Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Longitudinal Patterns Of Suicidality Among Heroin Users In Johannesburg, South Africa: A Need For Suicide Screening And Intervention, Nirvana Morgan, Ellen-Ge Denton, Ugasvaree Subramaney, William Daniels, Tilman Steinert

Publications and Research

Objectives: The objective of the study was to longitudinally assess the outcomes and correlates of suicidal ideation and behavior (SIB) among heroin users who attended inpatient detoxification and psychosocial rehabilitation. SIB was assessed in 300 heroin users upon entry into inpatient detoxification (baseline) as well as 3-months (t1) (n = 252; 84%) and 9-months (t2) (n = 225; 75%) post treatment. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the demographic, clinical and treatment related factors that increased the risk for a high SIB score.

Results: From baseline to t1 there was a significant decrease in the proportion of …

Actions Against Racism: Bringing Together Trauma-Informed Practices, Social-Emotional Learning, And Racial Socialization To Combat Racism In Schools, Danielle R Hatchimonji, Kira Branch, Danika Perry, Tia N Barnes

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Racism is a social determinant of health with dire consequences for the health, education, and mental health of students of color. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop and test evidence-based strategies to combat racism in schools. In response to this need, our team has developed a multi-tiered school-based intervention to build capacity for combatting racism in educators, students, and families. The "Actions Against Racism" intervention synthesizes three evidence-based practices: trauma-informed practices, social-emotional learning (SEL), and racial socialization. The multiple tiers of intervention aim to cultivate skills for combatting individual and structural racism in educators, families, and students across …

Salivary Immunity Of Elite Collegiate American Football Players Infected With Sars-Cov-2 Normalizes Following Isolation, Joshua Granger, Eunhan Cho, Kevin Lindsey, Nathan Lemoine, Derek Calvert, Jack Marucci, Shelly Mullenix, Hollis O’Neal, Brian A. Irving, Neil Johannsen, Guillaume Spielmann

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The impact of COVID-19 on systemic immunity in the general population has been well characterized, however the short-term effects of COVID-19 infection on innate salivary immunity in elite-level athletes are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether elite college football athletes had altered salivary immunity following the CDC-recommended isolation post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Salivary samples were obtained from fourteen elite football players who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 14), immediately after CDC-recommended isolation (average days = 14 ± 2 days) and fifteen controls who remained uninfected with SARS-CoV-2. Biomarkers of innate salivary immunity (sIgA and alpha-amylase), antimicrobial proteins (AMPs, i.e., …

Correlates Of Health Literacy And Perceptions Of Burden Among Caregivers Of Persons Diagnosed With Chronic Illnesses, Mubarak Aldawsare

Dissertations

Background/Rationale: Greater attention is needed on factors effectively supporting caregivers because poor well-being of caregivers can hamper overall patient outcomes. Lack of awareness of caregiver burden has implications for healthcare systems globally. Caregivers may encounter various levels of burden as a result of providing long-term care to individuals diagnosed with one or more chronic illnesses. Caregivers with inadequate health literacy are more likely to experience feelings of uncertainty, and as a result, caregiver burden. Little is known about the impact of the health literacy of caregivers on the level of burden when providing care to individuals with complex care …

Associations Between Concepts Of The Family Management Style Framework, And Measures Of Child Adherence To Treatment For Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Heather Harker Ryan

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

Background: Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) is an underdiagnosed, autosomal dominant, monogenic condition affecting ~1:250 individuals in the United States (U.S.), resulting in cardiovascular events 10-20 years earlier than in unaffected peers.

Sample: Fifty-one parents of youth aged 2-18 years followed for HeFH in a pediatric specialty clinic.

Purpose: Assess parental perceptions of HeFH, child adherence to treatment, and parenting in HeFH-affected households.

Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational survey study congruent with elements of the Family Management Style Framework (FMSF). Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations assessed linear relationships between parentally observed HeFH treatment adherence measures, parenting style, and parental perceptions of …

The Role Of Physical Activity And Gender As Moderators For The Relationship Between Insomnia And Depression, Claire E. Wickersham

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between insomnia and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults and to investigate whether gender or physical activity moderates this relationship. Method: This study used nationally representative data from the 2016 and 2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and binomial logistic regression was used to estimate models. Regression models for risk of depressive symptoms (2018) were based on a longitudinal model with time-lagged indicators of insomnia, levels of physical activity, and covariates (2016). Results: Analyses showed that participants who reported having insomnia in 2016 were more …

