Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Study Protocol: Randomised Controlled Hybrid Type 2 Trial Evaluating The Scale-Up Of Two Arts Interventions For Postnatal Depression And Parkinson’S Disease, Tayana Soukup, Rachel Davis, Maria Baldellou Lopez, Andy Healey, Carolina Estevao, Daisy Fancourt, Paola Dazzan, Carmine Pariante, Hannah Dye, Tim Osborn, Rebecca Bind, Kristi Sawyer, Lavinia Rebecchini, Katie Hazelgrove, Alexandra Burton, Manonmani Manoharan, Rosie Perkins, Aleksandra Podlewska, Ray Chaudhuri, Fleur Derbyshire-Fox, Alison Hartley, Anthony Woods, Nikki Crane

Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Research on the benefits of 'arts' interventions to improve individuals' physical, social and psychological well-being is growing, but evidence on implementation and scale-up into health and social care systems is lacking. This protocol reports the SHAPER-Implement programme (Scale-up of Health-Arts Programmes Effectiveness-Implementation Research), aimed at studying the impact, implementation and scale-up of: Melodies for Mums (M4M), a singing intervention for postnatal depression; and Dance for Parkinson's (PD-Ballet) a dance intervention for Parkinson's disease. We examine how they could be embedded in clinical pathways to ensure their longer-term sustainability. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A randomised two-arm effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 trial …

Targeting Gastrointestinal Cancers With Chimeric Antigen Receptor (Car)-T Cell Therapy, Ross E Staudt, Robert D Carlson, Adam E. Snook

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

The immune system is capable of remarkably potent and specific efficacy against infectious diseases. For decades, investigators sought to leverage those characteristics to create immune-based therapies (immunotherapy) that might be far more effective and less toxic than conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer. Those studies revealed many factors and mechanisms underlying the success or failure of cancer immunotherapy, leading to synthetic biology approaches, including CAR-T cell therapy. In this approach, patient T cells are genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that converts T cells of any specificity into tumor-specific T cells that can be expanded to …

Comparison Of Sexually Transmitted Infections And Adverse Perinatal Outcomes In Underserved Pregnant Patients Before Vs During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Texas, Irene A Stafford, Jennie O Coselli, Danielle F Wilson, Courtney Y Wang, Baha M Sibai

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This cohort study assesses the rates of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and associated adverse perinatal outcomes among underserved pregnant patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in a public health system in Southeastern Texas.

Factors Affecting Nurses’ Intention To Leave Their Primary Nursing Position, Scott P. Kaye

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The United States is facing an imminent nurse staffing crisis. An aging workforce, an increasing elder population, and new staffing legislation have added to existing difficulties in retaining nurses. Retaining nurses is a priority in emergency departments, one of the few specialty departments that exceed the national average turnover rate, with an average of 95% of the nursing staff leaving their positions every five years. This dissertation used dual-factor theory, dimensions of nursing surveillance, and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks; employed secondary analysis of the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (2018) dataset; and utilized hierarchical regression Modeling to examine the …

Maternal Wellness: Self, Matrescence, Obstetric Violence, And Self-Care, Vanessa V. Vales-Lewis

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In this dissertation, I engage in a self-study through an examination of my experience of matrescence (i.e., the transition to motherhood). I discuss my praxis in the development of a self-study on maternal wellness as it applies to my well-being as both a researcher and the researched. In Chapter 1, I preface this study by highlighting critical scholars and the bricoleurs who have been foundational in my undertaking of this work on a narrative study on maternal wellness. Using bricolage as part of a research methodological framework that involved key scholarly methodologies of authentic inquiry, emergence and contingence, and narratology, …

Nursing And Interprofessional Relationships On A Labor And Delivery Unit: Ethnography, Tricia A. Lewis

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Research regarding interprofessional relationships on a labor and delivery unit is overwhelmingly quantitative, most of it relying on descriptors of the concepts “team” and “teamwork.” However, there is a scarcity of studies that explore the actual interactions that occur among professionals while they provide care to a laboring mother. In a labor and delivery unit at a suburban hospital, over a 14-month period, data was collected through participant observation, casual conversation, extensive field notes, informal interviews, and unstructured, in-depth interviews with 12 healthcare professionals until saturation of emerging themes was achieved. Field notes and transcribed interviews were continuously examined and …

