Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Immunogenomic Intertumor Heterogeneity Across Primary And Metastatic Sites In A Patient With Lung Adenocarcinoma, Runzhe Chen, Jun Li, Junya Fujimoto, Lingzhi Hong, Xin Hu, Ming Tang, Carmen Behrens, Chi-Wan Chow, Peixin Jiang, Latasha D Little, Curtis Gumbs, Xingzhi Song, Jianhua Zhang, Dongfeng Tan, John V Heymach, Ignacio Wistuba, P Andrew Futreal, Don L Gibbons, Lauren A Byers, Jianjun Zhang, Alexandre Reuben

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, partially owing to its extensive heterogeneity. The analysis of intertumor heterogeneity has been limited by an inability to concurrently obtain tissue from synchronous metastases unaltered by multiple prior lines of therapy.

Methods: In order to study the relationship between genomic, epigenomic and T cell repertoire heterogeneity in a rare autopsy case from a 32-year-old female never-smoker with left lung primary late-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we did whole-exome sequencing (WES), DNA methylation and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to characterize the immunogenomic landscape of one primary and 19 synchronous metastatic tumors. …

Prioritization Of Risk Genes In Multiple Sclerosis By A Refined Bayesian Framework Followed By Tissue-Specificity And Cell Type Feature Assessment

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that affects over 2 million people worldwide, resulting in a heavy burden to families and entire communities. Understanding the genetic basis underlying MS could help decipher the pathogenesis and shed light on MS treatment. We refined a recently developed Bayesian framework, Integrative Risk Gene Selector (iRIGS), to prioritize risk genes associated with MS by integrating the summary statistics from the largest GWAS to date (n = 115,803), various genomic features, and gene-gene closeness.

RESULTS: We identified 163 MS-associated prioritized risk genes (MS-PRGenes) through the Bayesian framework. …

In A Bind: Effect Of Abdominal Binding On Postoperative Pain In Abdominal Surgery Patients, Mattison Edinger-Vanatta

The Downtown Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal Written and Peer-Reviewed by Mandel Honors College Students at Cleveland State University

This evidence-based project seeks to answer the question, in patients who have undergone abdominal surgery, what is the effect of abdominal binders on postoperative pain? A literature review was conducted and ultimately, five peer-reviewed articles, comprised of three randomized controlled trials and two systematic reviews, were selected to answer this question. Each article studied the effect of abdominal binders using a “binder” and a “non-binder” group in patients who had undergone various types of open abdominal surgeries, including gynecological cancer excisions, cesarean deliveries, midline laparotomies, hernia repairs, and more. Each study used the visual analogue scale to assess patient pain …

Hepatitis B And D: A Forecast On Actions Needed To Reduce Incidence And Achieve Elimination, Scott Greenhalgh, Andrew Klug

Spora: A Journal of Biomathematics

Viral hepatitis negatively affects the health of millions, with the worst health outcomes associated with the hepatitis D virus (HDV). Fortunately, HDV is rare and requires prior infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) before it can establish infection and transmit. Here, we develop a mathematical model of HBV and HDV transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa to investigate the effects of hepatitis B vaccination on both HBV and HDV. Our findings illustrate a hepatitis B vaccination rate above 0.006 year^-1 reduces hepatitis D by over 90%, and a vaccination rate above 0.0221 year^-1 reduces hepatitis B by over 90%, …

Pedagogical Conditions For The Formation Of Physical Health Of Students Of Higher Educational Institutions, Farhod Torakhanovich Masharipov

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Aim: to develop mechanisms for organizing the pedagogical process on the basis of differentiated modular technologies to improve physical fitness and development of students in higher educational institutions that do not specialize in physical education.

Methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, and questionnaires were used in the study.

Results: The implementation of proposed modern, innovative methods is an important part of organizing the process of physical education in educational institutions. It is implemented in harmony with advanced information and communication technologies by ensuring the participation of schoolchildren and students in physical culture and mass sports.

