Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation (Eus-Rfa) For Advanced Pancreatic And Periampullary Adenocarcinoma, Nirav Thosani, Putao Cen, Julie Rowe, Sushovan Guha, Jennifer M Bailey-Lundberg, Dimpal Bhakta, Prithvi Patil, Curtis J Wray

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Long term prognosis and 5-year survival for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains suboptimal. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided RFA (EUS-RFA) is an emerging technology and limited data exist regarding safety and long-term outcomes. The aim of this study is to report safety-profile, feasibility and outcomes of EUS-RFA for advanced PDAC. Prospective review of patients with diagnosis of locally-advanced or metastatic PDAC undergoing EUS-RFA between October 2016 to March 2018 with long-term follow up (> 30 months). Study patients underwent a total of 1-4 RFA sessions. All patients were enrolled in longitudinal cohort study and received standard of care chemotherapy. 10 patients underwent …

Brain Metastases: A Society For Neuro-Oncology (Sno) Consensus Review On Current Management And Future Directions, Ayal A Aizer, Nayan Lamba, Manmeet S Ahluwalia, Kenneth Aldape, Adrienne Boire, Priscilla K Brastianos, Paul D Brown, D Ross Camidge, Veronica L Chiang, Michael A Davies, Leland S Hu, Raymond Y Huang, Timothy Kaufmann, Priya Kumthekar, Keng Lam, Eudocia Q Lee, Nancy U Lin, Minesh Mehta, Michael Parsons, David A Reardon, Jason Sheehan, Riccardo Soffietti, Hussein Tawbi, Michael Weller, Patrick Y Wen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Brain metastases occur commonly in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Yet, less is known about brain metastases than cancer-related entities of similar incidence. Advances in oncologic care have heightened the importance of intracranial management. Here, in this consensus review supported by the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO), we review the landscape of brain metastases with particular attention to management approaches and ongoing efforts with potential to shape future paradigms of care. Each coauthor carried an area of expertise within the field of brain metastases and initially composed, edited, or reviewed their specific subsection of interest. After each subsection was accordingly written, …

Classification Of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Using Tumor Morphologic Characteristics, Katelyn F Handley, Travis T Sims, Nicholas W Bateman, Deanna Glassman, Katherine I Foster, Sanghoon Lee, Jun Yao, Hui Yao, Bryan M Fellman, Jinsong Liu, Zhen Lu, Kelly A Conrads, Brian L Hood, Waleed Barakat, Li Zhao, Jianhua Zhang, Shannon N Westin, Joseph Celestino, Kelly M Rangel, Sunil Badal, Igor Pereira, Prahlad T Ram, George L Maxwell, Livia S Eberlin, P Andrew Futreal, Robert C Bast, Nicole D Fleming, Thomas P Conrads, Anil K Sood

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Despite similar histologic appearance among high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs), clinical observations suggest vast differences in gross appearance. There is currently no systematic framework by which to classify HGSOCs according to their gross morphologic characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and characterize a gross morphologic classification system for HGSOC.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study included patients with suspected advanced-stage ovarian cancer who presented between April 1, 2013, and August 5, 2016, to the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, a large referral center. Patients underwent laparoscopic assessment of disease burden before treatment and received a histopathologic diagnosis of …

Impact Of Treatment Modality On Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Among Uterine Cancer Survivors, David S Lakomy, Alison K Yoder, Juliana Wu, Mike Hernandez, Martins Ayoola-Adeola, Anuja Jhingran, Ann Klopp, Pamela Soliman, Susan K Peterson, Lilie L Lin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Pelvic floor dysfunction is a common adverse effect of uterine cancer treatment. In this study we compared patient-reported outcomes regarding pelvic floor dysfunction among uterine cancer survivors after hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, surgery and brachytherapy, or surgery and external beam radiotherapy with or without brachytherapy versus women who had a hysterectomy for benign indications.