Differential Effects Of Dietary Macronutrients On The Development Of Oncogenic Kras-Mediated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Liang Zhu, Juntao Ji, Jianjia Ma, Dan Wang, Muyun Liu, James Xianxing Du, Rong Chen, Wei Hou, James L Abbruzzese, Craig D Logsdon, Vincent W Yang, Yongde Luo, Weiqin Lu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

KRAS mutations are prevalent in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and are critical to fostering tumor growth in part by aberrantly rewiring glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Corroborating this epidemiological observation, mice harboring mutant KRAS are highly vulnerable to obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) challenges leading to the development of PDAC with high penetrance. However, the contributions of other macronutrient diets, such as diets rich in carbohydrates that are regarded as a more direct source to fuel glycolysis for cancer cell survival and proliferation than HFD, to pancreatic tumorigenesis remain …

Elisa Validation Method For The Detection Of Ketamine In Hair, Daria A. Centonza

Student Theses

An ELISA method was developed and validated to detect ketamine in human hair samples. Ketamine is an anesthetic drug that causes memory loss, dissociative sensations, and hallucinations. Due to these adverse effects, ketamine is a common drug used in drug facilitated sexual assaults (DFSAs). It is very important to be able to detect the substances used in DFSAs over a longer period of time due to the delayed reporting of these crimes. Victims, often out of fear and from the sedative/memory loss effects of the drugs, tend to report these crimes when it is too late to use urine and …

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (Bph): A Comprehensive Analysis Of The Malaise And Summarizing Possible Management Options Through Phytotherapeutic Agents, Shan Sasidharan, Kumarapillai Parameswaran Srinivasakumar, Sandeep Poddar, Amiya Bhaumik, Sreemoy Kanti Das, Hareendran Nair J

Kesmas

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a severe illness affecting middle-aged and geriatric male patients. This disease normally occurs at the age of 40 or above and is also associated with sexual dysfunction. Alpha-blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors are the preferred drugs practiced to treat BPH. However, invasive surgical therapy remains the gold standard for managing the condition in the case of refractory and intricate BPH conditions. Due to the fear of sexual dysfunction and the detrimental influence on their quality of life, most patients seek to avoid synthetic drugs and surgery. For this reason, several patients turn to phytotherapy and other …

Knowledge, Attitudes, And Covid-19 Prevention Practices Of Healthcare Workers In Indonesia: A Mobile-Based Cross-Sectional Survey, Besral Besral, Zulvi Wiyanti, Dion Zein Nurizin, Milla Herdayati, R Sutiawan, Martya Rahmaniati, Popy Yuniar

Kesmas

Knowledge of disease can affect attitudes and prevention practices, and wrong attitudes and practices can directly increase the risk of disease infection. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and COVID-19 prevention practice of healthcare workers in Indonesia and factors associated with prevention practices. A mobile-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in August 2020 with 254 healthcare workers in Indonesia. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of four parts: 1) sociodemographic information, 2) knowledge of COVID-19, 3) attitudes and anxiety toward COVID-19, and 4) COVID-19 prevention practices. The results indicated that healthcare workers in Indonesia had excellent knowledge and positive attitudes about …

Treatment Adherence And Incidence Of Coronary Heart Disease In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients, Ahmad Sahlan Baniu, Rani Sauriasari, Woro Riyadina, Pradana Soewondo

Kesmas

Previous studies showed that uncontrolled blood sugar and long-term use of several types of antidiabetic could increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to compare the incidence of CHD in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients showing treatment adherence and non-adherence behavior over four years. This was a retrospective cohort study with data sets obtained from the Bogor Cohort Study of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors. All study subjects were not diagnosed with CHD at the beginning of the study. The sample was divided into two groups; one had adhered to treatment from health centers and followed …

Local Wisdom Enriching Complementary Feeding Practices During Disaster Situations In Indonesia, Astuti Astuti, Happy Hayati, Fajar Tri Waluyanti, Dessie Wanda

Kesmas

This study aimed to analyze complementary food fulfillment during disaster situations in Indonesia since it frequently experiences natural disasters and young children face unique challenges related to their feeding needs in disaster situations. This qualitative case study based on the Mount Merapi eruption and Sumedang landslide in 2021 collected data using observations, forum group discussions, and in-depth interviews; then, a thematic analysis was conducted. This study involved 17 participants, including Non-governmental Organizations (NGO) activists, health workers, residents involved in making complementary foods, and primary caregivers of children aged 6–24 months. This study found that there were five themes generated from …

