Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Titania Nanosheets Induce Anticancer Activityin Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells, Rapeepun Soonnarong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Metal nanomaterials can enhance the efficacy of current cancer therapies. Here, we show that Ti0.8O2 nanosheets cause cytotoxicity in several lung cancer cells but not in normal cells. The nanosheet-treated cells showed certain apoptosis characteristics. Protein analysis further indicated the activation of the p53-dependent death mechanism. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed the cellular uptake of the nanosheets and the induction of cell morphological change. Ti0.8O2 nanosheets induce apoptosis through a molecular mechanism involving peroxynitrite (ONOO−) generation. As peroxynitrite is known to be a potent inducer of S-nitrosylation, we further found that the nanosheets mediated …

Chemical Constituents And Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity Of Capparis Micracantha And Maerua Siamensis, Sasiwimon Nukulkit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The chemical investigation of two plants in Capparaceae family, which are Capparis micracantha and Maerua siamensis, leads to the isolation of 13 compounds. The structures of the isolates were elucidated using spectroscopy techniques and comparison of the previous reports. Of five known compounds from the stems of C. micracantha were an indole alkaloid (methyl 6-methoxy-3-indolecarbonate), a benzoic acid derivative (vanillic acid), a lignan [(−)-syringaresinol], and two stilbene dimers [(+)-ampelopsin A and (−)-pauciflorol E]. In addition, eight new indole alkaloids named (+)-maeruanitrile A, maeruanitrile B, maeroximes A-C and maeruabisindoles A-C were isolated from the roots of M. siamensis,. All isolates were …

Neuroprotective Effect Of Intranasal Delivery Of Asiatic Acid Against Amyloid Beta1-42-Induced Alzheimer's Disease In Mice, Ridho Islamie

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Asiatic acid (AA) is an active natural compound that can be derived from Centella asiatica extract. Several pharmacological studies were reported that AA has potential as neuroprotector in the central nervous system disorders. AA penetration in the brain was limited due to its low bioavailability. Nasal delivery system of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded-AA was developed to increase AA penetration in the brain. The current study aimed to investigate neuroprotective effect and protective mechanisms of AA in SLNs by nasal-to-brain delivery technique against Aβ1–42 induced memory impairment by in vivo study. Male ICR mice were divided into six groups (n=11-12/group); …

Prevalence Of Musculoskeletal Disorders And Ergonomic Risk Factors Among Firefighters, Hamza Farooq

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: Injury to the musculoskeletal system or the human body's ability to move is known as a musculoskeletal disorder (i.e. muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, discs, blood vessels, etc.). Firefighting is a physically hard and dangerous job. Firefighters carry out emergencies and prevent fire and respond to disaster. Workers who deal with fireworks often have musculoskeletal disorders. Objective: To investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic risk factors among firefighters. Methodology: Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to report musculoskeletal disorders in 106 firefighters and quick exposure check (QEC) questionnaire was used in 20 firefighters for 3 different tasks to evaluated …

Effects Of Lower Extremity Muscle Strengthening Exercise And Foot Orthoseson Medial Longitudinal Arch Height In Individuals With Flexible Flatfoot, Phoomchai Engkananuwat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: Foot orthoses and lower extremity exercises have been widely recommended to improve medial longitudinal arch (MLA) height in adults with flexible flatfoot. However, there is little evidence to guide the choice between foot orthoses or lower extremity exercises. Objectives: This study comprised two separate studies. Study 1 aimed to establish the more effective exercise protocol by comparing the MLA height in groups performing foot exercises with and without gluteus medius (GMed) muscle strengthening exercise. Study 2 compared the established exercise protocol in Study 1 with foot orthoses to determine the actual effectiveness of each intervention. Main outcome measures: Navicular …

The Effect Of Breathing Training Program Using A Toy Blower On Lung Function, Respiratory Muscles Strength, And Functional Capacity In People With Obesity Level 2, Sarawut Jansang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Obesity level 2 has major implications on the respiratory system, particularly the impact of breathing exercises on lung function, which may now be trained employing a variety of breathing exercises and equipment. Therefore, researcher was interested in applying inflatable toys to be applied along with breathing patterns in people with obesity level 2 between the ages of 30 and 65, which affected lung function, respiratory muscle strength and physical activity in way of life. Therefore, the researcher aimed to study the effects of a breathing training program using a toy blower device on breathing performance and respiratory muscle strength. The …

Comparison Of Compressive Strength Between Two Mini Implants :An In Vitro Study, Anchisa Weerasubpong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Objective: To observe and evaluate the difference in static and dynamic loadings between two mini-implant systems (RetenDent and MS denture® system, OSSTEM). Materials and Methods: Fifty mini-implant from two companies were included in the study. The compressive force was applied to the mini-implants at 30 degrees from its vertical axis. Ten specimens from each group were subjected to static load tests. Subsequently, five cyclic loadings were calculated from static compressive strength. These loads include 320N, 275N, 230N, 185N, and 140N. Three specimens from each group were randomly selected and tested at each loading condition. The Independent T- test was utilized …

