously participated in SWIM Central retained swimming and water safety skills to a similar degree. The current swim skill assessments showed that there was not an overall difference in swim skill performance in the presence of …

Musical Shoes Shine A New Light On The Clinical World, Emma Madonna

Transformations: Presentation Slides

This study focused on the application of a unique technology designed originally to supply biofeedback to dancers, but in this case was used to assist a child learning to walk while battling the effects of Cerebral Palsy. The music shoes, called “Electroskip”, utilize a biofeedback system that generates different sounds/beats/songs when an individual is walking and placing pressure on their heel or toe. The study lasted six weeks with 2 sessions per week. While the Electroskip technology was worn for each session, it was only activated every other session. Data indicated that at the end of the study the child …

Neural Bases Of Phonological And Semantic Processing In Early Childhood, Avantika Mathur, Douglas H. Schultz, Yingying Wang Dr.

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty and Staff Publications

During the early period of reading development, children gain phonological (letter-to-sound mapping) and semantic knowledge (storage and retrieval of word meaning). Their reading ability changes rapidly, accompanied by learning-induced brain plasticity as they learn to read. This study aims at identifying the neural bases of phonological and semantic processing in early childhood by using a combination of univariate and multivariate pattern analysis. Nineteen typically developing children between the age of five and seven performed visual word-level phonological (rhyming) and semantic (related meaning) judgment tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Our multivariate analysis showed that young children with good reading …

Exercise And Autism Spectrum Disorder, Savannah Hollifield, Karlee Moore

EXSI 432/532: Research Methods in Exercise Science: Research Proposal Posters

No abstract provided.

Examining The Perceived Impacts Of Recreational Swimming Lessons For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Erin Kraft M.A. Ed.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived impacts of recreational swimming lesson participation for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Although swimming lessons are a suitable form of physical activity for children with ASD, minimal research has examined the impacts of these lessons. The author conducted semi-structured interviews with an Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) certified therapist and a swim instructor, each with experience working with children with ASD in swimming lessons. The participants suggested that swimming lessons encouraged children with ASD to socialise. Both participants agreed that distractions in swimming lessons and barriers in communication created challenges …

The Association Between Health-Related Fitness And Physical Activity During Weekdays: Do Fit Students Exercise More After School?, Dehong Yang, Xihe Zhu, Justin A. Haegele, Patrick B. Wilson, Xueping Wu

Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications

Physically active students are more likely to be fit and learn better in school than sedentary ones. For school-aged children, it is unclear whether physical fitness level is an important determinant for student's activity afterschool. This study examined the association between health-related physical fitness test performance and afterschool physical activity during weekdays. Participants (n = 97, 11-13 years old) completed health-related fitness tests. They wore Actigraph GT3X accelerometers for five consecutive days, recording physical activity participation during after school hours. Descriptive statistics for both afterschool physical activity and health-related fitness were summarized. Regression analyses were conducted to determine the association …

The Effect Of Tackling Training On Head Accelerations In Youth American Football, Eric Schussler, Richard J. Jagacinski, Susan E. White, Ajit M. Chaudhari, John A. Buford, James A. Onate

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Many organizations have introduced frameworks to reduce the incidence of football related concussions through proper equipment fitting, coach education, and alteration of tackling technique.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training in a vertical, head up tackling style on the number of head accelerations experienced while tackling in a controlled laboratory situation. The authors hypothesized that training in a head up tackling technique would reduce the severity of head acceleration experienced by participants.

Design: Controlled Laboratory Study.

Methods: Twenty-four participants (11.5 ± 0.6 years old, 60.5 ± 2.2 in, 110 ± 18.4 lbs.) …