Methods: We used the validated 20-item Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory to assess lower urinary distress, colorectal distress, and pelvic organ prolapse dysfunction in each treatment group. Pelvic floor dysfunction-related quality of life in these domains was compared across treatment modalities using the Pelvic Floor Impact …

Shared Brain And Genetic Architectures Between Mental Health And Physical Activity, Wei Zhang, Sarah E. Paul, Anderson M. Winkler, Ryan Bogdan, Janine D. Bijsterbosch

School of Medicine Publications

Physical activity is correlated with, and effectively treats various forms of psychopathology. However, whether biological correlates of physical activity and psychopathology are shared remains unclear. Here, we examined the extent to which the neural and genetic architecture of physical activity and mental health are shared. Using data from the UK Biobank (N = 6389), we applied canonical correlation analysis to estimate associations between the amplitude and connectivity strength of subnetworks of three major neurocognitive networks (default mode, DMN; salience, SN; central executive networks, CEN) with accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity and self-reported mental health measures (primarily of depression, anxiety …

Effectiveness Of The Ad26.Cov2.S (Johnson & Johnson) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Vaccine For Preventing Covid-19 Hospitalizations And Progression To High Disease Severity In The United States, Nathaniel M Lewis, Hilary M Babcock, Jennie H Kwon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background . Adults in the United States (US) began receiving the adenovirus vector coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson [Janssen]), in February 2021. We evaluated Ad26.COV2.S vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 hospitalization and high disease severity during the first 10 months of its use. Methods . In a multicenter case-control analysis of US adults (≥18 years) hospitalized 11 March to 15 December 2021, we estimated VE against susceptibility to COVID-19 hospitalization (VEs), comparing odds of prior vaccination with a single dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine between hospitalized cases with COVID-19 and controls without COVID-19. Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, …

Socioeconomic Status And Other Factors Associated With Hiv Status Among Ovc In Democratic Republic Of Congo (Drc), Gulzar H. Shah, Gina D. Etheredge, Lievain Maluantesa, Kristie Cason Waterfield, Osaremhen Ikhile, Elodie Engetele, Astrid Mulenga, Alice Tabala, Bernard Bossiky

Health Policy & Community Health: Faculty Publications

Background: Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) are a high-risk group for HIV infection, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose: This study aims to portray the socioeconomic profile of OVC and examine the association of household and parent/guardian characteristics with the HIV status of OVC.

Methods: For this quantitative retrospective study, we obtained data from ICAP/DRC for a total of 1,624 OVC from households enrolled for social, financial, and clinical services between January 2017 and April 2020 in two provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haut-Katanga and Kinshasa. We computed descriptive statistics for OVC and their parents' or guardians' characteristics. We …

Factors Influencing The Use Of Postoperative Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (Bipap) In Patients Undergoing Adult Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Syed Shabbir Ahmed, Muhammad Saad Yousuf, Khalid Samad, Hameed Ullah, Khalid Maudood Siddiqui

Department of Anaesthesia

Background and aims: Respiratory complications are one of the biggest challenges following cardiac surgery, which can lead to hypoxia and acute respiratory failure (ARF). The aim of this study to identify the factors led to BiPAP application for postoperative respiratory complications and its effectiveness as the main outcome measures after cardiac surgery.
Methods: It was a retrospective cohort study with consecutive sampling technique. A total of 335 postcardiac surgery patients medical record was reviewed who were underwent for surgery from November 1, 2018 to November 30, 2019. 265 patients were finalized for the recruitment, five patients were excluded before the …

Employing Respondent Driven Sampling (Rds) To Recruit People Who Inject Drugs (Pwid) And Other Hard-To-Reach Populations During Covid-19: Lessons Learned, Roberto Abadie, Patrick Habecker, Kimberly Gocchi Carrasco, Kathy S. Chiou, Samodha Fernando, Sydney J. Bennett, Aníbal Valentin-Acevedo, Kirk Dombrowski, John T. West, Charles Wood