Influence Of Cad/Cam Materials On Damping Behavior Of Implant-Supported Crown, Charnikan Sukkasam

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study was to investigate the damping capacity of implant-supported crowns made from various computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) restorative materials. A titanium implant fixture was embedded in epoxy resin. Crown specimens were divided into three groups: Zirconia (Z), Lithium disilicate (E), and Polymethyl methacrylate (P). Each crown was subdivided into Uncement (Un) and Adhesive resin cement (RC) subgroups (n=5). Specimens were loaded (0-200N). Strain gauges were attached to measure microstrains at crestal and apical levels. Damping capacity was determined based on load-time curves, microstrain-time curves, and time required to reach the maximum load. A two-way ANOVA with Tukey …

The Novel Cyanoacrylate Based Fluoride Varnish, Narongrit Larpbunphol

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The important factors contributing to the effectiveness of fluoride varnish are the amount of fluoride ion release and the retention time of the varnish on the tooth surface. Commercial fluoride varnishes are susceptible to mechanical removal; therefore, patients are informed to avoid eating for a few hours and refrain from tooth brushing for 12–24 h, which results in patient inconvenience. However, the novel cyanoacrylate based fluoride varnish would not have these disadvantages. This study compared the daily fluoride ion release, abrasion resistance to brushing, and toxicity to human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) between a newly-developed cyanoacrylate based fluoride varnish and Duraphat …

Association Between Medical Insurance Choices And Healthcare Utilization Among Diabetes Patients In The People's Republic Of China : A Secondary Data Analysis, Duohui Chen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Since 2018, the universal medical insurance coverage rate has reached 95% in China. Due to the lack of medical and health resources and insufficient health service capacity of primary health care facilities in China, the biggest problem with the health system in China is overcrowding, especially in the utilization of outpatient services in secondary and tertiary hospitals. This study aimed to analyze the factors Association between Medical insurance Choices and healthcare Utilization among diabetes patients among patients of age >45 years in China. The logistic regression was used to assess the association between type of hospital of elder diabetic patients …

Human Health Risk Assessment Of Heavy Metals In Roadside Dust Near Hydropower Dams Construction Areas In Wangduephodrang District Of Bhutan, Kinley Dorjee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The concern over the heavy metal laden dust and its impact on human health has gained global importance over the decade. Exposure to roadside dust is associated with various acute and chronic health issues. Bhutan too is battling environmental health issues due to increasing anthropogenic and developmental activities such as hydropower dam construction. This study analyses the heavy metals concentrations in roadside dust near hydropower dam construction areas and assesses the noncancer and cancer risk of exposure to heavy metals laden dust through inhalation. This study was a cross sectional study. The roadside dust samples near hydropower dam construction in …

The Effects Of Chinese Archery Arts Program On Core Executive Functions In Elementary School Children In Shanghai China : A Quasi-Experimental Study​, Jianjun Liu

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of a 12-week Chinese archery art program on core executive functions in preadolescent children in Shanghai, China. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted in the present study. All 68 eligible participants were purposively assigned to a Chinese archery intervention group (45 minutes/session, 4 sessions/week, n=34) or extracurricular activity-based control group (45 minutes/session, 4 sessions/week, n=34); The whole study period included a 12-week treatment and a 6-week follow-up. The primary outcome was the performance of core executive functions (inhibition control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility), assessed with psychological paradigms: Fish Flanker Task, N-Back …

Factors Association Of Discriminatory Attitudes Toward People Living With Hiv/Aids Among Adult Citizens In Myanmar : An Analysis Of 2015-2016 Myanmar Demographic And Health Survey, Pyae Phyo Thar

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Myanmar, a developing nation, is still among the countries with the highest prevalence of HIV infection. Misconceptions, stigmatisation, and discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) are significant factors that contribute to the prevention, transmission, and treatment of HIV. So, PLHIV-related stigma and discrimination are pervasive issues that significantly undermine public health efforts to prevent the spread of HIV and provide support for those living with the PLHIV. Despite its importance, the stigma and discrimination issues are often overlooked in national responses to PLHIV. In Myanmar, there are limited studies on discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS, and it requires …

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Not A Catch-All, Amanda Shulski