Conclusion: The …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - May 10, 2022, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the May 10, 2022 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents include:

• Five medical school graduates receive scholarship named for late classmate
• Research seminar series to address prostate cancer
• Meet a Ph.D. Student: Marlo Thompson
• Pathology faculty and researchers present at AACR meeting

A Multimodal Approach To Decreasing Hesitancy And Increasing Uptake Of The Covid-19 Vaccine In The Family Care Setting, Meghan Zwierzynski

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept across the world, infecting and killing millions of people, making it one of the worst pandemics in history (WHO, 2021). However, the rates of confirmed cases and deaths have slowed since the discovery of the COVID-19 vaccine. The purpose of this evidence-based practice (EBP) project was to decrease vaccine hesitancy and increase uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in the family care setting. The Iowa Model-Revised (Iowa Model Collaborative, 2017) is a practical, effective multi-step change process that acted as a guide for the EBP project. A review of literature showed …

2022-05-10_Michiganoverview_Covidlongtermcare, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Long Term Care Data

The COVID Long Term Care Facilities page was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 data page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/stats/data-about-places/long-term-care-data.

This report is created by the Michigan Department of Health & Human Services from data self-reported by long-term care facilities into EMResource. Data for all reporting facilities is posted weekly each Monday.

The information below represents COVID-19 data reported directly to MDHHS by licensed and operating Skilled Nursing, Home for the Aged and Adult Foster Care facilities (licensed to serve 13 or more individuals) in Michigan from January 1, 2020. All long-term care facilities additionally have an obligation to report COVID-positive residents and/or staff …

Intervention Goals For Preschoolers With Language Difficulties And Disorders A Scoping Review Using The Icf Framework, Elaine Kwok, Carly A. Cermak, Kathryn Hatherly, Barbara Jane Cunningham

PRECISe Preschool Speech and Language Publications

Purpose: The primary aim of this scoping review was to categorize language therapy goals reported in intervention studies for preschoolers (i.e., children from 0 to 5;0 years old) with language difficulties and disorders within the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. A secondary aim was to determine whether different therapy goals were reported for different language difficulty/disorder subtypes (i.e., comparing language difficulty/disorder associated with a biomedical condition to those without an associated biomedical condition).

Method: The scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) guidelines. Articles were retrieved from speechBITE, with age (under …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 118), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Barriers To Exercise And Physical Activity - Insight From The Rural Practitioner, Erin G. Tillery

Honors College Theses

Sedentary lifestyles are a growing public health concern. Furthermore, many rural Americans lack adequate access to healthcare resources. When healthcare is sought, the patient-practitioner interactions may serve to influence the patient’s lifestyle choices. The practitioners' exercise and physical activity habits may shape the effectiveness of the patient-practitioners interaction. Here, we explored the potential barriers to exercise and physical activity (PA) in licensed physical and occupational therapists. In addition, we aimed to describe barriers to exercise and PA in individuals with a history of stroke from the perspective of the practitioner. Lastly, how current exercise and physical activity habits influence their …

Nasally Delivered Interferon-Λ Protects Mice Against Infection By Sars-Cov-2 Variants Including Omicron, Zhenlu Chong, Courtney E Karl, Peter J Halfmann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Emma S Winkler, Shamus P Keeler, Michael J Holtzman, Jinsheng Yu, Michael S Diamond

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Although vaccines and monoclonal antibody countermeasures have reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, variants with constellations of mutations in the spike gene jeopardize their efficacy. Accordingly, antiviral interventions that are resistant to further virus evolution are needed. The host-derived cytokine interferon lambda (IFN-λ) has been proposed as a possible treatment based on studies in human coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Here, we show that IFN-λ protects against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants in three strains of conventional and human ACE2 transgenic mice. Prophylaxis or therapy with nasally delivered IFN-λ2 limits …

Improving Access To Non-Pharmacologic Integrative Pain Management Modalities In Sickle Cell Disease (Scd) Inpatients, Nicole Lincoln

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

Background: Evidence suggests that non-pharmacologic therapies complement and work synergistically alongside traditional pharmacologic therapies for chronic pain and have a beneficial impact on the intensity of pain, improved quality of life and functional status. Sickle Cell Patients have complex pain and often feel stigmatized due to pain seeking behaviors. This project evaluates the effect of a clinical initiative stewarded by nurses and managed in the electronic health record. The project aims to improve access to preferred modalities for integrative pain management among hospitalized Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) inpatients.