Infarct Diameter For Predicting Cognitive Dysfunction In Ischemic Stroke Survivors In West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, Herpan Syafii Harahap, Setyawati Asih Putri, Yanna Indrayana, Hasan Amin, Fransisca Ika Mahardika

Kesmas

Cognitive dysfunction is an important consequence of ischemic stroke, which can progress in the first few years and is primarily determined by clinical factors. This study aimed to investigate the clinical determinants of cognitive dysfunction in stroke survivors in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This cross-sectional study assessed 255 ischemic stroke survivors with a mean age of 57.1±9.3 years old and 29–79 years old, recruited consecutively in three main hospitals in West Nusa Tenggara Province between March 2019 and October 2021. Categorical data collected included age, sex, education level, clinical determinants of ischemic stroke, and cognitive status of the patients. …

Muscle Dysmorphia In Fitness Center Members: Its Affecting Factors And Impacts, Deny Yudi Fitranti, Nurmasari Widyastuti, Etika Ratna Noer, Ayu Rahadiyanti, Fillah Fithra Dieny, Rachma Purwanti, Dewi Kurnia Sandi, Widya Destikasari

Kesmas

Muscle dysmorphia (MD) has several impacts on the decline in social and health functions. This study aimed to determine the correlation between MD with eating behaviors and exercise loading among fitness center members and analyze the factors affecting it. This study used a cross-sectional design with 100 subjects chosen by a consecutive sampling method at three fitness centers in Semarang City. The subjects were all male members of an active fitness center between 17 and 45 years. The data of MD were obtained using the Drive Muscular Scale (DMS), while eating behavior data were obtained using the Eating Attitude Test-40 …

Determinants Of The Coexistence Dual Form Of Malnutrition In Pairs Of Mother And Child Aged 6 – 59 Months In Bogor District 2019, Maulina Dwi Krismanita, Triyanti Triyanti, Ahmad Syafiq, Trini Sudiarti

Kesmas

The dual form of malnutrition (DFM) is defined as multiple nutritional problems in the same household and time. This study aimed to determine the related factor to DFM incidence in pairs of mothers and children aged 6–59 months in Bogor District in 2019. This cross-sectional study used secondary data on the Nutrition and Health of Babakan Madang Subdistrict Toddlers in 2019 and Nutrition Intake and Stunting of Children Under-Five in Bogor District, West Java Province, involving a total sample of 274 households. The dependent variable in this study was DFM, while the independent variables were maternal age during pregnancy, maternal …

Interprofessional Collaborative Practice And Health Workers Retention At Remote Primary Health Care: Case Study From Nusantara Sehat Team-Based Program, Prastuti Soewondo, Retno Pujisubekti, Ade Widyati Prastyani, Nurul Maretia Rahmayanti

Kesmas

The Nusantara Sehat Team (NST), established in 2015 and consist of multi-professional health workers, implemented to provide comprehensive services at remote primary health cares (PHCs) for two years. This study aimed to explore how the NST leverages the Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) and its impact on the future career prospects of health workers. Using a qualitative approach, the information was gathered from 48 informants drawn from the current 30 NST recruits and 18 alumni through semi-structured interviews. Of these 48, 20 were clinical practitioners, while the rest were non-clinical health workers. The findings revealed several challenges in promoting collaborative practice, including …

The Influence Of Intrapersonal Constraints On Travel Intention Of People At High Risk From Covid-19 During The New Normal, Dyah Widiyastuti, Ikasari Kusuma Wardhani

Kesmas

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism constraints have created a challenge for inclusive tourism, especially for older people and people with comorbidities. This study examined intrapersonal constraints’ effect on the travel intentions of people facing fewer opportunities for tourism due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which could disrupt their well-being fulfillment. The data were collected through an online survey of Jakarta citizens aged 46 years and older from the end of June to September 2021, and a total of 337 responses were accumulated. This study applied partial least square structural equation modeling to test the moderating effect of intrapersonal constraints toward …

Zoom Fatigue During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Is It Real?, Putri Winda Lestari, Adhila Fayasari

Kesmas

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused drastic changes to social lives moreover the activities done outside, such as work and school. The policy of large-scale social restrictions (LSRR)/Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB), which makes people stay at home, also plays an important role in changing the face-to-face activity online. As a solution to the major change, people use video conferencing to keep in touch and still feel like doing "offline" activities. The increasing use of video conferencing has raised concerns about the resulting fatigue, termed "Zoom fatigue." This study aimed to describe Zoom fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic …

Diabetes Mellitus And Mortality Among Covid-19 Patients In Jakarta, March-August 2020, Endang Widuri Wulandari, Sudarto Rotnoatmodjo, Ngabila Salama