The Impact Of A Formal Leadership Development Program On Charge Nurse Leadership Competencies: An Integrative Review, Ellen Mae Hudson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This integrative review focuses on the current body of evidence for charge nurse leadership development (CNLD). It identifies common skills and competencies, provides a synthesis of existing training practices, and identifies gaps in the evidence. A thorough literature search of electronic databases and reference lists was completed, resulting in the identification of 22 studies published between 2011 and 2020. Data from the selected studies were evaluated and categorized into common themes; virtually all reported positive outcomes for the charge nurse development program implemented. Two of the studies reviewed were integrative reviews that compared identified themes and methodologies. Four studies were …

A Severe Case Of Odontogenic Infection And Necrotizing Fasciitis Of The Anterior Chest Wall And Neck., Mallorie L Huff, Kyle S Wilson Md, Kathleen E. Kane Md, Kathryn L Wheel Md, Joseph J. Stirparo Md

Department of Surgery

Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening infection that can be rapidly fatal. Early identification and emergent surgical management are essential to minimize morbidity and mortality. This case report describes a 25-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with a three-day history of worsening left lower dental infection and new-onset neck pain and swelling. He received broad-spectrum antibiotics and intravenous fluid resuscitation and underwent computed tomography of the neck and chest. Following intensive care unit admission, he underwent tooth extraction where intraoperative evaluation revealed subcutaneous crepitus. Immediate debridement was performed, revealing copious foul-smelling purulent discharge and necrotic tissue extending over the …

Older Adults' Perceptions And Recommendations Regarding A Falls Prevention Self-Management Plan Template Based On The Health Belief Model: A Mixed-Methods Study, Jennifer L. Vincenzo, Susan K. Patton, Leanne L. Lefler, Pearl A. Mcelfish, Jeanne Wei, Geoffrey M. Curran

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Faculty Publications and Presentations

Falls are the leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries among older adults. Self-management plans have been used in different contexts to promote healthy behaviors, but older adults’ perceptions of a falls prevention self-management plan template have not been investigated. Using mixed methods, we investigated older adults’ perceptions and recommendations of a falls prevention self-management plan template aligned with the Health Belief Model. Four focus groups (n = 27, average age 78 years) were conducted using semi-structured interview guides. Participants also ranked the written plan on paper with respect to each item by the level of importance, where item …

Headquarters Report: A Look Back, A Step Forward, Karen Burgess Cae

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

In her Headquarters Report, MDA Executive Director Karen Burgess reflects on the dental landscape entering the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic, acknowledging the "new normal" with increased demand for services, staff shortages, and supply chain challenges. Despite uncertainties, the Michigan Dental Association (MDA) maintained membership numbers better than expected, with a slight decrease in market share. The report emphasizes the importance of member value, highlighted by a favorable Net Promoter Score (NPS) and positive feedback on MDA benefits. It also discusses efforts in diversity, equity, and inclusion, along with successful advocacy initiatives influencing oral health in Michigan.

The Scoop, Vol. 8 Issue 11, February 2022, Health Sciences Library

Volume 8

Latest news and updates from the Health Sciences Library in our monthly newsletter for February 2022.

Developing Peri-Operative Rehabilitation In Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [Ao Spine Recode-Dcm Research Priority Number 6]: An Unexplored Opportunity?, Timothy F. Boerger, Allison S. Hyngstrom, Julio C. Furlan, Sukhvinder Klasi-Ryan, Armin Curt, Brian K. Kwon, Shekar N. Kurpad, Michael G. Fehlings, James S. Harrop, Bizhan Aarabi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, James D. Guest, Jefferson R. Wilson, Benjamin M. Davies, Mark R. N. Kotter, Paul A. Koljonen

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Study Design

Narrative review.