Methods: The nurses received e-learning and in-person training on the use of …

Implementation Of Delirium Bundle On A Hospital Medical/Surgical Unit To Help Decrease The Prevalence Of Delirium, Sanusi Mohammed

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

Description of the Problem: Delirium is defined as a constellation of symptoms that includes disturbance in attention or awareness, change in cognition, language and perceptual disturbances that develops over a short period of time. Delirium mostly affects adult patients with risk factors including history of dementia, early cognitive impairment, dehydration, and infections. This quality improvement project was implemented on one hospital unit at a large tertiary hospital in the Boston area. This unit has one highest rate of delirium in the entire hospital system. Delirium is associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality. Also, this syndrome leads to longer …

Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement For Aortic Stenosis Among Patients With Malignancy: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Muhammad U Siddiqui, Omar Yacob, Joey Junarta, Ahmed K Pasha, Farouk Mookadam, Mamas A Mamas, D L Fischman

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

Background: With advancements in cancer treatment, the life expectancy of oncology patients has improved. Thus, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) may be considered as a feasible option for oncology patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). We aim to evaluate the difference in short- and long-term all-cause mortality in cancer and non-cancer patients treated with TAVR for severe AS.

Methods: Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant studies. Patients with cancer who underwent treatment with TAVR for severe AS were included and compared to an identical population without cancer. The primary endpoints were short- …

Evaluation Of Anemia In Communities Served By Shoulder To Shoulder Global: A Cross-Sectional Study In Santo Domingo, Ecuador, Kevin J. Mercer, Daniela Claudia Moga, Steven Fleming, Cristian Carrión, Melody Ryan

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Background Shoulder to Shoulder Global (STSG) recognizes anemia as a cause of morbidity among patients in Santo Domingo, Ecuador. Little research has been done to assess targetable anemia risk factors to serve as a foundation for future pharmacotherapeutic interventions. This study sought to characterize anemia in this population to lay the foundation for future preventive intervention.

Methods Cross-sectional data obtained from existing clinic records from 2010 to 2016 included hemoglobin/hematocrit, age, sex, pregnancy status, and respective community. Chi-square compared means to examine risk factors associated with anemia. Logistic regression and odds ratios (OR) were used to estimate risk factors associated …

Evaluation Of Selected Computer Software For Concussion Recovery And Diagnosis, J.P. Jensen

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Acquired traumatic brain injuries, such as concussions, impact many athletes participating in sports, particularly at the high school, collegiate, and professional levels. The risks posed by concussions – particularly when an athlete suffers repeated injuries – demands that protocols and tools be developed to maximize athlete health and safety. Computer technology can perform critical roles in the analysis and management of concussions. While specialized devices in the areas of imaging and impact sensing, are most associated with concussion management, researchers within the last two decades have increasingly explored the incorporation of various consumer technologies into the identification and treatment of …

Biliverdin Reductase Bridges Focal Adhesion Kinase To Src To Modulate Synaptic Signaling, Chirag Vasavda, Evan R Semenza, Jason Liew, Ruchita Kothari, Ryan S Dhindsa, Shruthi Shanmukha, Anthony Lin, Robert Tokhunts, Cristina Ricco, Adele M Snowman, Lauren Albacarys, Francesco Pastore, Cristian Ripoli, Claudio Grassi, Eugenio Barone, Michael D Kornberg, Xinzhong Dong, Bindu D Paul, Solomon H Snyder

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Synapses connect discrete neurons into vast networks that send, receive, and encode diverse forms of information. Synaptic function and plasticity—the neuronal process of adapting to diverse and variable inputs—depend on the dynamic nature of synaptic molecular components, which is mediated in part by cell adhesion signaling pathways. Here, we found that the enzyme biliverdin reductase (BVR) physically links together key focal adhesion signaling molecules at the synapse. BVR-null (BVR−/−) mice exhibited substantial deficits in learning and memory on neurocognitive tests, and hippocampal slices in which BVR was postsynaptically depleted showed deficits in electrophysiological responses to stimuli. …

How Implementing A Digital Competency Management System Reduced Nurse Training Cost And Improved Npd Practitioner Satisfaction In A Pediatric Hospital, Dionne Margallo