Kesmas

Diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity is one of the risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. This study aimed to determine the association of comorbid DM and mortality among COVID-19 confirmed cases in DKI Jakarta Province, controlled with confounding variables from March to August 2020. The study design was a retrospective cohort using cox proportional hazard regression, with a total sample of 1,480. The data consisted of 740 COVID-19 cases with and 740 without comorbid DM. The inclusion criteria were COVID-19 confirmed cases with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) laboratory testing reported to the DKI Jakarta Provincial Department of Health, and …

Cardiovascular Outcomes In Aortopathy: Gentac Registry Of Genetically Triggered Aortic Aneurysms And Related Conditions, Kathryn W Holmes, Sheila Markwardt, Kim A Eagle, Richard B Devereux, Jonathan W Weinsaft, Federico M Asch, Scott A Lemaire, Cheryl L Maslen, Howard K Song, Dianna M Milewicz, Siddharth K Prakash, Dongchuan Guo, Shaine A Morris, Reed E Pyeritz, Rita C Milewski, William J Ravekes, H C Dietz, Ralph V Shohet, Michael Silberbach, Mary J Roman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The GenTAC (Genetically Triggered Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Cardiovascular Conditions) Registry enrolled patients with genetic aortopathies between 2007 and 2016.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare age distribution and probability of elective surgery for proximal aortic aneurysm, any dissection surgery, and cardiovascular mortality among aortopathy etiologies.

METHODS: The GenTAC study had a retrospective/prospective design. Participants with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) with aneurysm (n = 879), Marfan syndrome (MFS) (n = 861), nonsyndromic heritable thoracic aortic disease (nsHTAD) (n = 378), Turner syndrome (TS) (n = 298), vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) (n = 149), and Loeys-Dietz syndrome …

Discovery Of Potent Bet Bromodomain 1 Stereoselective Inhibitors Using Dna-Encoded Chemical Library Selections, Ram K Modukuri, Zhifeng Yu, Zhi Tan, Hai Minh Ta, Melek Nihan Ucisik, Zhuang Jin, Justin L Anglin, Kiran L Sharma, Pranavanand Nyshadham, Feng Li, Kevin Riehle, John C Faver, Kevin Duong, Sureshbabu Nagarajan, Nicholas Simmons, Stephen S Palmer, Mingxing Teng, Damian W Young, Joanna S Yi, Choel Kim, Martin M Matzuk

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

BRDT, BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 comprise the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) subfamily which contain two similar tandem bromodomains (BD1 and BD2). Selective BD1 inhibition phenocopies effects of tandem BET BD inhibition both in cancer models and, as we and others have reported of BRDT, in the testes. To find novel BET BD1 binders, we screened >4.5 billion molecules from our DNA-encoded chemical libraries with BRDT-BD1 or BRDT-BD2 proteins in parallel. A compound series enriched only by BRDT-BD1 was resynthesized off-DNA, uncovering a potent chiral compound, CDD-724, with >2,000-fold selectivity for inhibiting BRDT-BD1 over BRDT-BD2. CDD-724 stereoisomers exhibited remarkable differences in …

The Reliability And Magnitude Of Time-Dependent Force-Time Characteristics During The Isometric Midthigh Pull Are Affected By Both Testing Protocol And Analysis Choices, Stuart N. Guppy, Yosuke Kotani, Claire J. Brady, Shannon Connolly, Paul Comfort, Gregory G. Haff

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study aimed to investigate whether the use of short-duration (SHORT) isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) trials resulted in greater reliability and magnitude of time-dependent force-time characteristics than traditionally performed IMTP trials (TRAD). Fourteen subjects with > 6 months' training experience with the power clean volunteered to take part in the study. Subjects performed five ∼1-second IMTP trials (SHORT) and five 5-second IMTP trials (TRAD). SHORT resulted in substantially more reliable rate of force development (RFD) measures (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.97–0.99; coefficient of variation [CV] = 2.6–7.0%), particularly during time bands from force-onset to 150 ms, compared with TRAD when …

A Detailed Parameter Study Into The Dermal Absorption Of Chemical Warfare Agents And The Effects Of Pharmacokinetics, Koko Lear

Theses

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are substances of varying toxicity profiles. These chemicals exhibit complex dynamics and pose a serious health risk when released into the environment. A mathematical model based on Fick’s second law of diffusion was developed to comprehend how these compounds were absorbed into the skin. The analysis applied to both small and large doses and, successfully, predicted experimental results. This work also includes the effects of CWA physicochemical properties on evaporation and dermal absorption through the stratum corneum. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impacts of small variations in the initial dose, environmental conditions, and …