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) is an effective sampling strategy to recruit hard-to-reach populations but the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of this strategy in the collection of data involving human subjects, particularly among marginalized and vulnerable populations, is not known. Based on an ongoing study using RDS to recruit and study the interactions between HIV infection, injection drug use, and the microbiome in Puerto Rico, this paper explores the effectiveness of RDS during the pandemic and provided potential strategies that could improve recruitment and data collection. Results: RDS was employed to evaluate its effectiveness in recruiting …

Association Of Early Steroid Administration With Outcomes Of Children Hospitalized For Covid-19 Without Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children, Sandeep Tripathi, Meghana Nadiger, Jeremy S Mcgarvey, Aaron A Harthan, Monica Lombardo, Varsha P Gharpure, Nicholas Perkins, Kathleen Chiotos, Imran A Sayed, Erica C Bjornstad, Utpal S Bhalala, Umamaheswara Raju, Aaron S Miller, Heda Dapul, Vicki Montgomery, Karen Boman, Grace M Arteaga, Vikas Bansal, Neha Deo, Aysun Tekin, Ognjen Gajic, Vishakha K Kumar, Rahul Kashyap, Allan J Walkey

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: There is limited evidence for therapeutic options for pediatric COVID-19 outside of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of steroids within 2 days of admission for non-MIS-C COVID-19 in children is associated with hospital length of stay (LOS). The secondary objective was to determine their association with intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, inflammation, and fever defervescence.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study analyzed data retrospectively for children (<18 >years) who required hospitalization for non-MIS-C COVID-19. Data from March 2020 through September 2021 were provided by 58 hospitals in 7 countries who participate …

Covid-19 Pandemic And Infant Neurodevelopmental Impairment: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Kamran Hessami, Amir Hossein Norooznezhad, Sonia Monteiro, Enrico R Barrozo, Abolfazl Shirdel Abdolmaleki, Sara E Arian, Nikan Zargarzadeh, Lara S Shekerdemian, Kjersti M Aagaard, Alireza A Shamshirsaz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Primary studies proposed that aberrant maternal antiviral immunity and/or giving birth in quarantine, such as during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, may be associated with the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in offspring.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the associations of birth and being raised during the COVID-19 pandemic with risk of NDI among infants and to assess the association of gestational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 with risk of NDI.

DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and preprint servers were systematically searched from inception to March 25, 2022.

STUDY SELECTION: Studies evaluating the neurodevelopment of infants born during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic …

Association Between Preexisting Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction And Fluid Administration Among Patients With Sepsis, Rachel E Powell, Jason N Kennedy, Mourad H Senussi, Ian J Barbash, Christopher W Seymour

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Intravenous fluid administration is recommended to improve outcomes for patients with septic shock. However, there are few data on fluid administration for patients with preexisting heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between preexisting HFrEF, guideline-recommended intravenous fluid resuscitation, and mortality among patients with community-acquired sepsis and septic shock.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cohort study was conducted of adult patients hospitalized in an integrated health care system from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2015, with community-acquired sepsis and preexisting assessment of cardiac function. Follow-up occurred through July 1, 2016. Data analyses were …

Synergistic Associations Of Pnpla3 I148m Variant, Alcohol Intake, And Obesity With Risk Of Cirrhosis, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, And Mortality, Hyun-Seok Kim, Xiangjun Xiao, Jinyoung Byun, Goo Jun, Stacia M Desantis, Han Chen, Aaron P Thrift, Hashem B El-Serag, Fasiha Kanwal, Christopher I Amos

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Alcohol drinking and obesity are associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the risk is not uniform among people with these risk factors. Genetic variants, such as I148M in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) gene, may play an important role in modulating cirrhosis and HCC risk.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the joint associations of the PNPLA3 I148M variant, alcohol intake, and obesity with the risk of cirrhosis, HCC, and liver disease-related mortality.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prospective cohort study analyzed 414 209 participants enrolled in the UK Biobank study from March 2006 …