Doctoral Projects

Healthcare organizations must have high-quality nursing staff to deliver optimal patient care. Educators and managers evaluate nurses by their performance through nursing competencies, or “knowledge, skills, [and] abilities” (KSA) (American Nurses Association, 2015, p. 86). Traditional competency evaluations and manual tracking posed a problem within one pediatric hospital. Leaders did not have a transparent way to see the knowledge and skills of their nursing staff. This resulted in increased organizational costs due to retraining and increased workload and job dissatisfaction among educators. The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) project was to evaluate how implementing a digital competency management system …

Strategies To Combat Ageism In Emergency Medicine, Anita N. Chary, Lauren Cameron Comasco, Anita Rohra, Shan Lliu

Journal of Geriatric Emergency Medicine

N/a

Eskape Pathogens: The Clinical Prevalence And Molecular Mechanisms Of Antibiotic Resistance, Anusha Attre

Honors Scholar Theses

The ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are the leading cause of all nosocomial, or healthcare-associated (HAI), infections (Navidinia, 2016). The purpose of this research study is to determine the burden of ESKAPE infections on healthcare and study the antibiotic resistance in these high-risk pathogens to provide direction for researchers to develop new antimicrobial innovations to reduce ESKAPE infectivity and improve patient outcomes. To study the burden of ESKAPE infections, this review analyzes the current statistics explaining the clinical prevalence of each pathogen in causing HAIs. Additionally, each pathogen is …

Regulation Of Oxidative Phosphorylation Of Liver Mitochondria In Sepsis, Pierre Eyenga, Benjamin Rey, Lilia Eyenga, Shey-Shing Sheu

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

The link between liver dysfunction and decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in sepsis has been clearly established in experimental models. Energy transduction is plastic: the efficiency of mitochondrial coupling collapses in the early stage of sepsis but is expected to increase during the recovery phases of sepsis. Among the mechanisms regulating the coupling efficiency of hepatic mitochondria, the slipping reactions at the cytochrome oxidase and ATP synthase seem to be a determining element, whereas other regulatory mechanisms such as those involving proton leakage across the mitochondrial membrane have not yet been formally proven in the context of sepsis. If the dysfunction …

Burnout And Psychological Capital In Baccalaureate Nursing Students Enrolled In Clinical Rotations, Kathleen Horan

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Nursing students who will successfully transition to practice as registered nurses are a crucial resource, especially now with the current nursing shortage. Using Meleis’ Transition Theory as a framework, the purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to examine specific intrapersonal factors in nursing students enrolled in clinical rotations. The convenience sample consisted of 129 BSN students with a mean age of 24. Their levels of burnout (exhaustion, cynicism and inefficacy) and psychological capital (hope, efficacy, resilience and optimism), also called PsyCap, were measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Findings demonstrated moderate levels of …

Transitioning Eating Practices Of Older Adults, Michelle Lajoy Jackson

Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to explore what factors may have influenced the transition of an individual older adult’s eating practices over a lifespan and the impact participants perceived those factors currently had upon their nutritional health in older adulthood.

Background: The older adult population is recognized as one of the fastest growing populations in the United States. One of many growing concerns for this population is the impact of dietary practices on the morbidity and mortality of this aging population. There is limited research to date that has explored the transitioning of appetite …

Biophysical Insight Into The Sars-Cov2 Spike–Ace2 Interaction And Its Modulation By Hepcidin Through A Multifaceted Computational Approach, Hamid Hadi-Alijanvand, Luisa Di Paola, Guang Hu, David M. Leitner, Gennady M. Verkhivker, Peixin Sun, Humanath Poudel, Alessandro Giuliani

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

At the center of the SARS-CoV2 infection, the spike protein and its interaction with the human receptor ACE2 play a central role in the molecular machinery of SARS-CoV2 infection of human cells. Vaccine therapies are a valuable barrier to the worst effects of the virus and to its diffusion, but the need of purposed drugs is emerging as a core target of the fight against COVID19. In this respect, the repurposing of drugs has already led to discovery of drugs thought to reduce the effects of the cytokine storm, but still a drug targeting the spike protein, in the infection …