Capstone Showcase

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is prolonged and disproportionate neuropathic pain and inflammation which presents after surgery, fracture, or trauma to a limb. This phenomenon has been recognized in the literature since the civil war but the pathophysiology has only become clear over the last 20 years. There are no diagnostic tests for CRPS and it is a relatively rare condition with only about 20 cases in 100,000 people per year. CRPS is then under-recognized by some providers but over-diagnosed by others. Occasionally, providers use CRPS as a catch-all for unexplained pain rather than a recognized condition with specific diagnostic …

Hannaford Center For Safety, Innovation & Simulation 2022 Annual Report, Maine Medical Center

Annual Reports

• Identified more than 400 latent safety threats across our system
• Provided readiness training for the launching of pediatric ECMO
• Introduced summative block OSCEs for medical students
• Continued rural telesimulation outreach with MOOSE
• Presented or published 15 total abstracts and publications
• Continued development of AR-integration pediatric simulation

Dean's Research Newsletter, January 2022, Jerry L. Nadler

SOM Dean's Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Covid-19 Vaccine Disparities And Attitudes, Deonne Cartwright, Meryem Saygili

Pursue: Undergraduate Research Journal

The past couple of years have caused so much uncertainty and grief amidst the global pandemic. The goal of this study is to explore the attitudes behind COVID-19 vaccination to address the cause for vaccine disparities and help minimize health disparities in the United States. The study considers two multivariable regressions in SPSS of the social factors on vaccination status and vaccine confidence. This model studies the relationship between one’s ethnicity, race, education level, education specialization, household income, political ideology, and media source on vaccine confidence and vaccination status on an East Texas college campus. A campus-wide survey was conducted …

Mainehealth Institute For Research: 2022 Year In Review, Mainehealth Institute For Research

Annual Reports

Annual Report

Mainetrack 2022 Program Report For Tufts University School Of Medicine & Maine Medical Center, Maine Medical Center, Tufts University School Of Medicine

Annual Reports

The Tufts University School of Medicine – Maine Medical Center Maine Track Program was founded with three primary goals in mind: to address the shortage of doctors in Maine; to offer Maine’s brightest students the financial means to pursue a career in medicine; and to develop an innovative curriculum focused on community-based education.

Healing Racial Trauma And Reframing The Miseducation Of U.S. America: Altering Exclusionary Textbooks As A Therapeutic Experiential, Kamaria Erin Wells

Art Therapy | Master's Theses

This exploratory mixed-methods, arts-based research investigated the therapeutic impact of fusing art therapy, group therapy, altered book making and alternative therapeutic modalities on self-efficacy, self- awareness, community efficacy and awareness, and reduction of racial trauma symptomology. The intention of the study was to understand the experiences of mental health professional participants (n =5), consequent to four therapeutic group sessions. Participants disclosed experienced symptoms of race-based PTSD pre and post sessions via the University of Connecticut Racial/Ethnic Trauma Survey, in addition to qualitative data. Qualitative data consisted of artwork, written responses, and exit interviews confirming the hypothesis that this radical healing …

A Survey Measuring The Impact Of A Silk-Screen Printing Art Therapy Session On Psychological Aspects In Mothers Of Children With Cancer: A Pilot Study In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Maha Rashed

Art Therapy | Master's Theses

The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the impact of silk-screen printing as an art therapy intervention on psychological aspects in Saudi family caregivers of children with cancer. The sample population was mothers (n = 30) from different regions of Saudi Arabia. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during a single art therapy session and was assessed by a self-reported survey. The art therapy provided significant improvements pre and post-treatment in terms of mood, coping skills, improved energy, raised self-esteem, diverting attention from current problems, and feeling hopeful. Cultural issues related to art therapy …

Zap: Zoom Art Program With Adults Living With Acquired Brain Injury The Effect Of Using Videoconferencing To Deliver Act Art Therapy Intervention, Shari Weiser

Art Therapy | Master's Theses

The present study investigated if experienced co-presence, psychological involvement, and behavioral engagement impact the effectiveness of art therapy sessions to individuals who have experienced an ABI with persistent impairments due to an acquired brain injury. The participants include seven adult women, aged between 41 and 77, with mild to medium chronic stage ABI. Previous research has asserted that there are few options to meet psychosocial and mental health needs for individuals with an ABI in the chronic stages. Telemental health, specifically Acceptance and Commitment Art Therapy, is one way to meet the needs of this underserved population. The researcher used …

Aquatic Therapy: An Interprofessional Resource Focusing On Children With Developmental And Intellectual Disabilities, Mackenzie Martha Brokaw

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Background Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) experience impairments with physical development, learning, language, and behavior (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2021b). These impairments lead to impacts with day to day functioning and meaningful occupations such as play, education, social participation, and activities of daily living (ADLs) (CDC, 2021b). Occupational therapy has the skilled knowledge to assist with these challenges from a variety of approaches. Aquatic therapy is one tool shown to be beneficial as the physical properties of water create an environment that can be very supportive to an individual and their needs (Pocius & Riley, …