Reprogramming Alveolar Macrophage Responses To Tgf-Β Reveals Ccr2+ Monocyte Activity That Promotes Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome, Zhiyi Liu, Fuyi Liao, Jihong Zhu, Dequan Zhou, Gyu Seong Heo, Hannah P. Leuhmann, Davide Scozzi, Antanisha Parks, Ramsey Hachem, Derek E. Byers, Laneshia K. Tague, Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni, Marlene Cano, Brian W. Wong, Wenjun Li, Daniel Kreisel, Andrew E Gelman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a major impediment to lung transplant survival and is generally resistant to medical therapy. Extracorporeal photophoresis (ECP) is an immunomodulatory therapy that shows promise in stabilizing BOS patients, but its mechanisms of action are unclear. In a mouse lung transplant model, we show that ECP blunts alloimmune responses and inhibits BOS through lowering airway TGF-β bioavailability without altering its expression. Surprisingly, ECP-treated leukocytes were primarily engulfed by alveolar macrophages (AMs), which were reprogrammed to become less responsive to TGF-β and reduce TGF-β bioavailability through secretion of the TGF-β antagonist decorin. In untreated recipients, high airway …

Shared Brain And Genetic Architectures Between Mental Health And Physical Activity, Wei Zhang, Sarah E Paul, Anderson Winkler, Ryan Bogdan, Janine D Bijsterbosch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Physical activity is correlated with, and effectively treats various forms of psychopathology. However, whether biological correlates of physical activity and psychopathology are shared remains unclear. Here, we examined the extent to which the neural and genetic architecture of physical activity and mental health are shared. Using data from the UK Biobank (N = 6389), we applied canonical correlation analysis to estimate associations between the amplitude and connectivity strength of subnetworks of three major neurocognitive networks (default mode, DMN; salience, SN; central executive networks, CEN) with accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity and self-reported mental health measures (primarily of depression, anxiety disorders, …

The Reliability Of The Gnrb® Knee Arthrometer In Measuring Acl Stiffness And Laxity: Implications For Clinical Use And Clinical Trial Design., Kayla M. Smith, Nicole Miller, Steve Laslovich

Physical Therapy Collection

BACKGROUND: Stability of the knee is dependent on multiple factors including integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Greater knee joint laxity appears to negatively affect dynamic joint function and therefore reliable and valid measures of ACL stiffness and laxity are clinically valuable.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the GENOUROB, (GNRB®) knee arthrometer device in measuring both stiffness and laxity of the ACL, and to provide information on sample size calculation for future clinical trials.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional test-retest study.

METHOD: Twelve healthy student participants (age 24-30 years; 6 females and 6 …

Trends, Predictors, And Outcomes Of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation In Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve Related Disease: Insights From The Nationwide Inpatient Sample And Nationwide Readmission Database, Waqas Ullah, Salman Zahid, Hamza Muhammadzai, Fouad Khalil, Arnav Kumar, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Muhammad Zia Khan, Salim S. Virani, David L. Fischman, Pinak Shah

Office of the Provost

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has increasingly been utilized in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) related aortic stenosis (AS) with insufficient large-scale data on its safety.
Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample and Nationwide Readmission Database (2011-2018) were queried to identify patients undergoing TAVI for BAV versus trileaflet aortic valve (TAV) associated AS. The in-hospital, 30- and 180-day odds of outcomes were assessed using a propensity-matched analysis (PSM) to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: A total of 216,723 TAVI (TAV: 214,050 and BAV: 2,673) crude and 5,347 matched population (TAV: 2,674 and …

Monkeypox Outbreak In The Age Of Covid-19: A New Global Health Emergency, Rahim Hirani, Dawood Rashid, Joshua Lewis, Rasheed Hosein-Woodley, Ali Issani

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Diverging Effects Of Adolescent Ethanol Exposure On Tripartite Synaptic Development Across Prefrontal Cortex Subregions, Christopher Douglas Walker, Hannah Gray Sexton, Jentre Hyde, Brittani Greene, Mary-Louise Risher