Concerted Type I Interferon Signaling In Microglia And Neural Cells Promotes Memory Impairment Associated With Amyloid Β Plaques, Nicholas E Propson, Rupa Kanchi, Baiping Wang, Cristian Coarfa, Hui Zheng, Wei Cao

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The principal signals that drive memory and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain elusive. Here, we revealed brain-wide cellular reactions to type I interferon (IFN-I), an innate immune cytokine aberrantly elicited by amyloid β plaques, and examined their role in cognition and neuropathology relevant to AD in a murine amyloidosis model. Using a fate-mapping reporter system to track cellular responses to IFN-I, we detected robust, Aβ-pathology-dependent IFN-I activation in microglia and other cell types. Long-term blockade of IFN-I receptor (IFNAR) rescued both memory and synaptic deficits and resulted in reduced microgliosis, inflammation, and neuritic pathology. Microglia-specific Ifnar1 deletion attenuated …

Evaluation Of Heat Inactivation Of Human Norovirus In Freshwater Clams Using Human Intestinal Enteroids, Takashi Kamaishi, Ryuichi Sugiyama, Mary K Estes, Masamichi Muramatsu, Kosuke Murakami

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Foodborne disease attributed to the consumption of shellfish contaminated with human norovirus (HuNoV) is one of many global health concerns. Our study aimed to determine the conditions of the heat-inactivation of HuNoV in freshwater clams (Corbicula japonica) using a recently developed HuNoV cultivation system employing stem-cell derived human intestinal enteroids (HIEs). We first measured the internal temperature of the clam tissue in a water bath during boiling at 90 °C and found that approximately 2 min are required for the tissue to reach 90 °C. Next, GII.4 HuNoV was spiked into the center of the clam tissue, followed …

Single-Cell Profiling Of Human Dura And Meningioma Reveals Cellular Meningeal Landscape And Insights Into Meningioma Immune Response, Anthony Z Wang, Jay A Bowman-Kirigin, Rupen Desai, Liang-I Kang, Pujan R Patel, Bhuvic Patel, Saad M Khan, Diane Bender, M Caleb Marlin, Jingxian Liu, Joshua W Osbun, Eric C Leuthardt, Michael R Chicoine, Ralph G Dacey, Gregory J Zipfel, Albert H Kim, David G Denardo, Allegra A Petti, Gavin P Dunn

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Recent investigations of the meninges have highlighted the importance of the dura layer in central nervous system immune surveillance beyond a purely structural role. However, our understanding of the meninges largely stems from the use of pre-clinical models rather than human samples.

METHODS: Single-cell RNA sequencing of seven non-tumor-associated human dura samples and six primary meningioma tumor samples (4 matched and 2 non-matched) was performed. Cell type identities, gene expression profiles, and T cell receptor expression were analyzed. Copy number variant (CNV) analysis was performed to identify putative tumor cells and analyze intratumoral CNV heterogeneity. Immunohistochemistry and imaging mass …

Asthma And Technology In Emerging African American Adults (The Athena Project): Protocol For A Trial Using The Multiphase Optimization Strategy Framework, Angela J Jacques-Tiura

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Asthma causes substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States, particularly among African American emerging adults (AAEAs; aged 18-30 years), but very few asthma programs have targeted this population. Interventions that provide education and address underlying motivation for managing asthma may be the most effective. However, intensive face-to-face interventions are often difficult to implement in this population.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to develop an effective mobile asthma management intervention to improve control among AAEAs.

METHODS: We will assess the ability of multiple technologic components to assist and improve traditional asthma education. The first component is the …

Determinants Of Exclusive Breastfeeding And Mixed Feeding Among Mothers Of Infants In Dubai And Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Haleama Al Sabbah, Enas A. Assaf, Zainab Taha, Radwan Qasrawi, Hadia Radwan

All Works

Breastfeeding (BF) is considered the ultimate method of infant feeding for at least the first 6 months of life. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is one of the most effective interventions to improve child survival. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the associated factors among women in Dubai and Sharjah, UAE. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four hospitals and four healthcare centers in Dubai and Sharjah between September 2017 and December 2017. Hospitals and centers are governmental and provide maternal and child health services. A convenience sample of 858 Arab …