Different Irrigant Activation Techniques In Removing Dentin Debris: An In-Vitro Study, Maya T. Eter, Roula S. Abiad

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

During endodontic treatment, the efficiency of irrigation depends on two criteria: the antimicrobial and dissolving properties of the irrigation solution and the delivery system used that dictates the flushing action of the irrigant and consequently enable it to reach complex areas. The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare the cleaning efficiency of EDDY sonic activation with needle irrigation and passive ultrasonic activation regarding elimination of dentin debris. Forty single rooted extracted teeth were instrumented and then were split in bucco-lingual direction. A longitudinal groove was performed in the inner surface of one root half of each tooth. Grooves …

2022-05-30 Michiganoverview_Covidbedppe, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Hospital Data

Contains the tables Statewide Hospital Capacity Report for COVID-19, COVID-19 Metrics, Statewide Hospital Available PPE Tracking for COVID-19, as well as the tables PPE Days On Hand and Patient Census.

Policy Implementation Of Halal Product Assurance For Pharmaceutical Products In Indonesia, Hilyatul Fadliyah, Atik Nurwahyuni

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

After the implementation of halal product assurance (HPA) became a public policy, the assurance for halal pharmaceutical products is a must. However, the implementation has been relaxed for several years. This shows that the policy implementation is complicated. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the implementation process of the HPA policy for pharmaceutical products in Indonesia. We applied Van Meter Van Horn’s theory using the qualitative method through in-depth interviews with eight informants and a review ten documents. The result shows that the implementation is going well but is still not optimal, especially from the point of view regarding …

Covid-19 Pandemic Handling Strategies By The Baduy Tribe, Randi Irmayanto, Ede Surya Darmawan

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

The first case of COVID-19 in Indonesia was announced by the President on March 2, 2020. As of June 22, 2022, the cumulative number of confirmed positive cases in Indonesia is 6,072,918 cases, with 5,904,825 recoveries and 156,702 deaths. In response to this case, the government made a policy starting with Large-Scale Social Restrictions contained in Government Regulation Number 21 of 2020 until the Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities based on levels (4, 3, 2, and 1) set by the Ministry of Home Affairs. The government's strategy to deal with this is through the 5M health protocol (wearing masks, …

Wireless Implantable Optical Probe For Continuous Monitoring Of Oxygen Saturation In Flaps And Organ Grafts, Hexia Guo, Yameng Xu, Lauren Jacobson, Amanda M Westman, Matthew R Macewan, Mitchell A Pet, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Continuous, real-time monitoring of perfusion after microsurgical free tissue transfer or solid organ allotransplantation procedures can facilitate early diagnosis of and intervention for anastomotic thrombosis. Current technologies including Doppler systems, cutaneous O

Efficacy Of Cenobamate For Uncontrolled Focal Seizures In Patients With Previous Epilepsy-Related Surgery: Post Hoc Analysis Of A Phase 3, Multicenter, Open-Label Study, Bassel Abou-Khalil, Sami Aboumatar, Pavel Klein, Gregory L Krauss, Michael R Sperling, William E Rosenfeld

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Objective: This post hoc analysis of 10 US study sites from a long-term open-label phase 3 study of adjunctive cenobamate evaluated the efficacy of cenobamate in patients with prior epilepsy-related surgery.

Methods: Patients with uncontrolled focal seizures despite taking stable doses of 1-3 concomitant antiseizure medications (ASMs) received increasing doses of cenobamate (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/day) at 2-week intervals over 12 weeks (target dose, 200 mg/day). Further increases up to 400 mg/day using biweekly 50-mg/day increments were allowed during the maintenance phase. Dose adjustments of cenobamate and concomitant ASMs were allowed. Data were assessed until the last …

Implementation Of A Tele-Triage Protocol In An Emergency Department Setting, Megan Tuetken, Sierra Hamlin, Sydney Spaulding

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Nationwide, the volume of emergency department (ED) visits has steadily increased over the last several decades. This steady increase in volume frequently causes ED crowding and considerable delays in patient evaluation and treatment. Recently, teletriage has been used in emergency departments to evaluate less emergent patient needs while freeing up in-house providers to care for more critical patients. The goal of this DNP project was to develop a protocol for the utilization of teletriage in an Emergency Department in a level 1 trauma center in central Illinois using nurse practitioners to assess patients in the waiting room and order appropriate …