Rural Community Park Accessibility, Ashleymarie Patricia Hirdler

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Title: Rural Community Park Accessibility

Background: Play is a primary occupation for children and is critical for development (Yogman et al., 2018). School readiness and relationships with others can be impacted when opportunity for play is limited. Play also benefits adults by reestablishing their passion for activities and reducing stress responses to everyday events (Yogman et al., 2018). Lynch et al. (2019) found that when playgrounds were not accessible, children and parents with disabilities felt odd and experienced increased stress due to limited opportunities. It is important for children and their families to have access to accessible parks and spaces …

Educating The Interprofessional Team And Family About Sensory Challenges Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder May Experience, Delanie Vitosh

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Introduction: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often demonstrate difficulties processing and interpreting sensory input experiencing over-responsiveness or under-responsiveness to sensory stimulation (Autism Speaks, n.d.). A sensory education program was created to educate the interprofessional team and families about sensory challenges children with ASD experience and what strategies can be used to prevent or decrease the number of outbursts caused by over-stimulation, under-stimulation, and their potential impact on participation in meaningful occupations. Based on the literature review, non-compliance with home programs is a major factor negatively affecting therapeutic outcomes (Rone-Adams, Stern, & Walker, 2004). However, Koegel, Bryan, Su, Vaidya, and …

Iris Clubhouse: Experiences Of Community Integration, Rebecca J. Reeves

Occupational Therapy Capstones

The lived experience of community integration for those living with a serious mental illness (SMI) who are members of an unaccredited Clubhouse is an under investigated topic. The goal of this study is to better understand this phenomenon to inform the development of efficient and effective community integration programming for a local Clubhouse who is working toward becoming accredited. 15 active and inactive members of a local Clubhouse participated in a semi-structured interview to discuss their experiences of community integration while living with an SMI. The interviews were analyzed using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach (Dibley et al., 2020). Seven themes …

An Investigation Of Hhv6'S Impact On The Cognitive Progression And Microglial Changes In An Alzheimer's Disease Cohort, Charles E. Seaks

Theses and Dissertations--Physiology

The role of herpesviruses and, more specifically, HHV6 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and associated cognitive decline is still being investigated. High ubiquity and prevalence in the population have led to a high degree of skepticism about HHV6 as a potential contributor to cognitive decline and dementias. However, recent evidence related to another herpesvirus, herpes simplex virus 1, suggests that reactivation, not carriage, of the virus may be the key factor to explain the dissonance between the virus’ ubiquity and contributions to dementias. With that in mind, we set out to assess cases from the Sanders-Brown Center on …

Does Attachment Predict Coping Strategies? An In-Depth Look At Millennials During Covid-19, Clinton Johnson

Art Therapy | Master's Theses

Individuals form attachments during the early stages of their lives, with the caregiver serving as their first attachment figure. An individual's attachment style may predict how an individual will react to challenges in life. Responses to challenges may be either adaptive (solution-focused) or maladaptive (solution-avoidant). The objective of this study was to examine how millennial adults demonstrate adaptive coping skills across attachment styles. This unique study explored the relationship between attachment style and coping strategies among five millennial adults. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling via social media and were included if they met the criteria of being a millennial …

Medication Usage In Independent Living: A Continuing Care Retirement Community Aging In Place Initiative, Aarti Deshpande, Carrie B Rubenstein, Ruth Benfield, Lee Burnside

All Poster Presentations

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify medication use concerns in this community.

Background: In this study, Swedish Geriatric Medicine Fellow partnered with this community to identify medication use concerns in this population.

Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs) are intended to support residents as they age in place. These communities tend to be well resourced but less studied. This survey attempts to identify medication use concerns in this population. Mirabella CCRC has 324 Independent living (IL) residents, 82 of which are couples. The average age is 85 years. The current cost of an IL unit is from $4673- …

Psychometric Characteristics And Validity Of The Promis Cancer Function Brief 3d Profile, Sean R. Smith, Mary Vargo, David S Zucker, Samman Shahpar, Lynn Gerber, Maryanne Henderson, Gina Jay, Minji Lee, Andrea Cheville

All Poster Presentations

Purpose: To develop an item response theory (IRT)-calibrated patient-reported outcome measure (PRO) that assesses cancer patient physical function, fatigue and social participation.

Problem Statement: The subspecialty of cancer rehabilitation medicine (CRM) has to date lacked a psychometrically validated patient-reported outcome measure that assesses patients’ physical function, fatigue, and social participation. A significant proportion of the 16.9 million US cancer survivors will experience, or have already experienced, impairments that compromise function, a predictable consequence of their disease and treatment. While each disease site and line of treatment may be associated with unique impairments, there are some that cut across several cancers …