Biomedical Sciences

Adolescence is a developmental period that encompasses, but is not limited to, puberty and continues into early adulthood. During this period, maturation and refinement are observed across brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which is critical for cognitive function. Adolescence is also a time when excessive alcohol consumption in the form of binge drinking peaks, increasing the risk of long-term cognitive deficits and the risk of developing an alcohol use disorder later in life. Animal models have revealed that adolescent ethanol (EtOH) exposure results in protracted disruption of neuronal function and performance on PFC-dependent tasks that require higher-order …

Gender Harassment In Stem: A Christian Perspective, Jennifer Vanantwerp

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

American Scientific Affiliation CWiS Live! Webinar (Chrisitan Women in Science Interest Group

Dietary Interventions For Gastroparesis: A Systematic Review, Debra Eseonu, Tanya Su, Keya Lee, Bruno P Chumpitazi, Robert J Shulman, Ruben Hernaez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Gastroparesis (Gp) is a delay in gastric emptying in the absence of a mechanical obstruction and has the capacity to cause symptoms that significantly impact a patient's quality of life. Dietary interventions are the first-line treatment in Gp, but the efficacy of different diets is unclear. This systematic review seeks to determine the effectiveness of dietary interventions on clinical outcomes in Gp. A literature search of MEDLINE Ovid from 1 March 2008 to 1 October 2021 was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies that reported dietary interventions in Gp. From the initial search, 2789 studies …

Systemic Amyloidosis Presenting As Adrenal Insufficiency And Multi-Nodular Goiter, Aqsa Khan Md, Emily B. Schroeder Md

Internal Medicine Residency

Poster Presented at ACP Indiana Chapter 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting, October 2022.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old male presented to the Endocrinology clinic after multiple hospital admissions for severe orthostatic hypotension, weight loss, edema and generalized weakness. On physical exam, he was found to have orthostatic hypotension and large goiter.

Perceptions And Utilization Of A Multimedia Teaching Strategy To Prevent Student Nurse Attrition, Lorretta Krautscheid, Pamela Fifer, Rebecca Hernandez, Taryn Blum

Faculty Publications - College of Nursing

Untethered Lecture Capture (ULC) is a teaching method facilitating student classroom engagement while simultaneously creating audiovisual lecture capture (LC) resources. This single-site, convergent parallel mixed-methods study qualitatively described how nursing students with attrition risk factors perceived ULC influenced learning and quantified how such students utilized LC. Study participants (N = 28) reported watching most LC resources (57.1%) and 42.9% watched entire LC videos from start to finish. Qualitative findings produced new evidence about untethered faculty proximity in the classroom and ULC techniques supporting in-class focus and post-class self-paced learning efficiencies. Findings help nurse educators prioritize instructional methods among students with …

Papillary Thyroid Cancer In A Patient With Germline Ttn Mutation, Payal Shukla Md, Ms, Emily B. Schroeder Md

Internal Medicine Residency

Poster Presented at the ACP Indiana Chapter 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting, October 2022.

Case Presentation:

• A 60-year-old male presented with new onset atrial fibrillation and hyperthyroidism.

• His past medical history was significant for germline TTN mutation and recurrent ventricular tachycardia status post implantable cardiac defibrillator placement.

• He had been treated with amiodarone for two and a half years and had stopped the medication eight months prior to presentation.

• Laboratory workup was done (table 1) and an ultrasound of the thyroid gland showed a multinodular goiter with subcentimeter cysts and a right lower lobe nodule.

• A …

"Crypto Syphilis" Cryptogenic Stroke As The Presentation Of Neurosyphilis In Young Adults, Priya Hotwani Md, Matthew Bartock Do, Emily B. Schroeder Md, Munyaradzi Chakabva Md

Internal Medicine Residency

Poster Presented at the ACP Indiana Chapter 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting, October 2022.

Case Presentation: A young adult man in his 30s with a history of tobacco and methamphetamine use presented to the emergency department with a three day history fo aphasia, right sided facial droop and confusion.