Objective

Degenerative cervical myelopathy is one of the most frequent impairments of the spinal cord encountered internationally in adults. Currently, surgical decompression is the recommended treatment for people with DCM (PwCM) presenting with moderate to severe symptoms or neurological deficits. However, despite surgical intervention, not all patients make a complete recovery due to the irreversible tissue damage within the spinal cord. The objective of this review is to describe the state and gaps in the current literature on rehabilitation for PwCM and possible innovative rehabilitation strategies.

Methods

Literature search.

Results

In other neurological disorders such as …

Commentary: The Role Of The Mda’S Committee On Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion, Mehul Patel Dds

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This Commentary emphasizes the Michigan Dental Association's commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion, aligning with its 2021-25 strategic plan. The Committee on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion is tasked with monitoring demographic trends, enhancing inclusion, recommending equity actions, and improving member value for diverse dentists. Rejecting perceptions of tokenism, the committee underscores the importance of embracing diversity beyond race, including various dimensions like age, gender identity, and practice setting. Encouraging members to actively contribute, the commentary emphasizes the role of diversity in strengthening the MDA and advancing oral healthcare.

The Antibacterial Effect And The Incidence Of Post-Operative Pain After The Application Of Nano-Based Intracanal Medications During Endodontic Retreatment: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, Shehabeldin Mohamed Saber Prof.Dr.

Dentistry

Objective: This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effect of nano-silver and nano-calcium hydroxide intracanal medicaments (ICM) during retreatment regarding their antibacterial effect and their effect on post-operative pain and flare-ups. Materials and methods: Sixty-nine patients scheduled for endodontic retreatment were included in this randomized clinical trial and randomly allocated to 3 equal groups (n = 23) according to the type of ICM used. The first microbial sampling (S1) representing the original microbiota was obtained after the removal of the old canal filling. After chemo-mechanical debridement, another sample (S2) was obtained representing the microbial state before ICM application. Patients were …

Artificial Intelligence In Clinical And Translational Science: Successes, Challenges And Opportunities, Elmer V Bernstam, Paula K Shireman, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Meredith N Zozus, Xiaoqian Jiang, Bradley B Brimhall, Ashley K Windham, Susanne Schmidt, Shyam Visweswaran, Ye Ye, Heath Goodrum, Yaobin Ling, Seemran Barapatre, Michael J Becich

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming many domains, including finance, agriculture, defense, and biomedicine. In this paper, we focus on the role of AI in clinical and translational research (CTR), including preclinical research (T1), clinical research (T2), clinical implementation (T3), and public (or population) health (T4). Given the rapid evolution of AI in CTR, we present three complementary perspectives: (1) scoping literature review, (2) survey, and (3) analysis of federally funded projects. For each CTR phase, we addressed challenges, successes, failures, and opportunities for AI. We surveyed Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs regarding AI projects at their institutions. Nineteen …

Role Of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography To Differentiate Intraretinal Microvascular Abnormalities And Retinal Neovascularization In Diabetic Retinopathy, Abdul Sami Memon, Nasir A. Memon, Pir Salim Mahar

Department of Surgery Docs

Objective: To assess proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to describe the difference in angiographic representation of new vessels (NVs) and Intra retinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed at ISRA Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Karachi, from March 2018 to September 2018. Forty-two eyes of 21 patients with history of diabetes mellitus (DM) were examined. Twenty-eight eyes with a clinical diagnosis of severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) according to early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) were included and evaluated using Swept source optical coherence tomography …

Surgical Research: Exploring Our History - Navigating The Future, Nadeem Ahmed Siddiqui, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim, Syed Ather Enam

Department of Surgery Docs

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Food Insecurity In The General College Population And Student-Athletes: A Review Of The Literature, Elizabeth L. Abbey, Melissa Brown, Christine Karpinski

Nutrition Faculty Publications

Purpose of Review: The purpose of this review is to examine the prevalence of food insecurity (FI) among the general college student population with a focus on student-athletes and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on FI in these groups. Recent Findings: FI is estimated to be more prevalent in college students than in the general population, although ranges vary widely. Less is known about FI among college student-athletes. Data on changes in FI prevalence pre-pandemic and during is mixed. Summary: Colleges and universities should invest in interventions to address FI on their campuses, and further research on FI among …