Examining The Association Between A Modified Quan Charlson Comorbidity Index (Qcci) And Viral Suppression: A Cross Sectional Analysis Of Dc Cohort Participants, Hasmin C. Ramirez, Lauren O’Connor, Morgan Byrne, Anne Monroe

Epidemiology Faculty Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Clinical Practice Guidelines: The Road Map To Better Care, Mary I. Fisher

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are important tools in translating research evidence into clinical practice as they critically evaluate and summarize the body of evidence on clinical topics. Clinicians can use these studies to quickly survey the current literature base to increase understanding of a clinical diagnosis they make, with the intent of using this information to improve their clinical practice. A well-written systematic review or meta-analysis, with critical evaluation of study quality, is then that Cliffs Note version of what to know and what to do. Therefore, with the proliferation of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, we should see a corresponding …

Arousal/Stress Effects Of “Overwatch” Esports Game Competition In Collegiate Gamers, William J. Kraemer, Lydia K. Caldwell, Emily M. Post, Matthew K. Beeler, Angela Emerson, Jeff S. Volek, Carl M. Maresh, Jennifer S. Fogt, Nick Fogt, Keijo Häkkinen, Robert U. Newton, Pedro Lopez, Barbara N. Sanchez, James A. Onate

Health and Sport Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Kraemer, WJ, Caldwell, LK, Post, EM, Beeler, MK, Emerson, A, Volek, JS, Maresh, CM, Fogt, JS, Fogt, N, Häkkinen, K, Newton, RU, Lopez, P, Sanchez, BN, and Onate, JA. Arousal/stress effects of “Overwatch” eSports game competition in collegiate gamers. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2671–2675, 2022—To date, no physical response data are available for one of the most popular eSport games, Overwatch. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the stress signaling associated with competitive Overwatch play and to understand how acute hormonal responses may affect performance. Thirty-two male college-aged gamers (age: 21.3 ± 2.7 years; estimated time …

Bioassay-Guided Isolation Of Iridoid Glucosides From Stenaria Nigricans, Their Biting Deterrence Against Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), And Repellency Assessment Against Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Fazila Zulfiqar, Abbas Ali, Zulfiqar Ali, Ikhlas A. Khan

Faculty and Student Publications

In our natural product screening program, we screened natural products for their repellency and toxicity against insect vectors. Methanolic extract of aerial parts of Stenaria nigricans (Lam.), with no published chemistry, was tested for repellency against mosquitoes and imported hybrid fire ants. Methanolic extracts showed biting deterrence similar to DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) against Aedes aegypti L. Based on this activity, the crude extract was fractionated into chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol subfractions. The active methanolic subfraction was further fractionated into 13 subfractions. These fractions were tested for their biting deterrence against Ae. Aegypti. Active subfractions were further characterized to identify the …

Synthesis And Inhibitory Activity Of Machaeridiol-Based Novel Anti-Mrsa And Anti-Vre Compounds And Their Profiling For Cancer-Related Signaling Pathways, Mallika Kumarihamy, Siddharth Tripathi, Premalatha Balachandran, Bharathi Avula

Faculty and Student Publications

Three unique 5,6-seco-hexahydrodibenzopyrans (seco-HHDBP) machaeridiols A–C, reported previously from Machaerium Pers., have displayed potent activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and E. faecalis (VRE). In order to enrich the pipeline of natural product-derived antimicrobial compounds, a series of novel machaeridiol-based analogs (1–17) were prepared by coupling stemofuran, pinosylvin, and resveratrol legends with monoterpene units R-(−)-α-phellandrene, (−)-p-mentha-2,8-diene-1-ol, and geraniol, and their inhibitory activities were profiled against MRSA ATCC 1708, VRE ATCC 700221, and cancer signaling pathways. Compounds 5 and 11 showed strong in vitro activities with MIC values of 2.5 μg/mL and 1.25 μg/mL against MRSA, respectively, and …