A Novel Treatment Of Postpartum Depression And Review Of Literature., Jennifer Yoon, Jason Gu Md, Katherine B. Martin Md

Department of Psychiatry

Early-onset postpartum depression has been shown to have a unique neurobiological basis compared to major depressive disorder, implying a need for targeted treatments such as the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved brexanolone. In this case report, a woman with a past medical history of major depressive disorder was diagnosed with postpartum depression due to worsening mood with suicidal and homicidal ideations. She was treated with vilazodone and aripiprazole with good effect after consideration of her past medication trials. Her regimen is unique in clinical practice and not reported in current literature for the treatment of postpartum depression. It may …

Temporary Epicardial Pacing Wires In Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: Necessity Or Force Of Habit?, Mian Mustafa Kamal, Abdul Ahad Sohail, Majid Osman, Shiraz Hashmi, Muhammad Mehdi, Asma Altaf Hussain Merchant, Hasanat Sharif

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Objective: To determine the frequency of Temporary epicardial pacing wires usage and its predictors in the immediate postoperative period in isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Methods: The longitudinal study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from September 2019 to August 2020, and comprised adult patients of either gender who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass graft in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery. Demographic, peri-operative and post-operative Temporary Epicardial Pacing Wires use data was extracted from patient's files and the institutional electronic database. Logistic regression models were built to explore predictors of Temporary epicardial pacing wires usage. Data …

From Abortion Rights To Reproductive Justice: A Call To Action, Erica Goldblatt Hyatt, Judith L.M. Mccoyd, Mery Diaz

Publications and Research

As aggressive cultural and legislative attacks on abortion rights and access continue, we call upon social workers to pursue the liberatory aims of the reproductive justice (RJ) movement. We argue that the RJ framework, rooted in feminist theory, aligns with social work’s social justice ethos and goals, appropriately guiding advocacy and intervention. After outlining the central aims and tenets of the RJ movement, we consider policies that impair RJ and those that could promote RJ, focusing on enhancing body sovereignty, childbearing, and parenting. We conclude with concrete recommendations for how social workers can pursue RJ professionally and personally.

Task Effects On Functional Connectivity Measures After Stroke, Kaleb Vinehout, Sheila M. Schindler-Ivens, Jeffrey R. Binder, Brian D. Schmit

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Understanding the effect of task compared to rest on detecting stroke-related network abnormalities will inform efforts to optimize detection of such abnormalities. The goal of this work was to determine whether connectivity measures obtained during an overt task are more effective than connectivity obtained during a “resting” state for detecting stroke-related changes in network function of the brain. This study examined working memory, discrete pedaling, continuous pedaling and language tasks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine regional and inter-regional brain network function in 14 stroke and 16 control participants. Independent component analysis was used to identify 149 regions …

Inspire : Vol 5, Issue 2, Department Of Medicine

INSPIRE – Department of Medicine Archives

Content

• Medicine at National and International Forums
• Webinar on Cervical Cancer
• Nephrology Certificate Course
• In-depth: featuring Associate Professor & Vice Chair – Education Dr Faisal Ismail
• Featured Faculty – Saadia Sattar – Senior Instructor- Research “… human life is very fragile and all we can do is stay positive and do our part … this too shall pass!…”
• Poem section
• What are Academics Around the World Reading This Month?
• Publications

Surgeons And Ethical Challenges In Operating Room, Nazim Syed Muhammad, Syed Shahabuddin

Section of Urology

Ethics lie in the heart of professionalism. In surgery, it represents an essential element, with surgeons facing ethical challenges in their routine practice. The rapid expansion of surgical technology and innovation along with the use of resources and consideration of conflict of interest have brought up the need for the development of current surgical code of ethics. Operating room represents a stressful environment where patients' lives depend upon careful preparation, planning and execution. The progression of surgery within the operating room must be done in harmony and in line with the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. Discussion …

What After Bcg Fails In Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer?, M Hammad Ather

Section of Urology

No abstract provided.

Cryotherapy And Leep Are Effective Treatment For Cin Lesions In Hiv+ And Hiv- Women In Western Kenya, Elkanah Omenge, Naaman Mehta, Ann Mwangi, Victor Omodi, Tao Liu, Edwin Sang, Philip Tonui, Peter Itsura, Kapten Muthoka, Stephen Kiptoo

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Objectives: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and the most common cancer among Kenyan women, with an age-standardized incidence rate of 33.8% in 2018. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) in HIV+ women is over twice as likely to progress in severity compared to HIV- women. Conflicting reports exist as to the efficacy of cryotherapy or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) as treatment for CIN among HIV+ women. This study assesses the results of cryotherapy or LEEP for CIN among HIV+ compared to HIV- women in Western Kenya.

Methods: One-hundred and twenty HIV+ (60 …

Hiv-1 Rna Genital Tract Shedding After Cryotherapy For Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid-Positive Cervical Lesions In Western Kenya, Anne Bocage, Elkanah Omenge, Tao Liu, Peter Itsura, Philip Tonui, Kapten Muthoka, Stephen Kiptoo, Soya S. Sam, Angela Caliendo, Susan Cu-Uvin

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Objectives: To quantify genital tract HIV-1 RNA (GT-HIV RNA) shedding among women living with HIV (WLHIV) before and after cryotherapy treatment for visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) positive cervical lesions.

Methods:We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study of 39 WLHIV on antiretroviral treatment (ART) undergoing cryotherapy for VIA positive lesions in Kenya from 2015-2017. Eligibility for cryotherapy were lesions that covered

Results: Detectable GT-HIV RNA was found in 4/39 (10%) participants pre-cryotherapy, 1/30 (3.3%) and 3/26 (11.5%) participants at the 2- and 8-weeks post-cryotherapy, respectively. Only 6/39 (13%) participants had detectable GT-HIV RNA at any point during the study. …

Sars-Cov-2 Variants Increase Kinetic Stability Of Open Spike Conformations As An Evolutionary Strategy, Ziwei Yang, Yang Han, Shilei Ding, Wei Shi, Tongqing Zhou, Andrés Finzi, Peter D. Kwong, Walther Mothes, Maolin Lu

School of Medical and Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) harbor mutations in the spike (S) glycoprotein that confer more efficient transmission and dampen the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and antibody therapies. S mediates virus entry and is the primary target for antibody responses, with structural studies of soluble S variants revealing an increased propensity toward conformations accessible to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. However, real-time observations of conformational dynamics that govern the structural equilibriums of the S variants have been lacking. Here, we report single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) studies of critical mutations observed in …

Timing Of Testing For Ige-Mediated Food Allergy After Systemic Reaction, Jordan Pitt, Paul J. Dowling, Christopher Miller, Ashley Sherman, Salman Aljubran

Posters

Rationale: A refractory period of falsely negative testing can occur following a systemic allergic reaction to Hymenoptera sting. As a result, blood specific IgE and/or skin prick tests (SPT) for other allergens are often delayed. This retrospective chart review aims to identify the proportion of patients with falsely negative test results in the 6 weeks following an allergic reaction to food, and factors that may affect it. Methods: One hundred fourteen pediatric subjects met inclusion criteria. Each had a convincing history of food allergy with a systemic allergic reaction and was tested to the culprit food within 6 weeks. The …

Evaluation Of The Outcomes Of Oral Challenges To Azithromycin, Cephalexin And Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole In Pediatrics, Hannah N. Neuhaus, Jordan Heath Md, Salman Aljubran

Posters

Rationale: Antibiotic hypersensitivity complicates treatment for various infections and leads to long-term healthcare costs and antibiotic resistance. Data regarding the outcomes of oral challenges to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin and cephalexin are limited in Pediatrics.  The goal of this study was to characterize the outcomes and safety of oral challenges to these antibiotics in Pediatrics.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of pediatric patients who underwent oral challenges to cephalexin, azithromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Allergy Clinic over the last 12 years.

Results: Ten patients underwent oral challenge to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and all were successful. Thirteen patients underwent oral challenge to azithromycin and …